Non-Markovianity of local dephasing channels and time-invariant discord

We study non-Markovianity and information flow for qubits experiencing local dephasing with an Ohmic class spectrum. We demonstrate the existence of a temperature-dependent critical value of the Ohmicity parameter s for the onset of non-Markovianity and give a physical interpretation of this phenomenon by linking it to the form of the reservoir spectrum. We demonstrate that this link holds also for more general spectra. We unveil a class of initial states for which discord is forever frozen at a positive value. We connect time invariant discord to non-Markovianity and propose a physical system in which it could be observed

Generation of Suprathermal Electrons by Collective Processes in Collisional Plasma

The ubiquity of high-energy tails in the charged particle velocity distribution functions observed in space plasmas suggests the existence of an underlying process responsible for taking a fraction of the charged particle population out of thermal equilibrium and redistributing it to suprathermal velocity and energy ranges. The present Letter focuses on a new and fundamental physical explanation for the origin of suprathermal electron distribution function in a highly collisional plasma. This process involves a newly discovered electrostatic bremsstrahlung emission that is effective in a plasma in which binary collisions are present. The steady-state electron velocity distribution function dictated by such a process corresponds to a Maxwellian core plus a quasi-inverse power-law tail, which is a feature commonly observed in many space plasma environment. In order to demonstrate this, the system of self-consistent particle- and wave- kinetic equations are numerically solved with an initially Maxwellian electron velocity distribution and Langmuir wave spectral intensity, which is a state that does not reflect the presence of electrostatic bremsstrahlung process, and hence not in force balance. The electrostatic bremsstrahlung term subsequently drives the system to a new force-balanced steady state. After a long integration period it is demonstrated the initial Langmuir fluctuation spectrum is modified, which in turn distorts the initial Maxwellian electron distribution into a velocity distribution that resembles the said core-suprathermal velocity distribution. Such a mechanism may thus be operative at the coronal source region, which is characterized by high collisionality.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures. Published at: The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Volume 849, Number 2, L30. url: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa956

Performa Produksi Telur Turunan Pertama (F1) Persilangan Ayam Arab dan Ayam Kampung yang Diberi Ransum dengan Level Protein Berbeda

An experiment has been conducted to study the effect of diets with different level of protein on the production performance of offspring (F1) crossbred between arab and kampung chicken. Fifty four crossbreed hens of 20 weeks of age were used in the experiment. The hens were divided into 3 feeding groups, each 6 x 3 heads. Treatment diets were formulated in three different levels of protein: 15, 17 and 19 %. The diets which an average energy content of 2850 kcal/kg were offered for 8 weeks. Variable observed included: feed intake, hen day egg production, FCR, egg weight and color index of yellow egg. The data were statistically analyzed by variance analysis in completely block design with 3 treatments and 6 replicates. The results indicated the protein level had significant effect on all variables. Diet with 19 % crude protein gave the best performance

State Trends in Premiums and Deductibles, 2003-2009: How Building on the Affordable Care Act Will Help Stem the Tide of Rising Costs and Eroding Benefits

Examines 2003-09 state trends in family coverage premiums and deductibles for private employers. Looks at projected savings on premiums if the 2010 healthcare reform succeeds in slowing growth by 1 percentage point annually and weighs policy implications

Aiming Higher: Results From a State Scorecard on Health System Performance, 2009

Ranks states on thirty-eight indicators of healthcare access, prevention and treatment, avoidable hospital use and costs, equity, and healthy lives. Examines trends, including eroding adult insurance coverage, poor care coordination, and rising costs

Eye tracking data (Frequently Applied Designs)

