EVALUASI KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA BADAN USAHA MILIK DESA (BUMDes) BERSAMA BANGKIT MANDIRI DI KECAMATAN NITA KABUPATEN SIKKA

The research has been done in BUMDes Bersama Bangkit Mandiri in Nita Sub Districk Sikka Regency. Is aimed at recognizing financial performance from the liquidity, the solvability and the rentability of BUMDes Bersama Bangkit Mandiri in 2017-2019. The writer determine the location of the research deliberately (purposive sampling). The writer considerete from all BUMDes in Sikka Regency BUMDes Bersama Bangkit Mandiri is catagorizeed as the BUMDes was expended fit the potential of the vilage. BUMDes Bersama Bangkit Mandiri is establish in 2017. The writer use current ratio, total debt to total asset ratio and return on asset to calculate liquiditas, solvabilitas and rentabilitas of BUMDes Bersama Bangkit Mandiri in 2017until 2019. The result of the research show BUMDes Bersama Bangkit Mandiri gets liqudity value as 5.088%, 2.559 % and 2.265% in 2017- 2019. Based on the resalt above BUMDes Bersama Bangkit Mandiri categorized as liqudity and grow up well. The writer analyze BUMDes Bersama Bangkit Mandiri get solvability value as 3,34%, 14,79% and 15,04% in 2017-2019. The writer conclude that BUMDes Bersama Bangkit Mandiri categorized as solvabel and grow up well. Meanwhile, the writer found that BUMDes Bersama Bangkit Mandiri gets rentability value as 1,94%, 1,52% and 1,74% in 2017-2019. Based on the data the writer conclude that ability to make a profit is categorized bellow established standart

Variant of hepatitis B virus with primary resistance to adefovir

The reverse-transcriptase inhibitor lamivudine (Zeffix, GlaxoSmithKline) is often used to treat chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) until resistance develops. Treatment may then be switched to the reverse-transcriptase inhibitor adefovir (Hepsera, Gilead), which has a lower frequency of resistance. Here, we describe three cases of primary adefovir resistance that were sensitive to tenofovir (Viread, Gilead). All three cases involved a rare HBV variant with a valine at position 233 of the reverse-transcriptase domain instead of isoleucine (rtI233V), as in the wild-type virus. This HBV variant also displayed resistance to adefovir and sensitivity to tenofovir in vitro

Integrative genomic analyses reveal an androgen-driven somatic alteration landscape in early-onset prostate cancer

Early-onset prostate cancer (EO-PCA) represents the earliest clinical manifestation of prostate cancer. To compare the genomic alteration landscapes of EO-PCA with "classical" (elderly-onset) PCA, we performed deep sequencing-based genomics analyses in 11 tumors diagnosed at young age, and pursued comparative assessments with seven elderly-onset PCA genomes. Remarkable age-related differences in structural rearrangement (SR) formation became evident, suggesting distinct disease pathomechanisms. Whereas EO-PCAs harbored a prevalence of balanced SRs, with a specific abundance of androgen-regulated ETS gene fusions including TMPRSS2:ERG, elderly-onset PCAs displayed primarily non-androgen-associated SRs. Data from a validation cohort of > 10,000 patients showed age-dependent androgen receptor levels and a prevalence of SRs affecting androgen-regulated genes, further substantiating the activity of a characteristic "androgen-type" pathomechanism in EO-PCA

RNAi for Treating Hepatitis B Viral Infection

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the leading causes of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Current treatment strategies of HBV infection including the use of interferon (IFN)-α and nucleotide analogues such as lamivudine and adefovir have met with only partial success. Therefore, it is necessary to develop more effective antiviral therapies that can clear HBV infection with fewer side effects. RNA interference (RNAi), by which a small interfering RNA (siRNA) induces the gene silence at a post-transcriptional level, has the potential of treating HBV infection. The successful use of chemically synthesized siRNA, endogenous expression of small hairpin RNA (shRNA) or microRNA (miRNA) to silence the target gene make this technology towards a potentially rational therapeutics for HBV infection. However, several challenges including poor siRNA stability, inefficient cellular uptake, widespread biodistribution and non-specific effects need to be overcome. In this review, we discuss several strategies for improving the anti-HBV therapeutic efficacy of siRNAs, while avoiding their off-target effects and immunostimulation. There is an in-depth discussion on the (1) mechanisms of RNAi, (2) methods for siRNA/shRNA production, (3) barriers to RNAi-based therapies, and (4) delivery strategies of siRNA for treating HBV infection

