Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Sains Melalui Penggunaan Alat Peraga Di Kelas V SDN 1 Dolong A

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus dengan tujuan meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan alat peraga di kelas V SDN 1 Dolong A. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SDN 1 Dolong A yang berjumlah 32 orang terdiri dari 15 orang laki-laki dan 17 orang perempuan. Hasil penelitian pada siklus I menunjukkan rata-rata hasil observasi aktivitas siswa diperoleh persentase 71,87% dengan kategori baik, persentase aktivitas guru 77% kategori baik, persentase daya serap klasikal 56,63% dan tuntas klasikal sebesar 71,87%. Pada siklus II diperoleh rata-rata persentase aktivitas siswa sebesar 87,5% dengan kategori sangat baik, persentase aktivitas guru 90,38% kategori sangat baik, persentase daya serap klasikal 80% dan persentase tuntas klasikal sebesar 85%. Hal ini telah memenuhi indikator keberhasilan yang telah ditetapkan dengan nilai rata-rata hasil belajar minimal 70 dan ketuntasan klasikal sudah mencapai indikator keberhasilan minimal 80%

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Creative Problem Solving Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar pada Siswa Kelas XMIPA4 SMA Negeri 5 Palu

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar melalui penerapan model pembelajaran Creative Problem Solving pada siswa kelas XMIPA 4 SMA Negeri 5 Palu. Penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang dilaksanakan secara bersiklus dan mengacu pada desain penelitian dari model Kemmis & Mc. Taggart, yang meliputi 4 tahap: (i) perencanaan, (ii) pelaksanaan tindakan, (iii) dalam observasi, (iv) dalam refleksi. Jenis daya yang diperoleh adalah data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif. Data kualitatif adalah data yang diperoleh dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar berupa hasil observasi. Sedangkan data kuantitatif adalah data hasil belajar yang diperoleh dengan tes. Hasil Belajar siklus I diperoleh ketuntasan belajar klasikal yakni 42.11% dengan daya serap klasikal 59.56%, aktivitas guru berada pada kategori sangat baik yaitu dengan persentase 95.83 % dan aktivitas siswa berada pada kategori cukup yaitu dengan persentase 79.51 %. Pada siklus II ketuntasan belajar klasikal sebesar 64.71% dengan daya serap klasikal 74.12%, aktivitas guru berada pada ketegori sangat baik yaitu dengan persentase 97.72% dan aktivitas siswa berada pada kategori baik dengan persentase 87.31% . Berdasarkan indikator kinerja, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Creative Problem Solving dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar pada siswa kelas X MIPA 4 SMA Negeri 5 Palu.   Kata Kunci : Pembelajaran Creative Problem Solving, Hasil Belajar

Exercise alleviates depression related systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.

Background: Depression is a highly prevalent co-morbidity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) which was shown to be associated with a worse course of disease, including reduced quality of life and increased symptoms burden, healthcare use, and even mortality. It has been speculated that systemic inflammation may play a role in the presence of depression. Currently, physical activity is an important lifestyle factor that has the potential to modify inflammatory cytokines and depression, however our understanding of how to use exercise effectively in COPD patients to alleviate depression related systemic inflammation is incomplete and has prompted our interest to identify the type and intensities of effective exercise. Objective: The aim of this study was to measure the changes in depression related systemic inflammation of aerobic exercise training in COPD patients in Jeddah area. Material and Methods: Eighty patients with moderate severity of COPD participated in this study and were divided into two groups; the first group received aerobic exercise, whereas the second group received no exercise training for 12 weeks. Results: The mean values of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u3b1), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores were significantly decreased in in group (A) after treatments, but the changes in group (B) were not significant .Also, there were significant differences between mean levels of the investigated parameters in group (A) and group (B) at the end of the study. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise is an effective treatment policy to improve depression related to systemic inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

DETECTION OF THE INFLUENCE OF TRANSCRANIAL ELECTROSTIMULATION ON THE STESS RESISTANCE OF STUDENTS BY THE TEST OF T. HOLMES AND R. RAHE

