MS

thesisIn preparing this thesis, some of the prominent coal mines in the states of Utah, Wyoming and Colorado were visited. These included the Sunnyside, Castle Gate, Geneva Coal and Kenilworth mines in Utah; the D. 0. Clark, Reliance, and Stansbury mines in Wyoming; and the Imperial and Eagle mines in Colorado. The first part of the thesis contains descriptive information of each mine. This includes the stratigraphy and geology of the respective areas and also the mining methods and types of equipment employed underground. Also presented is a criticism of certain systems as used under the certain prevailing conditions. The second part is mainly a comparison involving Economics;, safety, recovery percentage and the production rates of the mines. These are compared with a view to the methods being used underground. All of the mines studied have adopted the room-and-pillar method with the use of shaking conveyors, mobile loaders or a combination of the two. Therefore, the specific comparisons are based chiefly on the adaptability and productivity of the systems employed under the prevailingnatural or physical conditions. However, the factors involved in comparing the mining methods are so complex and variable that ideal exactitude is difficult

Upstream structural management measures for an urban area flooding in Turkey

In recent years, flooding has become an increasing concern across many parts of the world of both the general public and their governments. The climate change inducing more intense rainfall events occurring in short period of time lead flooding in rural and urban areas. In this study the flood modelling in an urbanized area, namely Samsun-Terme in Blacksea region of Turkey is performed. MIKE21 with flexible grid is used in 2-dimensional shallow water flow modelling. 1 x 1000(-1) scaled maps with the buildings for the urbanized area and 1 x 5000(-1) scaled maps for the rural parts are used to obtain DTM needed in the flood modelling. The bathymetry of the river is obtained from additional surveys. The main river passing through the urbanized area has a capacity of 500 m(3) s(-1) according to the design discharge obtained by simple ungauged discharge estimation depending on catchment area only. The upstream structural base precautions against flooding are modelled. The effect of four main upstream catchments on the flooding in the downstream urban area are modelled as different scenarios. It is observed that if the flow from the upstream catchments can be retarded through a detention pond constructed in one of the upstream catchments, estimated Q(100) flood can be conveyed by the river without overtopping from the river channel. The operation of the upstream detention ponds and the scenarios to convey Q(500) without causing flooding are also presented. Structural management measures to address changes in flood characteristics in water management planning are discussed

Prometheus from the Ancient Greek Mythology to the Servet-i Fünun Literature

Antik Yunan mitolojisi, yüzyıllardır sanat, edebiyat ve kültür dünyasını etkilemektedir. Örneğin Prometheus, Olympos’tan ateşi çalıp insanlara vermiş, insanların ilerlemesi için kendini feda etmiş, çağlar boyunca da birçok sanatçıyı mitik kişiliğiyle etkilemiştir.Gerçekten de Hesiodos’tan başlayarak modern çağlara kadar Prometheus mitosunun sembolik dili, her dönemin sanatçıları açısından farklı farklı yorumlarla günümüze taşınmıştır. Biz bu yazıda, çağlar boyunca birçok sanatçıya ilham veren Prometheus mitosunun günümüze taşınmış yorumlarını tek tek sunarak, özellikle Tevfik Fikret’in “Promete” adlı şiiri üzerindeki etkisini incelemeye çalışacağız.Ancient Greek mythology has been affecting the world of art litterature and culture for centuries. Prometheus, for instance, stealing the firer from the Olympos, giving it to humankind and sacrificing himself for the advancement of humanity, impressed many artists with his mythical personalitly through ages. Indeed starting from Hesiod to the modern ages, symbolic language of the Prometheus myth has been brought to present day with different interpretations of the artists of every age. In this study all interpretations of the myth of Prometheus which inspired many artists will be introduced and especially its effect on the Tevfik Fikret’s “Promete” poem will be studied

