The role of market orientation and innovation capability in export performance of small-and medium-sized enterprises: a Latin American perspective

Purpose - This study aims to extend the existing base of knowledge of proactive and reactive market orientation and innovation capability by testing their impact on the export performance of emerging-market small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in a Latin American context. Design/methodology/approach - This paper is a replication study, and its data were collected through a survey answered by general, marketing, sales or export managers at 155 Mexican SMEs. The research model was tested using partial least squares. Findings - The study results indicate that innovation capability and reactive market orientation are drivers of export performance in Latin American SMEs. Moreover, proactive market orientation has been found to have an indirect effect on export results. Practical implications - This study highlights to managers of Latin American SMEs the importance of capability development and deployment to improve export performance. Social implications - SMEs enabled by strategic and technological innovation based on current and latent customer needs can advantageously perform in foreign markets and can drive economic growth and social and human development in Latin America. Originality/value - Recent studies have focused on emerging-market enterprises and the necessity of developing dynamic capabilities to achieve internationalisation. This study extends previous research by assessing the robustness and generalizability of drivers in export performance for manufacturing SMEs in Latin America. In particular, it provides empirical insights on the capabilities to develop by Latin American SMEs to achieve better export performance

The role of ν\nu-induced reactions on lead and iron in neutrino detectors

We have calculated cross sections and branching ratios for neutrino induced reactions on ^{208}Pb and ^{56}Fe for various supernova and accelerator-relevant neutrino spectra. This was motivated by the facts that lead and iron will be used on one hand as target materials in future neutrino detectors, on the other hand have been and are still used as shielding materials in accelerator-based experiments. In particular we study the inclusive ^{56}$Fe(\nu_e,e^-)$^{56}Co and ^{208}$Pb(\nu_e,e^-)$^{208}Bi cross sections and calculate the neutron energy spectra following the decay of the daughter nuclei. These reactions give a potential background signal in the KARMEN and LSND experiment and are discussed as a detection scheme for supernova neutrinos in the proposed OMNIS and LAND detectors. We also study the neutron-emission following the neutrino-induced neutral-current excitation of ^{56}Fe and ^{208}Pb.Comment: 23 pages (including 7 figures

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Muon capture on nuclei with N > Z, random phase approximation, and in-medium renormalization of the axial-vector coupling constant

We use the random phase approximation to describe the muon capture rate on ${}^{44}$Ca,${}^{48}$Ca, ${}^{56}$Fe, ${}^{90}$Zr, and ${}^{208}$Pb. With ${}^{40}$Ca as a test case, we show that the Continuum Random Phase Approximation (CRPA) and the standard RPA give essentially equivalent descriptions of the muon capture process. Using the standard RPA with the free nucleon weak form factors we reproduce the experimental total capture rates on these nuclei quite well. Confirming our previous CRPA result for the $N = Z$ nuclei, we find that the calculated rates would be significantly lower than the data if the in-medium quenching of the axial-vector coupling constant were employed.Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev.

Meta‐analytic structural equation modeling made easy: A tutorial and web application for one‐stage MASEM

Meta‐analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) refers to fitting structural equation models (SEMs) (such as path models or factor models) to meta‐analytic data. Currently, fitting MASEMs may be challenging for researchers that are not accustomed to working with R software and packages. Therefore, we developed webMASEM; a web application for MASEM. This app implements the one‐stage MASEM approach, and allows users to apply MASEM in a user‐friendly way. The aim of this article is to provide a tutorial on one‐stage MASEM and a practical guide to webMASEM. We will pay specific attention to how the data should be structured and prepared for webMASEM, because mistakes in this step may lead to faulty results without receiving an error message. The use of webMASEM is illustrated with an analysis of a meta‐analytic path model in which the path coefficients are moderated by a study‐level variable, a meta‐analytic factor model in which the factor loadings are moderated by a study‐level variable, and a meta‐analytic panel model in which the effects are moderated by a study‐level variable. All used datafiles and R scripts are available online

Signal for supernova νμ\nu_\mu and ντ\nu_\tau neutrinos in water \v{C}erenkov detectors

