Solution of the Bosonic and Algebraic Hamiltonians by using AIM

We apply the notion of asymptotic iteration method (AIM) to determine eigenvalues of the bosonic Hamiltonians that include a wide class of quantum optical models. We consider solutions of the Hamiltonians, which are even polynomials of the fourth order with the respect to Boson operators. We also demonstrate applicability of the method for obtaining eigenvalues of the simple Lie algebraic structures. Eigenvalues of the multi-boson Hamiltonians have been obtained by transforming in the form of the single boson Hamiltonian in the framework of AIM

Criterios de selección para el rendimiento en genotipos de cártamo (Charthamus tinctorius L.) en condiciones de secano

This research was conducted on 20 safflower genotypes and lasted 3 years (2014-2016) in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. The experiments were conducted in randomized block design with four replications. The relationships among yield 9 other traits in safflower genotypes were investigated. As the average of three years, the greatest seed yield (SY) was obtained from genotype G5 (PI 451952) with 3156.3 kg·ha-1. It was followed by genotypes G4 (PI 525458) and G9 (PI 306686) with 3013.2 and 2977.1 kg·ha-1, respectively. Among the standard cultivars, the greatest seed yield (2750.4 kg·ha-1) was obtained from the Dinçer cultivar. The greatest oil content (OC) was obtained from the genotype G11 (PI 537665) with 36.5%. It was followed by the genotypes G9 (PI 306686) (35.4%), G6 (PI 537598) (35.4%) and G14 (PI 560169) (35.3%). Oil contents varied between 29.1-36.5%. Yield-trait relationships were assessed through both correlation analysis and GT (Genotype by Trait) biplot analysis. Based on the results of the two approaches, plant height (PH), number of branches (NB), number of heads (NH) and thousand-seed weight (TSW) were identified as the most significant selection criteria for yield from safflower. The combined use of correlation and biplot analysis in the assessment of relationships among the traits improved the chance for success.Esta investigación se realizó con 20 genotipos de cártamo durante 3 años (2014-2016) en la región de Anatolia central de Turquía. Los experimentos se realizaron en bloques de diseño aleatorio con cuatro repeticiones. Se investigaron las relaciones de rendimiento con los otros rasgos y las relaciones genotipo-rasgo en plantas de cártamo. Como promedio de tres años, el mayor rendimiento de semillas (SY) se obtuvo del genotipo G5 (PI 451952) con 3156,3 kg·ha-1. Le siguieron los genotipos G4 (PI 525458) y G9 (PI 306686) con 3013,2 y 2977,1 kg·ha-1 respectivamente. Entre los cultivares estándar, el mayor rendimiento de semilla (2750,4 kg·ha-1) se obtuvo del cultivar Dinçer. El mayor contenido de aceite (OC) se obtuvo del genotipo G11 (PI 537665) con 36,5%. El contenido de aceite varió entre 29,1 - 36,5%. Las relaciones rendimiento-rasgo se evaluaron mediante análisis de correlación y análisis biplot GT (Genotipo por rasgo). Con base en los resultados de dos enfoques, la altura de la planta (PH), el número de ramas (NB), el número de cabezas (NH) y el peso de miles de semillas (TSW) se identificaron como los criterios de selección más importantes para el rendimiento en el cártamo. El uso combinado de análisis de correlación y biplot en la evaluación de las relaciones entre los rasgos mejoró la posibilidad de éxito

Adsorption of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) for Different Gas Concentrations, Temperatures and Relative Humidities by using Activated Carbon Filter: An Experimental Study

Noxious gases can be reduced through activated carbon; nevertheless, this process is very complex due to the changing parameters. Nitrogen dioxides take place in the so-called reactive gases. The nitrogen dioxide concentration existing in the environment can be harmful, in particular for asthmatics and it also has the potential to bring about other serious diseases. For instance, interior diseases are often caused by nitrogen oxide gases. Through this study, we have observed the nitrogen dioxide adsorption on the active carbon for varying air temperatures, gas concentrations and air relative humidities. In this context, it has been examined the effect of all three parameters. While conducting this project, we have used parameters between 1ppm and 30ppm (for NO2 concentration), 23°C and 33°C (for air temperature), 30% and 90% (for air relative humidity). In order to understand this process, breakthrough curves of NO2evaluated from experiments have been used in the present study. Results show that the humidity has not a remarkable effect on the adsorption of NO2; however, increasing relative humidity causes to a decrease in the capacity of the activated carbon for NO2 adsorption. Additionally, NO2 adsorption is exothermic, therefore it increases the air temperature