Upstream structural management measures for an urban area flooding in Turkey

In recent years, flooding has become an increasing concern across many parts of the world of both the general public and their governments. The climate change inducing more intense rainfall events occurring in short period of time lead flooding in rural and urban areas. In this study the flood modelling in an urbanized area, namely Samsun-Terme in Blacksea region of Turkey is performed. MIKE21 with flexible grid is used in 2-dimensional shallow water flow modelling. 1 × 1000−1 scaled maps with the buildings for the urbanized area and 1 × 5000−1 scaled maps for the rural parts are used to obtain DTM needed in the flood modelling. The bathymetry of the river is obtained from additional surveys. The main river passing through the urbanized area has a capacity of 500 m3 s−1 according to the design discharge obtained by simple ungauged discharge estimation depending on catchment area only. The upstream structural base precautions against flooding are modelled. The effect of four main upstream catchments on the flooding in the downstream urban area are modelled as different scenarios. It is observed that if the flow from the upstream catchments can be retarded through a detention pond constructed in one of the upstream catchments, estimated Q100 flood can be conveyed by the river without overtopping from the river channel. The operation of the upstream detention ponds and the scenarios to convey Q500 without causing flooding are also presented. Structural management measures to address changes in flood characteristics in water management planning are discussed

Genital ulcer severity score and genital health quality of life in Behçet's disease

Background: Behçet's Disease (BD) is a chronic auto-inflammatory, multisystem relapsing/remitting disorder of unknown aetiology. Oro-genital ulceration is a key feature of the disease and has a major impact on the patients' quality of life. Other clinical manifestations include ocular inflammation, rheumatologic and skin involvement, while CNS and vascular complications can lead to considerable morbidity. The availability of a valid monitoring tool for BD activity is crucial in evaluating the impact of the disease on daily life activity. The aims of this study were to validate a novel tool for monitoring genital ulceration severity in BD and to assess the impact of genital ulcers on the Genital Health Quality of Life (GHQoL). Methods: Genital Ulcer Severity Score (GUSS) was developed using six genital ulcer characteristics: number, size, duration, ulcer-free period, pain and site. A total of 207 BD patients were examined, (137 females: mean age∈±∈SD: 39.83∈±∈13.42 and 70 males: mean age∈±∈SD: 39.98∈±∈11.95) from the multidisciplinary Behçet's Centre of Excellence at Barts Health NHS Trust. GUSS was used in conjunction with Behçet's Disease Current Activity Form (BDCAF). Results: The over-all score of GUSS showed a strong correlation with all genital ulcer characteristics, and the strongest correlation was with the pain domain (r∈=∈0.936; P∈2: 0.600; P∈<∈0.0001). Conclusions: This study established the practicality of GUSS as a severity monitoring tool for BD genital ulcers and validated its use in 207 patients. Genital ulcers of BD have a considerable impact on the patients GHQoL

Hydroxychloroquine in rheumatic autoimmune disorders and beyond

Initially used as antimalarial drugs, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and, to a lesser extent, chloroquine (CQ) are currently being used to treat several diseases. Due to its cost-effectiveness, safety and efficacy, HCQ is especially used in rheumatic autoimmune disorders (RADs), such as systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjögren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. Despite this widespread use in the clinic, HCQ molecular modes of action are still not completely understood. By influencing several cellular pathways through different mechanisms, CQ and HCQ inhibit multiple endolysosomal functions, including autophagy, as well as endosomal Toll-like receptor activation and calcium signalling. These effects alter several aspects of the immune system with the synergistic consequence of reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production and release, one of the most marked symptoms of RADs. Here, we review the current knowledge on the molecular modes of action of these drugs and the circumstances under which they trigger side effects. This is of particular importance as the therapeutic use of HCQ is expanding beyond the treatment of malaria and RADs

Games with capacity manipulation: Incentives and Nash equilibria

Studying the interactions between preference and capacity manipulation in matching markets, we prove that acyclicity is a necessary and sufficient condition that guarantees the stability of a Nash equilibrium and the strategy-proofness of truthful capacity revelation under the hospital-optimal and intern-optimal stable rules. We then introduce generalized games of manipulation in which hospitals move first and state their capacities, and interns are subsequently assigned to hospitals using a sequential mechanism. In this setting, we first consider stable revelation mechanisms and introduce conditions guaranteeing the stability of the outcome. Next, we prove that every stable non-revelation mechanism leads to unstable allocations, unless restrictions on the preferences of the agents are introduced