36 research outputs found
Diabetic retinopathy as a potential marker of Parkinson's disease:a register-based cohort study
Neurodegeneration is an early event in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, and an association between diabetic retinopathy and Parkinsonâs disease has been proposed. In this nationwide register-based cohort study, we investigated the prevalence and incidence of Parkinsonâs disease among patients screened for diabetic retinopathy in a Danish population-based cohort. Cases (nâ=â173â568) above 50âyears of age with diabetes included in the Danish Registry of Diabetic Retinopathy between 2013 and 2018 were matched 1:5 by gender and birth year with a control population without diabetes (nâ=â843â781). At index date, the prevalence of Parkinsonâs disease was compared between cases and controls. To assess the longitudinal relationship between diabetic retinopathy and Parkinsonâs disease, a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was estimated. The prevalence of Parkinsonâs disease was 0.28% and 0.44% among cases and controls, respectively. While diabetic retinopathy was not associated with present (adjusted odds ratio 0.93, 95% confidence interval 0.72â1.21) or incident Parkinsonâs disease (adjusted hazard ratio 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.56â1.05), cases with diabetes were in general less likely to have or to develop Parkinsonâs disease compared to controls without diabetes (adjusted odds ratio 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.71â0.87 and adjusted hazard ratio 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.78â1.00). In a national cohort of more than 1 million persons, patients with diabetes were 21% and 12% were less likely to have prevalent and develop incident Parkinsonâs disease, respectively, compared to an age- and gender-matched control population without diabetes. We found no indication for diabetic retinopathy as an independent risk factor for incident Parkinsonâs disease
The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) - 2018 Summary Report
The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a TeV-scale high-luminosity linear collider under development at CERN. Following the CLIC conceptual design published in 2012, this report provides an overview of the CLIC project, its current status, and future developments. It presents the CLIC physics potential and reports on design, technology, and implementation aspects of the accelerator and the detector. CLIC is foreseen to be built and operated in stages, at centre-of-mass energies of 380 GeV, 1.5 TeV and 3 TeV, respectively. CLIC uses a two-beam acceleration scheme, in which 12 GHz accelerating structures are powered via a high-current drive beam. For the first stage, an alternative with X-band klystron powering is also considered. CLIC accelerator optimisation, technical developments and system tests have resulted in an increased energy efficiency (power around 170 MW) for the 380 GeV stage, together with a reduced cost estimate at the level of 6 billion CHF. The detector concept has been refined using improved software tools. Significant progress has been made on detector technology developments for the tracking and calorimetry systems. A wide range of CLIC physics studies has been conducted, both through full detector simulations and parametric studies, together providing a broad overview of the CLIC physics potential. Each of the three energy stages adds cornerstones of the full CLIC physics programme, such as Higgs width and couplings, top-quark properties, Higgs self-coupling, direct searches, and many precision electroweak measurements. The interpretation of the combined results gives crucial and accurate insight into new physics, largely complementary to LHC and HL-LHC. The construction of the first CLIC energy stage could start by 2026. First beams would be available by 2035, marking the beginning of a broad CLIC physics programme spanning 25-30 years
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Bargaining Away Justice: India, Pakistan, and the International Politics of Impunity for the Bangladesh Genocide
In recent decades, the world has seen a profusion of new institutions of international criminal justice, with the creation of United Nations criminal tribunals for the former
Yugoslavia and Rwanda, hybrid courts for Sierra Leone and Cambodia, national
courts exercising universal jurisdiction, and the permanent International Criminal Court (ICC). Several heads of governmentâLaurent Gbagbo, HissĂšne HabrĂ©, Slobodan MiloĆĄevic, Charles Taylorâhave faced trial. These events have revived a vigorous debate on the roots of international justice, as well as on its impact on postwar societies