We suggest that photons with energies between 5 and 10 MeV, generated by the ($\nu,\nu'p\gamma$) and ($\nu,\nu'n\gamma$) reactions on $^{16}$O, constitute a signal which allows a unique identification of supernova $\nu_\mu$ and $\nu_\tau$ neutrinos in water \v{C}erenkov detectors. We calculate the yield of such $\gamma$ events and estimate that a few hundred of them would be detected in Superkamiokande for a supernova at 10 kpc distance.Comment: 8 pages, RevTex 3.0, figures and text available at http://www.krl.caltech.edu/preprints/MAP.htm

"Be active!" Revisiting the South African Food Based Dietary Guidelines for activity

The objective of this paper was to review current evidence on physical activity for health in order to support the foodbased dietary guideline (FBDG) “Be active!”. Physical activity, defined as at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per day for adults, and 60 minutes for children and adolescents, is advised in the FBDG because of the role it plays in maintaining energy balance, improving body composition and promoting general health and wellbeing. The reviewed outcome measures are changes in physical activity patterns and the reported prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in South Africa. Despite the previous set of FBDGs, no improvements in physical activity, obesity or NCDs have been reported in South Africa. Recent literature emphasises the beneficial effects of physical activity on the reduction of risk factors associated with the prevalence of NCDs. Physical activity has a positive effect on appetite and weight control, insulin sensitivity, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, stress relief and burnout. Barriers that prevent children and adults from participating in regular physical activity have been identified, and recommendations how to overcome these have been made. It has been concluded that South Africans are not sufficiently physically active for their general health status to be improved. It is recommended that methods to promote physical activity at national, provincial, district and local level need to be developed, implemented and sustained

Untersuchungen zur nachhaltigen Sicherung der Humusgehalte in Sachsen

Der organische Kohlenstoff ist Hauptbestandteil des Humus und wird als Maß für den Humusgehalt eines Bodens verwendet. Der Humusgehalt des Bodens ist für die Bodenstruktur, als Nährstoffspeicher und für die Nährstoffdynamik bedeutend. Der Humusumsatz und damit die Nährstoffdynamik eines Standortes ist vom Klima, vom Boden und der Bewirtschaftung abhängig. Das Ausmaß des Humusaufbaus oder -abbaus durch die landwirtschaftliche Bewirtschaftung wird durch die Standorteigenschaften geprägt. Die Untersuchungen zur nachhaltigen Sicherung der Humusgehalte in Sachsen werden u.a. unter den Aspekten verengter Fruchtfolgen, NaWaRo-Anbau, hoher Tierbestände und Klimawandeleinfluss durchgeführt. Zur Erfassung und Bewertung des Ist-Zustandes der Humusversorgung werden Datengrundlagen von zwei unterschiedlichen räumlichen Ebenen genutzt. Zum einen werden konkrete Betriebsdaten verwendet (Betriebsebene), zum anderen erfolgt die Bilanzierung aufbauend auf Statistiken landwirtschaftlicher Vergleichsgebiete (Regionalebene). Die Bilanzierungen werden mit verschiedenen Methoden (z.B. VDLUFA, BEFU, CCB) durchgeführt. Daraus werden betriebliche Handlungsvorschläge zum optimalen Management des Humusumsatzes und der Hauptnährstoffe abgeleitet. In dem Beitrag wird die methodische Vorgehensweise auf zwei unterschiedlichen räumlichen Ebenen dargestellt. Es wird aufgezeigt, wie mit unscharfen Bewirtschaftungsinformationen auf der Regionalebene im Rahmen einer Unsicherheitsanalyse umgegangen wird. Der methodische Ansatz ist auf andere Bundesländer übertragbar

Monitoring surface resonances on Co2MnSi(100) by spin-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy

The magnitude of the spin polarization at the Fermi level of ferromagnetic materials at room temperature is a key property for spintronics. Investigating the Heusler compound Co$_2$MnSi a value of 93$\%$ for the spin polarization has been observed at room temperature, where the high spin polarization is related to a stable surface resonance in the majority band extending deep into the bulk. In particular, we identified in our spectroscopical analysis that this surface resonance is embedded in the bulk continuum with a strong coupling to the majority bulk states. The resonance behaves very bulk-like, as it extends over the first six atomic layers of the corresponding (001)-surface. Our study includes experimental investigations, where the bulk electronic structure as well as surface-related features have been investigated using spin-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (SR-UPS) and for a larger probing depth spin-integrated high energy x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (HAXPES). The results are interpreted in comparison with first-principles band structure and photoemission calculations which consider all relativistic, surface and high-energy effects properly.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, Heusler alloy, electronic structure and photoemissio