High origin of a testicular artery: a case report and review of the literature

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Although variations in the origin of the testicular artery are not uncommon, few reports about a high origin from the abdominal aorta exist in the literature. We discuss the case of a high origin of the testicular artery, its embryology, classification systems, and its clinical significance.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report a very rare case of high origin of the left testicular artery in a 68-year-old Caucasian male cadaver. The artery originated from the anterolateral aspect of the abdominal aorta, 2 cm cranially to the ipsilateral renal artery. Approximately 1 cm after its origin, it branched off into the inferior suprarenal artery. During its course, the artery crossed anterior to the left renal artery.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>A knowledge of the variant origin of the testicular artery is important during renal and testicular surgery. The origin and course must be carefully identified in order to preserve normal blood circulation and prevent testicular atrophy. A reduction in gonadal blood flow may lead to varicocele under circumstances. A knowledge of this variant anatomy may be of interest to radiologists and helpful in avoiding diagnostic errors.</p

Investigating the prevalence of Salmonella in dogs within the Midlands region of the United Kingdom

Background - The intimate relationship between dogs and their owners has the potential to increase the risk of human exposure to bacterial pathogens. Over the past 40 years, there have been several reports on transmission of salmonellae from dogs to humans. This study therefore aimed to determine the prevalence of Salmonella in the faeces of dogs from the Midlands region of the United Kingdom to assess exposure risk and potential for zoonotic transmission. Results - A total of 436 apparently healthy dogs without diarrhoea from households (n = 126), rescue centres (n = 96), boarding kennels (n = 43), retired greyhound kennels (n = 39) and a pet nutrition facility (n = 132) were investigated for Salmonella shedding. Faecal samples were processed by an enrichment culture based method. The faeces from one dog (0.23 %; 95 % confidence limit 0.006 %, 1.27 %) was positive for Salmonella. The species was S. enterica subspecies arizonae. Conclusion - This study showed that the prevalence of Salmonella from faeces from apparently healthy dogs from a variety of housing conditions is low; however, Salmonella shedding was still identified

LARVICIDAL EFFECT OF PINUS BRUTIA TEN. SEED ESSENTIAL OIL TO PINE

Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams. is one of the most widespread pest found in the pine forest of Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine larvicidal effects of essential oil obtained from Pinus brutia Ten. on the third and fourth instar larvae of T. wilkinsoni under laboratory conditions. In the present study, seed essential oil was tested at seven different doses (5 to 1000 ppm) against to this pest. The chemical composition of the oil was determined by GC-MS. The essential oil of P. brutia was dominated by monoterpenes. Totally, 14 chemical compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis. beta-Pinene (38.15%) and alpha-pinene (24.99%) were identified as major chemical components followed by trans-beta-caryophyllene (15.24 %) and germacrene-D (4.25 %). As a result of analysis, P. brutia seed oil showed high larvicidal activity, with LD50 values of 187.88, 122.83 and 68.77 ppm, LD90 values of 608.85, 479.31 and 300.16 ppm at 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively. The results showed that the activities were dose dependent. Therefore, this essential oil could be useful for to find management strategies against populations of T. wilkinsoni. In this study, the larvicidal activity of essential oil from P. brutia against T. wilkinsoni was evaluated for the first time.C1 [Semiz, Gurkan; Kocabiyik, Kubra] Pamukkale Univ, Fac Arts & Sci, Dept Biol, Denizli, Turkey.[Cetin, Huseyin] Akdeniz Univ, Dept Biol, Fac Sci, Antalya, Turkey

Fuel consumption distribution for machine and tractor activities in some PTO driven machine operations

In this study, fuel consumption values needed for the machine to operate (machine activity) and for the tractor to be able to move (tractor mobility) in field conditions in agricultural activities were determined for some PTO driven agricultural machine operations (turbo atomizer and disc fertilizer spreader). Besides, the effects of 540 and 540E PTO options on fuel consumption distribution were evaluated. Three different tractors (John Deere 5625, Massey Ferguson 3085 and New Holland TD85) were used for this purpose. In field experiments, tractor fuel consumption, PTO torque and power parameters were measured. These measurements were repeated under static conditions in the laboratory without changing the functions of the machines. In these experiments, the torque and power requirements were found to be higher for the turbo atomizer for both of the PTO operations (540 and 540E). Data analysis showed that fuel consumptions performed in the laboratory condition with the 540 PTO in turbo atomizer and disc fertilizer spreader operations for all tractors were 77.08 and 74.29%, respectively in average of overall average fuel consumption values performed in field conditions. Fuel consumptions for 540E PTO operation were determined to be 65.97 and 64.74% in average, respectively. According to the variance analysis, for all test tractors, PTO options and experiment conditions were statistically significant (P<0.01) on fuel consumption for each PTO driven machines. © 2010 Academic Journals

