Considering the impact of situation-specific motivations and constraints in the design of naturally ventilated and hybrid buildings

A simple logical model of the interaction between a building and its occupants is presented based on the principle that if free to do so, people will adjust their posture, clothing or available building controls (windows, blinds, doors, fans, and thermostats) with the aim of achieving or restoring comfort and reducing discomfort. These adjustments are related to building design in two ways: first the freedom to adjust depends on the availability and ease-of-use of control options; second the use of controls affects building comfort and energy performance. Hence it is essential that these interactions are considered in the design process. The model captures occupant use of controls in response to thermal stimuli (too warm, too cold etc.) and non-thermal stimuli (e.g. desire for fresh air). The situation-specific motivations and constraints on control use are represented through trigger temperatures at which control actions occur, motivations are included as negative constraints and incorporated into a single constraint value describing the specifics of each situation. The values of constraints are quantified for a range of existing buildings in Europe and Pakistan. The integration of the model within a design flow is proposed and the impact of different levels of constraints demonstrated. It is proposed that to minimise energy use and maximise comfort in naturally ventilated and hybrid buildings the designer should take the following steps: 1. Provide unconstrained low energy adaptive control options where possible, 2. Avoid problems with indoor air quality which provide motivations for excessive ventilation rates, 3. Incorporate situation-specific adaptive behaviour of occupants in design simulations, 4. Analyse the robustness of designs against variations in patterns of use and climate, and 5. Incorporate appropriate comfort standards into the operational building controls (e.g. BEMS)

Pengaruh Pemberian Kombinasi Kegel Exercise Dan Bridging Exercise Terhadap Perubahan Frekuensi Inkontinensia Urin Pada Lanjut Usia Di Yayasan Batara Hati Mulia Gowa

Elderly is the stage of life process that characterized by decreasing in the body ability, so that there are many changes in anatomical and physiological, including changes in neurology, musculoskeletal, and bladder. It has an impact on weakness of pelvic muscles that cause urinary incontinence due to urethral sphincter muscle inadequate as an effort to prevent urine leakage. The treatment is performed by giving direct pelvic floor muscle support and the overall core muscle through exercises.The aim of this study is to determine the combination effect of kegel exercise and bridging excerise on changes in urinary incontinence in the elderly. This study is a pre-experimental design, with one group pretest-posttest design approach. The population is all the elderly at Batara Hati Mulia Foundation, Gowa and takes 13 people from purposive sampling technique.The Data was collected by taking primary data through interviews and based on ordinal scale frequency of urinary incontinence. This study was performed for 6 weeks by 18 exercise sessions. A paired T test is performed as statistical test and the results of pre-test and post-test analysis increased the frequency of urinary incontinence with value of p ;0,000. It shows that the combination of kegel exercise and bridging exercise has an effect on changes in frequency of urinary incontinence in the elderly. &nbsp

Optimization of injection molding parameter of ti-6al-4v powder mix with palm stearin and polyethylene for the highest green strength by using taguchi method

This paper present the Taguchi method of L27 (313) orthogonal array as a tool in optimization of Metal injection molding (MIM) parameters for the highest green strength. Injection pressure, injection temperature, powder loading, mold temperature, holding pressure and injection speed are Parameters to be optimized. Besides those, interaction of the injection pressure, injection temperature and powder loading were studied. The metal powder of Ti-6Al-4V is mixed with binder 60wt% of palm stearin and 40wt% of polyethylene successfully injected at optimum parameter condition: 350 bar of injection pressure, 140oc of injection temperature, 65vol% of powder loading, 50oc of mold temperature, 600 bar of holding pressure, and 10ccm/s of the injection rate. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the best signal to noise ratio (S/N) presents the contribution of the parameters to the quality characteristic (green strength). Results show that the mold temperature has highest significant percentage (27.59%) followed by powder loading (15.44%) and injection pressure (12.30%) Nevertheless, the analysis of variance does not show any contribution from interaction

Development of an adaptive window-opening algorithm to predict the thermal comfort, energy use and overheating in buildings