Mechanical properties of sputter-deposited titanium-silicon-carbon films

The effect of SiC additions on the mechanical properties of TiC films was investigated. Ti-Si-C films with varying SiC content were deposited using dual-cathode radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. The nanoindentation hardness of these films increased with SIC content to a maximum of 20-22 GPa for films in the range of 15-30 at,% SiC. The elastic modulus was also measured, and the hardness to modulus ratio (H/E) increased with SiC content, indicating that hardness increases were due to microstructural effects. The residual stress,vas measured in several films, but was low in magnitude, indicating that hardness measurements were not influenced by residual stress. TEM examination of several films revealed that the SiC additions altered the film microstructure in a manner that could account for the observed hardness increases

Spread of Hepatitis B Viruses In Vitro Requires Extracellular Progeny and May Be Codetermined by Polarized Egress

Viruses can spread by different mechanisms: via intracellular particles through cell junctions to neighboring cells or via secreted virions to adjacent or remote cells. The observation of clusters of hepadnavirus-infected cells both in vivo and in primary hepatocytes neither proves the first mechanism nor excludes the second. In order to test which mechanism, if not both, is used by hepatitis B viruses in order to spread, we used primary duck hepatocytes and duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) as an infection model. If extracellular progeny virus alone determines spreading, neutralizing antisera or drugs blocking virus binding to hepatocytes should abolish secondary infection. In order to test this, we used DHBV envelope-specific neutralizing antisera, as well as suramin, a known inhibitor of infection. Both reagents strongly reduced hepatocellular attachment of viral particles and almost completely abolished primary infection, whereas an ongoing intracellular infection was not affected as long as no progeny virus was released. In contrast, incubation of infected primary hepatocytes with these reagents during release of progeny virus completely prevented secondary infection. Moreover, the combination of electron and immunofluorescence microscopy analyses revealed the residence of viral particles in cytoplasmic vesicles preferentially located near the basolateral membrane of infected hepatocytes. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that hepatitis B viruses mainly spread by secreted, extracellular progeny and point to polarized egress of viral particles into intercellular compartments, which restricts their diffusion and favors transmission of virus to adjacent cells

Structure and mechanical properties of Ti-Si-C coatings deposited by magnetron sputtering

Nanostructured coatings consisting of mixed carbide phases can provide a potential means to developing superhard coatings. Heterogeneous nanostructured coatings can be obtained by either deposition of multilayer structures or by depositing film compositions that undergo a natural phase separation due to thermodynamic immiscibility. In the present work, we have taken the latter approach, and deposited films by radio frequency cosputtering from dual carbide targets. We have examined a number of ternary carbide systems, and here we report the results obtained on Ti-Si-C films with a nominal (Ti1-xSix)C stoichiometry and with x less than or equal to0.31. It was found that the nanoindentation hardness increased with Si content, and the maximum hardness achieved was nearly twice that of sputter-deposited TiC. We further analyzed these films using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and x-ray diffraction. Since cubic SiC has an x-ray pattern almost identical to that of TiC, the extent of phase separation could not be determined by that method. However, XRD did demonstrate a general disordering of the films with increasing SiC content. In addition, a mottled structure was observed in high-resolution TEM images of the Si-containing films, confirming microstructural effects due to the Si additions. (C) 2001 American Vacuum Society

Beta-L-N4-Hydroxycytosin-Desoxynucleoside und ihre Verwendung als pharmazeutische Mittel zur Prophylaxe oder Therapie von viralen Erkrankungen [Beta-L-N4-hydroxycytosine deoxynucleosides and their use as pharmaceutical agents in the prophylaxis or therapy of viral diseases]

Die Erfindung betrifft beta-L-N4-Hydroxycytosin-Nukleoside und pharmazeutische Mittel, die diese umfassen, und die Verwendung der beta-L-N4-Hydroxycytosin-Nukleoside und der pharmazeutischen Mittel zur Prophylaxe oder Therapie einer durch das Hepatitis B-Virus (HBV) bzw. das Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) verursachten Infektion, die Erfindung betrifft auch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der beta-L-Nukleosid-Analoga