1,468 research outputs found
Inclusive and effective bulk viscosities in the hadron gas
We estimate the temperature dependence of the bulk viscosity in a
relativistic hadron gas. Employing the Green-Kubo formalism in the SMASH
(Simulating Many Accelerated Strongly-interacting Hadrons) transport approach,
we study different hadronic systems in increasing order of complexity. We
analyze the (in)validity of the single exponential relaxation ansatz for the
bulk-channel correlation function and the strong influence of the resonances
and their lifetimes. We discuss the difference between the inclusive bulk
viscosity of an equilibrated, long-lived system, and the effective bulk
viscosity of a short-lived mixture like the hadronic phase of relativistic
heavy-ion collisions, where the processes whose inverse relaxation rate are
larger than the fireball duration are excluded from the analysis. This
clarifies the differences between previous approaches which computed the bulk
viscosity including/excluding the very slow processes in the hadron gas. We
compare our final results with previous hadron gas calculations and confirm a
decreasing trend of the inclusive bulk viscosity over entropy density as
temperature increases, whereas the effective bulk viscosity to entropy ratio,
while being lower than the inclusive one, shows no strong dependence to
temperature.Comment: 23 pages, 13 figure
Porous glass-ceramics from alkali activation and sinter-crystallization of mixtures of waste glass and residues from plasma processing of municipal solid waste
Alkali-activated aqueous slurries of fine glass powders, mostly deriving from the plasma processing of municipal solid waste ('Plasmastone'), were found to undergo progressive hardening at low temperature (75 degrees C) owing to the formation of C-S-H (calcium silicate hydrate) gels. Before complete setting, slurries could be easily foamed by vigorous mechanical stirring, with the help of a surfactant; finally, the resulting open-celled structure could be 'frozen' by a subsequent sintering treatment, with crystallization of Ca-Fe silicates. The densification of the struts upon firing was enhanced by mixing Plasmastone with up to 30 wt% recycled glasses and increasing the firing temperature from 800 to 1000 degrees C. A total porosity exceeding 75 vol%, comprising both well-interconnected macro- and micro-sized pores on cell walls, was accompanied by good compressive strength, well above 1 MPa. The stabilization of pollutants generally increased with increasing firing temperature and glass content, with some exceptions; no practical leaching was observed from samples deriving from Plasmastone combined with 30 wt% boro-aluminosilicate glass from the recycling of pharmaceutical vials
Transport coefficients of heavy quarks around at finite quark chemical potential
The interactions of heavy quarks with the partonic environment at finite
temperature and finite quark chemical potential are investigated in
terms of transport coefficients within the Dynamical Quasi-Particle model
(DQPM) designed to reproduce the lattice-QCD results (including the partonic
equation of state) in thermodynamic equilibrium. These results are confronted
with those of nuclear many-body calculations close to the critical temperature
. The hadronic and partonic spatial diffusion coefficients join smoothly
and show a pronounced minimum around , at as well as at finite
. Close and above its absolute value matches the lQCD calculations
for . The smooth transition of the heavy quark transport coefficients
from the hadronic to the partonic medium corresponds to a cross over in line
with lattice calculations, and differs substantially from perturbative QCD
(pQCD) calculations which show a large discontinuity at . This indicates
that in the vicinity of dynamically dressed massive partons and not
massless pQCD partons are the effective degrees-of-freedom in the quark-gluon
plasma.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Heavy flavor in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
We study charm production in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions by using
the Parton-Hadron-String Dynamics (PHSD) transport approach. The initial charm
quarks are produced by the PYTHIA event generator tuned to fit the transverse
momentum spectrum and rapidity distribution of charm quarks from Fixed-Order
Next-to-Leading Logarithm (FONLL) calculations. The produced charm quarks
scatter in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) with the off-shell partons whose masses
and widths are given by the Dynamical Quasi-Particle Model (DQPM), which
reproduces the lattice QCD equation-of-state in thermal equilibrium. The
relevant cross sections are calculated in a consistent way by employing the
effective propagators and couplings from the DQPM. Close to the critical energy
density of the phase transition, the charm quarks are hadronized into
mesons through coalescence and/or fragmentation. The hadronized mesons then
interact with the various hadrons in the hadronic phase with cross sections
calculated in an effective lagrangian approach with heavy-quark spin symmetry.
The nuclear modification factor and the elliptic flow of
mesons from PHSD are compared with the experimental data from the STAR
Collaboration for Au+Au collisions at =200 GeV and to the ALICE
data for Pb+Pb collisions at =2.76 TeV. We find that in the
PHSD the energy loss of mesons at high can be dominantly attributed
to partonic scattering while the actual shape of versus reflects
the heavy-quark hadronization scenario, i.e. coalescence versus fragmentation.
Also the hadronic rescattering is important for the at low and
enhances the -meson elliptic flow .Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, to be published in the Proceedings of the 15th
International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter (SQM2015), 6-11 July
2015, JINR, Dubna, Russi
Periodic magnetorotational dynamo action as a prototype of nonlinear magnetic field generation in shear flows
The nature of dynamo action in shear flows prone to magnetohydrodynamic
instabilities is investigated using the magnetorotational dynamo in Keplerian
shear flow as a prototype problem. Using direct numerical simulations and
Newton's method, we compute an exact time-periodic magnetorotational dynamo
solution to the three-dimensional dissipative incompressible
magnetohydrodynamic equations with rotation and shear. We discuss the physical
mechanism behind the cycle and show that it results from a combination of
linear and nonlinear interactions between a large-scale axisymmetric toroidal
magnetic field and non-axisymmetric perturbations amplified by the
magnetorotational instability. We demonstrate that this large scale dynamo
mechanism is overall intrinsically nonlinear and not reducible to the standard
mean-field dynamo formalism. Our results therefore provide clear evidence for a
generic nonlinear generation mechanism of time-dependent coherent large-scale
magnetic fields in shear flows and call for new theoretical dynamo models.
These findings may offer important clues to understand the transitional and
statistical properties of subcritical magnetorotational turbulence.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review
Addressing the Scalability Bottleneck of Semantic Technologies at Bosch
At the heart of smart manufacturing is real-time semi-automatic
decision-making. Such decisions are vital for optimizing production lines,
e.g., reducing resource consumption, improving the quality of discrete
manufacturing operations, and optimizing the actual products, e.g., optimizing
the sampling rate for measuring product dimensions during production. Such
decision-making relies on massive industrial data thus posing a real-time
processing bottleneck
Abundance and Diversity of Dockerin-Containing Proteins in the Fiber-Degrading Rumen Bacterium, Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1
Peer reviewedPublisher PD
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