This investigation of the window opening data from extensive field surveys in UK office buildings demonstrates: 1) how people control the indoor environment by opening windows; 2) the cooling potential of opening windows; and 3) the use of an ‘adaptive algorithm’ for predicting window opening behaviour for thermal simulation in ESP-r. It was found that when the window was open the mean indoor and outdoor temperatures were higher than when closed, but show that nonetheless there was a useful cooling effect from opening a window. The adaptive algorithm for window opening behaviour was then used in thermal simulation studies for some typical office designs. The thermal simulation results were in general agreement with the findings of the field surveys. The adaptive algorithm is shown to provide insights not available using non adaptive simulation methods and can assist in achieving more comfortable, lower energy buildings while avoiding overheating

Comfort driven adaptive window opening behaviour and the influence of building design

It is important to understand and model the behaviour of occupants in buildings and how this behaviour impacts energy use and comfort. It is similarly important to understand how a buildings design affects occupant comfort, occupant behaviour and ultimately the energy used in the operation of the building. In this work a behavioural algorithm for window opening developed from field survey data has been implemented in a dynamic simulation tool. The algorithm is in alignment with the proposed CEN standard for adaptive thermal comfort. The algorithm is first compared to the field study data then used to illustrate the impact of adaptive behaviour on summer indoor temperatures and heating energy. The simulation model is also used to illustrate the sensitivity of the occupant adaptive behaviour to building design parameters such as solar shading and thermal mass and the resulting impact on energy use and comfort. The results are compared to those from other approaches to model window opening behaviour. The adaptive algorithm is shown to provide insights not available using non adaptive simulation methods and can assist in achieving more comfortable and lower energy buildings

Location of voltage sag source by using artificial neural network

Power quality (PQ) is a major concern for number of electrical equipment such as sophisticated electronics equipment, high efficiency variable speed drive (VSD) and power electronic controller. The most common power quality event is the voltage sag. The objective is to estimate the location of voltage sag source using ANN. In this paper, the multi-monitor based method is used. Based on the simulation results, the voltage deviation (VD) index of voltage sag is calculated and assigned as a training data for ANN. The Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN) is used due to its superior performances (lower training time and errors). The three types of performance analysis considered are coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE) and sum of square error (SSE). The RBFN is developed by using MATLAB software. The proposed method is tested on the CIVANLAR distribution test system and the Permas Jaya distribution network. The voltage sags are simulated using Power World software which is a common simulation tool for power system analysis. The asymmetrical fault namely line to ground (LG) fault, double line to ground (LLG) fault and line to line (LL) fault are applied in the simulation. Based on the simulation results of voltage sag analysis, the highest VD is contributed by LLG for both test systems. Based on the proposed RBFN results, the best performance analysis are R2, RMSE and SSE of 0.9999, 5.24E-04 and 3.90E-05, respectively. Based on the results, the highest VD shows the location of voltage sag source in that system. The proposed RBFN accurately identifies the location of voltage sag source for both test systems

ANALISIS NILAI-NILAI PSIKOLOGIS PADA KESENIAN WAYANG AJEN BEKASI

Diketahui terdapat satu bentuk kesenian wayang kontemporer yang sangat unik yaitu kesenian wayang ajen. Keunikan wayang ajen terletak pada ceritanya yang mengangkat isu-isu terkini, gerakan wayang yang dimainkan dalang, dan juga terletak pada tata panggung yang lebih modern (menggunakan lighting, dan audio visual yang menarik). Dalam pertunjukannya berusaha meyisipkan pesan bermakna bagi perbaikan ataupun peningkatan kehidupan masyarakat yang menikmatinya (pesan untuk menghadapi situasi yang sedang berkembang). Belum ditemukan kajian yang membahasnya melalui pendekatan keilmuan psikologi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menggali secara kualitatif tentang proses-proses aktivitas dan peristiwa yang mengandung nilai-nilai psikologis pada kesenian wayang ajen. Penggaliannya dilakukan dengan melibatkan dua narasumber penting yang berperan dalam penciptaan kesenian wayang ajen, dan juga dalam pengembangannya sebagai seni pertunjukan yang progresif, dan unit analisis lainnya (tayangan pertunjukan dan dokumentasi cetak). Hasil penelitian memperoleh tema-tema yang berkaitan dengan sejarah kesenian wayang ajen dan nilai-nilai psikologis wayang ajen yaitu; pertama nilai sosiologis-psikologis, kedua Nilai 4R (Raga, rasa, rasio, dan roh), ketiga nilai moral dan spiritual, keempat pendekatan psikologi sosial (reorganisasi kognitif, reorganisasi emosi, dan perubahan perilaku sosial). Kesemua hasil tersebut menjelaskan bahwa pertunjukan kesenian wayang ajen dapat menjadi media psikososial-edukasi untuk menyampaikan nilai-nilai kehidupan yang bermanfaat

