PLAN DE NEGOCIOS DE UN CIRCUITO AGROTURÍSTICO DEL CAFÉ PLUMA COMO ESTRATEGIA DE DESARROLLO TERRITORIAL EN EL MUNICIPIO DE PLUMA HIDALGO, OAXACA, MÉXICO

During the period from March 2015 to November 2016, an empirical case study was conducted, with a participatory approach, in the municipality of Pluma Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Mexico. The aim was to propose a business plan for productive diversification of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) production through agro-tourism. The results show that there is a base of natural and cultural resources, a collective organization, an emblematic resource linked to the territory (coffee Pluma), a network of goods and services and a potential market that determine the feasibility of the agrotourism proposal. It is concluded that planning is a substantive activity for the development of the agrotourism business and that this must be shared by various sectors of society that are interested, among which is the community, academia, public institutions and conscious tourists.Durante el periodo de marzo del año 2015 a noviembre de 2016 se desarrolló un estudio de caso, de carácter empírico con enfoque participativo en el municipio de Pluma Hidalgo, Oaxaca, México. El objetivo fue proponer un plan de negocios para la diversificación productiva de la producción de café (Coffea arabica L.), a través del agroturismo. Los resultados muestran que existe una línea base de recursos naturales y culturales, una organización colectiva, un recurso emblemático ligado al territorio (café Pluma), un entramado de bienes y servicios y un mercado potencial que determinan la factibilidad de la propuesta agroturística. Se concluye que la planificación es una actividad sustantiva para el desarrollo del negocio agroturístico y que esta debe ser compartida por diversos sectores de la sociedad que resulten interesados, entre los que se encuentra la comunidad, la academia, las instituciones públicas y los turistas responsables

TURISMO RURAL: ¿UNA OPORTUNIDAD PARA LA CONSERVACIÓN DEL BOSQUE DE NIEBLA?

Based on an interpretative approach, the deployment of tourism towards forest spaces, as a tendency of recreational  activities within the context of globalization, is discussed. The objective was to analyze the relationship between sustainable tourism and cloud forest, from the perspective of conservation. Therefore, tourism is conceived as a component of models of sustainable forest management, from the economic, social and environmental dimensions. For this purpose, a model that consists in information systems, territorial ordering and communication is outlined. It is concluded that tourism is an ambivalent activity for cloud forests, insofar as it entails risks and opportunities that may be reduced through processes of ordering, planning and regulation.Desde un enfoque interpretativo se discute el despliegue del turismo hacia los espacios forestales como una tendencia de las actividades recreativas en el contexto de la globalización. El objetivo fue analizar la relación entre turismo sostenible y bosque de niebla, desde la perspectiva de la conservación. De esta manera se concibe al turismo como un componente de modelos de gestión forestal sostenible, a partir de las dimensiones económica, social y ambiental. Para ello se esboza un modelo consistente en sistemas de información, ordenamiento territorial y comunicación. Se concluye que el turismo es una actividad ambivalente para los bosques de niebla, toda vez que entraña riesgos y oportunidades que pueden ser reducidos mediante procesos de ordenamiento, planificación y regulación

LA RELACIÓN ENTRE MARCA TERRITORIAL Y DESARROLLO LOCAL: ESTUDIO DE CASO DE UNA COMUNIDAD MATLATZINCA EN EL ALTIPLANO CENTRAL MEXICANO

This paper analyzes the participatory process of conformation of a territorial brand in a community of Central Mexican Plateau. Territorial brand strategies, based on communication, play a fundamental role in the processes of productive diversification of rural space. Through a literature review and a participatory approach, the process of constructing a territorial brand within a broader rural development strategy is shown. It is concluded that the territorial brand is an indispensable requirement for the development of rural tourism.El presente artículo analiza el proceso participativo de conformación de una marca territorial en una comunidad del altiplano central mexicano. Las estrategias de marca territorial, basadas en la comunicación, juegan un papel fundamental en los procesos de diversificación productiva del campo. A través de una revisión de literatura y un enfoque participativo, se muestra el proceso de construcción de una marca territorial dentro de una estrategia más amplia de desarrollo rural. Se concluye que la marca territorial es un requisito indispensable para el desarrollo del turismo rural

GESTIÓN TURÍSTICA DEL PATRIMONIO CULTURAL: EL CASO DE ETNIA MATLATZINCA EN EL ESTADO DE MÉXICO

This paper describes the implementation of a tourism management strategy for endogenous resources in the village called San Francisco Oxtotilpan, in the state of Mexico. It is a Matlatzinca community that has natural resources framed in a vast cultural richness, which has been maintained through the preservation of customs and traditions. A case study was carried out, with a focus on the action research methodology, with the purpose of identifying participatory heritage management processes in the implementation of rural tourism strategies. The application of a collaborative program, in which the inhabitants of the community participate, gave legitimacy to the actions carried out.En la presente investigación se describe la aplicación de una estrategia de gestión turística de los recursos patrimoniales en el poblado de San Francisco Oxtotilpan, Estado de México. Se trata de una comunidad matlatzinca que cuenta con recursos naturales enmarcados en una vasta riqueza cultural, que se han mantenido a través de la preservación de sus costumbres y tradiciones. Se desarrolló un estudio de caso, con un enfoque centrado en la metodología de investigación–acción, con el objetivo de identificar los procesos de gestión patrimonial participativa en la implementación de estrategias de turismo rural. La aplicación de un programa colaborativo, protagonizado por los habitantes de la comunidad otorgó legitimidad a las acciones desarrolladas

Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate

The report provides the comprehensive risk assessment of the substance Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). It has been prepared by Belgium in the frame of Council Regulation (EEC) No. 793/93 on the evaluation and control of the risks of existing substances, following the principles for assessment of the risks to humans and the environment, laid down in Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1488/94. Part I - Environment This part of the evaluation considers the emissions and the resulting exposure to the environment in all life cycle steps. Following the exposure assessment, the environmental risk characterisation for each protection goal in the aquatic, terrestrial and atmospheric compartment has been determined. The environmental risk assessment concludes that there is no concern. Part II ¿ Human Health This part of the evaluation considers the emissions and the resulting exposure to human populations in all life cycle steps. The scenarios for occupational exposure, consumer exposure and humans exposed via the environment have been examined and the possible risks have been identified. The human health risk assessment concludes that there is concern for workers and consumers with regard to irritation of skin, eye and respiratory tract, skin sensitisation and lung effects induced by repeated inhalation exposure. There is a need for further information and for testing (on hold) on the toxicity for fertility for workers and consumers. For humans exposed via the environment and for human health (physico-chemical properties) there is no concern. The conclusions of this report will lead to risk reduction measures to be proposed by the Commission¿s committee on risk reduction strategies set up in support of Council Regulation (EEC) N. 793/93.JRC.DDG.I.2-Chemical assessment and testin

Understanding and simulating the material behavior during multi-particle irradiations

A number of studies have suggested that the irradiation behavior and damage processes occurring during sequential and simultaneous particle irradiations can significantly differ. Currently, there is no definite answer as to why and when such differences are seen. Additionally, the conventional multi-particle irradiation facilities cannot correctly reproduce the complex irradiation scenarios experienced in a number of environments like space and nuclear reactors. Therefore, a better understanding of multi-particle irradiation problems and possible alternatives are needed. This study shows ionization induced thermal spike and defect recovery during sequential and simultaneous ion irradiation of amorphous silica. The simultaneous irradiation scenario is shown to be equivalent to multiple small sequential irradiation scenarios containing latent damage formation and recovery mechanisms. The results highlight the absence of any new damage mechanism and time-space correlation between various damage events during simultaneous irradiation of amorphous silica. This offers a new and convenient way to simulate and understand complex multi-particle irradiation problems

The Saffman-Taylor problem on a sphere

The Saffman-Taylor problem addresses the morphological instability of an interface separating two immiscible, viscous fluids when they move in a narrow gap between two flat parallel plates (Hele-Shaw cell). In this work, we extend the classic Saffman-Taylor situation, by considering the flow between two curved, closely spaced, concentric spheres (spherical Hele-Shaw cell). We derive the mode-coupling differential equation for the interface perturbation amplitudes and study both linear and nonlinear flow regimes. The effect of the spherical cell (positive) spatial curvature on the shape of the interfacial patterns is investigated. We show that stability properties of the fluid-fluid interface are sensitive to the curvature of the surface. In particular, it is found that positive spatial curvature inhibits finger tip-splitting. Hele-Shaw flow on weakly negative, curved surfaces is briefly discussed.Comment: 26 pages, 4 figures, RevTex, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Collision geometry scaling of Au+Au pseudorapidity density from sqrt(s_NN) = 19.6 to 200 GeV

The centrality dependence of the midrapidity charged particle multiplicity in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 19.6 and 200 GeV is presented. Within a simple model, the fraction of hard (scaling with number of binary collisions) to soft (scaling with number of participant pairs) interactions is consistent with a value of x = 0.13 +/- 0.01(stat) +/- 0.05(syst) at both energies. The experimental results at both energies, scaled by inelastic p(pbar)+p collision data, agree within systematic errors. The ratio of the data was found not to depend on centrality over the studied range and yields a simple linear scale factor of R_(200/19.6) = 2.03 +/- 0.02(stat) +/- 0.05(syst).Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PRC-R

Multiple Interactions and the Structure of Beam Remnants

Recent experimental data have established some of the basic features of multiple interactions in hadron-hadron collisions. The emphasis is therefore now shifting, to one of exploring more detailed aspects. Starting from a brief review of the current situation, a next-generation model is developed, wherein a detailed account is given of correlated flavour, colour, longitudinal and transverse momentum distributions, encompassing both the partons initiating perturbative interactions and the partons left in the beam remnants. Some of the main features are illustrated for the Tevatron and the LHC.Comment: 69pp, 33 figure