Insan fetuslarinda m. plantaris'in morfometrisi

This detailed fetus study about plantaris muscle was performed to compare the measurements of adults and fetuses, and to obtain additional information about clinical procedures associated with educational anatomy dissections. The study was performed on 24 fetuses with gestational ages of 17-40 weeks and without any pathology or anomaly. The length and width of the tendineous portion and muscular belly of the plantaris muscle were measured in fetuses. M. plantaris was absent unilaterally and bilaterally in a male fetus and a female fetus, respectively. Most of the fetuses (83%) had a typical shape of plantaris muscle and its tendon. Mean length and width of the tendon were 36.35 and 0.43 mm, and 65.39 and 0.95 mm, in second and third trimesters, respectively. Mean length and width of the muscular belly were 7.48 and 2.96 mm, and 17.58 and 5.82 mm in second and third trimesters, respectively. This fetus study about plantaris muscle would bu useful in surgical interventions performed in educational anatomy dissections and related clinical procedures. © Gülhane Askeri Tıp Akademisi 2011

Comparisons of 540 and 540E PTO operations in tractors through laboratory tests

The objective of this study was to determine differences between the standard 540 rpm power take-off (PTO) revolution in tractors and its alternative, namely "the economical PTO revolution (540E)." Loads were applied to three tractors (JD 5625, NH TD85, MF 3085) with similar technical specifications, by means of a PTO dynamometer (Eddy-current) under laboratory conditions. Measurements were made of tractor PTO torque, engine fuel consumption, specific fuel consumption, and engine exhaust gas and cooling water temperatures on the basis of load (power kW) steps applied at a constant PTO revolution of 540 rpm. Data analysis showed an average fuel saving was performed with the 540E PTO of 27.18%, 18.62% and 15.88% for the JD 5625, MF 3085, and NH TD85 tractors, respectively. Fuel savings decreased with the increase in PTO load. Engine-PTO speed rates were also found to be effective in fuel saving. The torque values for the three tractors varied directly proportionally to the increase in the PTO load steps. Exhaust gas temperature data showed that coercions had occurred in the tractor engines when certain load values were exceeded when using the 540E operation (35 kW, 20 kW, and 30 kW, respectively for JD 5625, MF 3085, and NH TD85 tractors). In conclusion, the economical PTO operation was shown to have important advantages, particularly in terms of fuel and specific fuel consumptions for many power-driven machines

Comparing of 540 and 540E pto operational characteristics of tractors in field conditions [Traktörlerde 540 ve 540E kuyruk mili çalışma karakteristiklerinin tarla koşullarında kıyaslanması]

The objective of this study is to determine the operating characteristics of economical PTO operation (540E) in field conditions and to make a comparison with 540 PTO operation. For this purpose three different brands of tractors (JD 5625, NH TD85, MF 3085) having similar technical properties and three PTO driven agricultural machine (single disc fertilizer spreader, turbo atomizer and rotovator. In the experiments tractor ground speed, slip values, PTO torque, PTO power, fuel consumption per time, effective field capacity and fuel consumption per field parameters were determined for two PTO operations. According to the fuel consumption data obtained, the fuel saving ratios obtained with 540E operation varied between 14.69%- 34.41% for the tractor-machine interactions used. It was determined that the motor-PTO speed ratios of the tractors were effective on fuel saving ratios. In the field experiments made at a single gear level for each tractor, the tractor ground speed values decreased by ratios varying between 12.83%-22.60% for 540E PTO operations in comparison to 540 PTO operations. This result that is caused by running both PTO operations at different motor speeds also caused a decrease in the machine's effective field capacity values calculated for 540E operation. Taking into account all the measurement parameters, it was concluded that economical PTO operation would bring certain advantages in terms of fuel consumption for many PTO driven machines and that these advantages decreased depending on the increase in the machine power requirement. According to this result, if economical PTO operation is used together with the proper gear level and ground speed selections for the tractors, it can be suggested as an important alternative to the 540 operation for machines used in this study and also for those having similar capacities and properties. © Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi

Anatomical analysis of azygos vein system in human cadavers

The azygos system veins vary greatly in their mode of origin, course, tributaries, anastomoses and termination. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the types of azygos system in this study. Our research was made in Anatomy departments on 48 conserved cadavers aging between 27-70 years, of which 35 were males and 13 females. In the research, the diameters and levels of the azygos vein, the hemiazygos vein, the accessory hemiazygos vein and the superior intercostal vein were investigated. The subjects were classified in Anson's system with a basis of vertical and horizontal connections in the azygos venous system the classification included primitive or embryological types, transient type, unicolon type as three basic types and their eleven subgroups. According to this classification (amongst 48 cadavers), one (2.1%) of our subjects was found to be Type I, 44 (91.7%) of them were found to be Type II, and one (2.1%) was found to be Type III. These values were similar to those in the literature, however two (4.2%) subjects did not fit in any otherwise defined groups and were named as atypic group. It is very important to identify the variations of the azygos system in the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of mediastinum. The abnormal azygos venous system may easily be confused with aneurysm, lymphadenopathy and other abnormalities like tumor. It is important to keep these kinds of variations in mind while performing the mediastinal operations or surgery of large vessels