Rupat Beach Theme Park dengan Pendekatan Arsitektur Post Modern - Pastiche

Rupat Beach Theme Park is a medium beach recreation forum in the Rupat subdistrict, which has function as a family holiday place, specially for Riau society and the regional around it. Geographically, the position of Rupat Island is very strategic, because it is located between the International trade route. This island is also located between two important place, they are Bandarkuna Malaka in the east side, and Sumatera Island as the place which produce various nature properties in the west side. This design use the part of the post modern architecture as a theme, this is metaphor, and the concept is pastiche, whichis the intend of this concept is to move one element (atmosphere, decorative manner, building mass form ), or a group of element from a place to the other. In this design there are some element which be moved, which come from 5 country in the south east Asia (Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, and Indonesia), from each country, we take one or two part which will be pastiche-ly. The conclusion which we get from this design of Rupat Beach Theme Park are: Giving the clear limit from each zone based on function which have beendetermined, balancing the position of games forum and the building function, and the application of pastiche concept which has been applied on each of building mass

Kantor Sewa di Dumai dengan Pendekatan Eko-Arsitektur

Economic growth in Dumai City induce the business world characterized by the growth of industrial companies in the region. This affects the growth of the property sector, one of which is the increase in demand for office space and facilities. The Rent Office in Dumai is a means by which companies are directed against the run of office management to improve both the economic sector of the company itself as well as the economic territory of the Dumai city. In the design of the Rent Office, design approach emphasizes the design principles of eco-architecture with the aim of building a more designed to work together in an effort to notice the condition of the surrounding environment. But to direct more into the design of this specific concept then applied the concept of "eco-radial" which is the combination concept of ecological design criteria for the design and implementation of a radial pattern to the transformation of the building mass. Ecology has design principles such as: (1) Save energy, (2) Natural Esthetics; (3) Natural aeration; (4) Responsive to the orientation of the Sun, and (5) Humanism. then fitting when in the wake of Dumai in office rents must have criteria that meet the needs of companies in Dumai and also with the application of this concept can realize the rental office that leads to sustainable development (sustainable design)

Assessment of Pesticide Use in Major Vegetables From Farmers\u27 Perception and Knowledge in Dhading District, Nepal

A field study was carried out to assess the pesticide use status in major vegetable crops from farmers\u27 perception and knowledge in Dhading, Nepal in 2019. Field study was carried with 100 commercial farmer\u27s using semi-structure questionnaire by face to face interview. This study was analyzed by categorization of farmers into small holder (51) and large holder (49) groups on the basis of mean area of vegetable cultivation (6.48 ropani). The highest amount of pesticides is needed in tomato in both large holders and small holders according to the farmer\u27s experience. Among the study farmer\u27s, 41% of them spray the pesticides by making a cocktail or mixed method and 56%  follow the waiting period of 3-5 days in both of the cases. A significant positive correlation was found at 5% level of significance between the knowledge and practice pattern of waiting period of the pesticides and negative correlation was found between the Personal Protective equipment score and health hazard score. Headache was the major health hazards faced by the farmers which was higher in small holders (66.7%) as compared to the large holders (46.9%). Mask was the most used PPE by the farmer\u27s i.e. by 83% in overall. Fourty three percent of the farmer\u27s throw the pesticide containers in secret place after using of it.The use of PPE was seen lower in small holders as compared to the large holders. This study reveals the necessities of suitable program and policies regarding the knowledge, safe handling and use of pesticide among the farmer\u27s level