Aim. The study was designed to establish the influence of transcranial electrostimulation on the stress tolerance of students by the method of T. Holmes and R. Rahe.Materials and methods.The observations were made on 127 students aged 19-22. They were 50 boys and 77 girls. The students were divided into the main group (78 people) and the comparison group (49 people). Transcranial electrostimulation was carried out for the students of the main group: 2 sessions per week and 5 sessions per week. Stress resistance was assessed by the test of stress resistance and social adaptation of T. Holmes and R. Rahe before the course of transcranial electrostimulation and after it. The level of stress resistance was determined in the comparison group within the same time frame. Transcranial electrostimulation (TES) was performed by the “Transair-03” apparatus on the testees in the sitting position. The value of the pulse current of 3 mA, frequency 7.5 Hz was used. The exposure time was 30 minutes. The results of the study were processed with the help of the “Statistika 6.0” computer program. Results. At the end of the school year, students had low, threshold and high levels of stress resistance. These levels of resistance to stress remained in those individuals who did not undergo transcranial electrostimulation, and also in students who had 2 transcranial electrostimulation sessions per week. After 5 sessions of transcranial electrostimulation per week, students had a threshold and high levels of stress resistance; there was no low level. After 5 sessions of transcranial electrostimulation the total number of points in students with a threshold level of stress resistance statistically decreased by 11,0% in comparison with the initial result. The total number of points after transcranial electrostimulation in students with a high level of stress resistance statistically decreased by 8,4%. Conclusion. The results indicate an increase in the level of students' stress tolerance and the effectiveness of transcranial therapy for at least 5 sessions per week

The \u3ci\u3eExxon Valdez\u3c/i\u3e Reopener: Natural Resources Damage Settlements and Roads Not Taken

The 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill caused extensive natural resource damage to the Prince William Sound. Lawsuits addressing this natural resource damage resulted in a settlement that required Exxon to pay $900 million over time to trustees charged with spending this money to restore the damaged environment of the Sound and nearby areas. The settlement included a “Reopener Clause,” which pledges Exxon to spend an additional$100 million to fund restoration or rehabilitation of resources whose injuries were not foreseeable in 1989. This Article urges the State of Alaska and the United States to seek enforcement of the Reopener Clause, to restore natural resources and Native subsistence uses that were not addressed in the initial settlement and have not recovered from the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Alternatively, this Article urges Native entities to intervene in the case and seek enforcement of the Reopener Clause. To date, neither Alaska nor the federal government have requested any of the $100 million Exxon may be required to pay to compensate for additional damages resulting from the oil spill. We offer extended comment on this most famous of all natural resource damage cases. Special attention will be paid to legal roads not taken

Herbage productivity and diverging botanical composition of two floristic variants of a natural grassland fertilized with N and P.

La fertilización con N (urea y nitrato de amonio) y P (superfosfato triple) aumentó, en general, la productividad primaria neta aérea (PPNA) del período comprendido entre octubre y marzo, de dos variantes de una comunidad herbácea del partido de Chascomús (35°34’S, 58°00’O; Prov. de Buenos Aires) y modificó la composición botánica de cada una de esas variantes al cabo de cuatro años de fertilización ininterrumpida. La fertilización consistió en la aplicación de 0 ó 100 kg-N.ha-1.año-1 combinados factorialmente con 0; 25 ó 50 kg-P.ha-1.año-1 a parcelas representativas de la comunidad que ocupaba la parte superior del microrelieve (variante 1, V1) y de la que habitaba el nivel intermedio de éste (variante 2, V2). La PPNA media anual expresada en materia seca en V1 y V2 fue 562 y 570 kg.ha-1.mes-1, respectivamente. Se observó una estrecha relación entre la PPNA y la acumulación de agua en el suelo durante el período correspondiente al cálculo de la PPNA. El incremento medio general de la PPNA, debido al agregado de N, fue 31 % (p £ 0,001) en V1 y 41 % (p £ 0,001) en V2. El incremento medio anual de la PPNA resultante del agregado de P fue 53 % (p £ 0,001) en V1 y 79 % (p £ 0,001) en V2. Sólo la cobertura de algunas especies se modificó de manera inmediata con la fertilización en V1 y V2 (Lolium multiflorum Lam., Gaudinia fragilis (L.) Beauv. , Bothriochloa laguroides (D.C.) Herter y Lotus tenuis Waldst. et Kit). Al final del período experimental se observó que V2 se había enriquecido en L. tenuis y Bromus mollis L., mientras que V1 lo había hecho en Paspalum dilatatum Poir., B. laguroides y Hypochoeris microcephala (Sch. Bip.) Cabr. respecto de la abundancia de esas especies antes de aplicar los fertilizantes.Fertilization with N (as urea and amonium nitrate) and P (as triple superphosphate) during 4 consecutive years increased the aerial net primary productivity (ANPP) in spring and summer months (from October to April) of two variants (V1 and V2) of a herbaceous plant community near Chascomús (35°34’S, 58°00’W; province of Buenos Aires). The botanical composition of each one of those variants was also changed by fertilization. Six factorial combinations of 0 or 100kg-N.ha-1.yr-1 with 0; 25 or 50 kg- P.ha-1.yr-1 were applied every spring (October) to plots arranged in five randomized blocks laid out on a representative site of each variant. The mean annual ANPP expressed as dry matter V1 and V2 were 562 and 570 kg.ha-1.mo-1 respectively. Mean annual ANPP and soil-moisture storage were directly related to each other in both variants. The mean annual increase in ANPP due to N was 31 % (p £ 0,001) and 41 % (p £ 0,001) in V1 and V2, respectively. The mean annual increase in ANPP due to P was 53 % (p £ 0,001) and 79 % (p £ 0,001) in V1 and V2, respectively. A few species changed cover soon after fertilization (Lolium multiflorum Lam., Gaudinia fragilis (L.) Beauv., Bothriochloa laguroides (D.C.) Herter and Lotus tenuis Waldst. et Kit) in both variants. The comparison between the initial botanical composition (1979) and that one at the end of the experimental period showed that V2 had become enriched in L. tenuis and Bromus mollis L and V1 was dominated by Paspalum dilatatum Poir., B. laguroides and Hypochoeris microcephala (Sch. Bip.) Cabr.Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales (FCAF