Sugar Policy Reform in the Republic of Turkey

Recently, the Republic of Turkey passed a significant milestone on its road to becoming a full member of the European Union when the customs union agreement became effective. The agreement eliminates barriers to trade between Turkey and the EU in industrial goods and processed agricultural products. In 1997 the Turkish Sugar Corporation drafted a proposal to change Turkey\u27s current sugar policies to coincide with the existing Common Agricultural Policy. This paper examines the impact of the proposed sugar regulation on Turkey\u27s sugar production and trade

Thought for Food: Understanding Educational Disparities in Food Consumption

__Abstract__ Higher educated individuals are healthier and live longer than their lower educated peers. One reason is that lower educated individuals engage more in unhealthy behaviours including consumption of a poor diet, but it is not clear why they do so. In this paper we develop an economic theory of unhealthy food choice, and use a Discrete Choice Experiment to discriminate between the theoretical parameters. Differences in health knowledge appear to be responsible for the greatest part of the education disparity in diet. However, when faced with the most explicit health information regarding diet, lower educated individuals still state choices that imply a lower concern for negative health consequences. This is consistent with a theoretical prediction that part of the education differences across health behaviours is driven by the "marginal value of health" rising with education

Quaternionic Root Systems and Subgroups of the Aut(F4)Aut(F_{4})

Cayley-Dickson doubling procedure is used to construct the root systems of some celebrated Lie algebras in terms of the integer elements of the division algebras of real numbers, complex numbers, quaternions and octonions. Starting with the roots and weights of SU(2) expressed as the real numbers one can construct the root systems of the Lie algebras of SO(4),SP(2)= SO(5),SO(8),SO(9),F_{4} and E_{8} in terms of the discrete elements of the division algebras. The roots themselves display the group structures besides the octonionic roots of E_{8} which form a closed octonion algebra. The automorphism group Aut(F_{4}) of the Dynkin diagram of F_{4} of order 2304, the largest crystallographic group in 4-dimensional Euclidean space, is realized as the direct product of two binary octahedral group of quaternions preserving the quaternionic root system of F_{4}.The Weyl groups of many Lie algebras, such as, G_{2},SO(7),SO(8),SO(9),SU(3)XSU(3) and SP(3)X SU(2) have been constructed as the subgroups of Aut(F_{4}). We have also classified the other non-parabolic subgroups of Aut(F_{4}) which are not Weyl groups. Two subgroups of orders192 with different conjugacy classes occur as maximal subgroups in the finite subgroups of the Lie group $G_{2}$ of orders 12096 and 1344 and proves to be useful in their constructions. The triality of SO(8) manifesting itself as the cyclic symmetry of the quaternionic imaginary units e_{1},e_{2},e_{3} is used to show that SO(7) and SO(9) can be embedded triply symmetric way in SO(8) and F_{4} respectively

Bond strength of dental nanocomposites repaired with a bulkfill composite

The aim of this study was to analyze the bond strength of aged resin based nanocomposites repaired with the same and bulk fill composites. Seventy-two disc shaped resin composites consisted of three different nanocomposite resins (Filtek Ultimate/FU, Herculite XRV Ultra/HXRV, and Reflectys/R) were produced. After storing the samples for 8 weeks in distilled water, each material was combined with the same material or the bulk-fill composite resin system (Filtek Ultimate+Filtek Ultimate/Group-1; Filtek Ultimate+Tetric BF/Group-2; Herculite XRV+Herculite XRV/Group-3; Herculite XRV+Tetric BF/ Group-4; Reflectys+Reflectys/Group 5; Reflectys+Tetric BF/Group-6), for repair. Then specimens were subjected to shear bond strength testing(SBS), and the debonded surfaces were examined. There was a significant difference among three materials(repaired with itself+bulk fill) for SBS testing values (p=0.001). FU and R were found to be similar, while HXRV was significantly different from them. A significant difference between group-1 and 2 (p=0.006) was detected, while there were no differences between group 3 and 4 (p= 0.142), and 5 and 6 (p=0.346). Among the six groups, repair SBS testing values with TBF were higher than repair with itself except for FU. The bulk-fill repaired materials showed higher bond strength except for FU, which showed the highest SBS value when repaired with itself. An increased incidence of adhesive fracture was observed at low strengths

Farm-Level Feed Demand in Turkey

Using farm-level survey data from Turkey, the authors provide estimates of the price responsiveness of feed demand beef, dairy, and sheep producers. In addition, the authors assess the impact of feed quality on animal yields in the Turkish dairy cattle sector