Eye tracking can be used to record individual search processes on the Internet and the eye movements of subjects searching for information. These search processes combined with the gaze data can be examined by means of standardized content analysis.  Field of application/theoretical foundation: Reception, perception, and selection behavior on the Internet; selective exposure and framing effects studies; role of news factors in selection on the Internet References/combination with other methods of data collection: Zillich and Kessler (2019) evaluate and compare the method combination with the advantages and disadvantages of established methods for measuring selective exposure processes with regard to online information. Kessler and Guenther (2017), Kessler and Langmann (2020), and Kessler and Zillich (2019) combined the content analysis of eye tracking data with an online pre- and post-survey. Kessler and Engelmann (2019) compare findings on the role of news factors in online news selection from three different methods: standardized content analysis of eye tracking data, qualitative open survey, and standardized closed survey. Example studies: Kessler & Langmann (2020); Kessler & Engelmann (2019); Kessler & Zillich (2019); Kessler & Guenther (2017); Zillich & Kessler (2019)   Information on Kessler and Guenther (2017) Authors: Sabrina Heike Kessler & Lars Guenther                              Research question: Does individual online behavior (i.e., searching for and reading information) conform to previously presented media frames? How much impact do presented media frames have on different levels of individuals’ online searching for and on reading information? Object of analysis: In an experiment combining eye tracking and content analysis, participants (N = 72) were exposed to one of three TV clips with different media frames that focused on Alzheimer’s disease. After exposure, participants informed themselves about the issue online. The researchers examined the online search behavior via eye tracking while the participants searched for information, followed by a standardized content analysis of the eye tracking data. Timeframe of analysis: 2014 Codebook: in the appendix (in German) Info about variables Construct: online behavior, the way people search for and read information on the Internet Level of analysis: levels of online behavior: input words participants used for their online searches; search results from the online search engines that were both viewed and selected; search results that were viewed but not selected; and the content of viewed websites. Variables: Duration of the search behavior; duration of the reception behavior; words typed into the search engine; website visited; categorization of the website; number of search results received and selected or received and not selected; main topic, problem, cause, evaluation, opportunities and risks, forecasts, proposed solution and demands of the individual search results; number and type of actors of the individual selected and unselected search results; number of contributions received; main topic, problem, cause, evaluation, opportunities and risks, forecasts, proposed solution and demands of the individual websites received; depicted controversy, images, explicit and implicit certainty and uncertainty at the individual websites received Reliability: “Nine trained coders helped conduct the content analysis. In total, 12 clips of participants’ online behavior (17 percent of the total sample) were randomly selected for reliability testing. For intercoder reliability, Cohen’s ? for the formal variables was ?=0.98 (CR=0.99). Intercoder reliability for the variables of the frame elements had the following values: selected search results ?=0.77 (CR=0.97), search results that were viewed but not selected ?=0.81 (CR=0.97), and contents of the websites that were viewed ?=0.71 (CR=0.93).” (p. 316)   Information on Kessler and Langmann (2020) Authors: Sabrina Heike Kessler & Klara Langmann                            Research question: How does biological sex influence search behavior for political information on the Internet? Hypothesis: Prior political knowledge, political interest, and Internet skills mediate the influence of biological and social sex on search behavior for political information on the Internet. Object of analysis: This study aimed to investigate how people (N = 44 students) search online for political information (N = 220 search tasks) and if gendered online search exist. We examined the online search behavior via eye tracking while the participants searched for information about political party positions on the Internet. A content analysis of the eye tracking data followed and was evaluated with a special focus on the role of biological sex and social gender and the relationship of both factors with other variables, such as self-reported prior political knowledge, political interest, and Internet skills (via online survey). Timeframe of analysis: April 2017        Codebook: in the appendix (in German) Info about variables Construct: online search behavior, the way people search for and read information on the Internet Level of analysis: levels of online behavior: input words participants used for their online searches; search results on search engine result pages (SERPs) that were both viewed and selected, search results that were viewed but not selected; and the content of viewed websites.  Variables and reliability: Four coders conducted the content analysis by satisfying reliability values (based on 11.4% of the total sample, randomly selected). Variables Measures Reliability coefficient (Krippendorff's ?); n=25 Search task 5 values 1 Length of online search behavior seconds 1 Number of search queries on SERPs 0 to x 1 Time on SERPs seconds .81 (10% tolerance) Scanpath on SERPs 4 values .78 Length of search queries 3 values .96 Number of clicked search results 0 to x .96 Number of viewed and unselected search results 0 to x .67 (10% tolerance) Number of selected search results position 1 0 to x .98 Number of selected search results position 2–3 0 to x .98 Number of perceived websites 0 to x .93 Type of website accessed 19 values .88 Website scanpaths 4 values .81 Reception scope on website 3 values .84 Time on websites seconds .81 (10% tolerance)   References Kessler, S. H. & Langmann, K. (2020). The role of sex and gender on search behavior for political informationon the Internet. Communications: The European Journal of Communication Research. DOI: 10.1515/commun-2019-0137 Kessler, S. H. & Engelmann, I. (2019). Why do we click? Investigating reasons for user selection on a news aggregator website. Communications, 44(2), 225-247. DOI: 10.1515/commun-2018-2003 Kessler, S. H. & Zillich, A. F. (2019). Searching online for information about vaccination: Assessing the influence of user-specific cognitive factors using eye-tracking. Health Communication, 34(10), 1150-1158. DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2018.1465793 Kessler, S. H. & Guenther, L. (2017). Eyes on the frame: Explaining people's online searching behavior in response to TV consumption. Internet Research, 27(2), 303-320. DOI: 10.1108/IntR-01-2016-0015 Zillich, A. F., & Kessler, S. H. (2019). Measuring selective exposure to online information. Combining eye-tracking and content analysis of users’ actual search behavior. In C. Peter, T. Naab, & R. Kühne (eds.), Measuring media use and exposure: Recent developments and challenges (pp. 196-220). Köln, GER: Halem

Non-Markovian waiting time distribution

Simulation methods based on stochastic realizations of state vector evolutions are commonly used tools to solve open quantum system dynamics, both in the Markovian and non-Markovian regime. Here, we address the question of waiting time distribution (WTD) of quantum jumps for non-Markovian systems. We generalize Markovian quantum trajectory methods in the sense of deriving an exact analytical WTD for non-Markovian quantum dynamics and show explicitly how to construct this distribution for certain commonly used quantum optical systems.Comment: journal versio

Aiming Higher: Results From a State Scorecard on Health System Performance

Assesses state variation across key dimensions of health system performance -- access, quality, avoidable hospital use and costs, equity, and healthy lives -- and assigns overall state rankings as well as ranks on each dimension

Why Not the Best? Results From the National Scorecard on U.S. Health System Performance, 2011

Assesses the U.S. healthcare system's average performance in 2007-09 as measured by forty-two indicators of health outcomes, quality, access, efficiency, and equity compared with the 2006 and 2008 scorecards and with domestic and international benchmarks