Herbage productivity and diverging botanical composition of two floristic variants of a natural grassland fertilized with N and P.

La fertilización con N (urea y nitrato de amonio) y P (superfosfato triple) aumentó, en general, la productividad primaria neta aérea (PPNA) del período comprendido entre octubre y marzo, de dos variantes de una comunidad herbácea del partido de Chascomús (35°34’S, 58°00’O; Prov. de Buenos Aires) y modificó la composición botánica de cada una de esas variantes al cabo de cuatro años de fertilización ininterrumpida. La fertilización consistió en la aplicación de 0 ó 100 kg-N.ha-1.año-1 combinados factorialmente con 0; 25 ó 50 kg-P.ha-1.año-1 a parcelas representativas de la comunidad que ocupaba la parte superior del microrelieve (variante 1, V1) y de la que habitaba el nivel intermedio de éste (variante 2, V2). La PPNA media anual expresada en materia seca en V1 y V2 fue 562 y 570 kg.ha-1.mes-1, respectivamente. Se observó una estrecha relación entre la PPNA y la acumulación de agua en el suelo durante el período correspondiente al cálculo de la PPNA. El incremento medio general de la PPNA, debido al agregado de N, fue 31 % (p £ 0,001) en V1 y 41 % (p £ 0,001) en V2. El incremento medio anual de la PPNA resultante del agregado de P fue 53 % (p £ 0,001) en V1 y 79 % (p £ 0,001) en V2. Sólo la cobertura de algunas especies se modificó de manera inmediata con la fertilización en V1 y V2 (Lolium multiflorum Lam., Gaudinia fragilis (L.) Beauv. , Bothriochloa laguroides (D.C.) Herter y Lotus tenuis Waldst. et Kit). Al final del período experimental se observó que V2 se había enriquecido en L. tenuis y Bromus mollis L., mientras que V1 lo había hecho en Paspalum dilatatum Poir., B. laguroides y Hypochoeris microcephala (Sch. Bip.) Cabr. respecto de la abundancia de esas especies antes de aplicar los fertilizantes.Fertilization with N (as urea and amonium nitrate) and P (as triple superphosphate) during 4 consecutive years increased the aerial net primary productivity (ANPP) in spring and summer months (from October to April) of two variants (V1 and V2) of a herbaceous plant community near Chascomús (35°34’S, 58°00’W; province of Buenos Aires). The botanical composition of each one of those variants was also changed by fertilization. Six factorial combinations of 0 or 100kg-N.ha-1.yr-1 with 0; 25 or 50 kg- P.ha-1.yr-1 were applied every spring (October) to plots arranged in five randomized blocks laid out on a representative site of each variant. The mean annual ANPP expressed as dry matter V1 and V2 were 562 and 570 kg.ha-1.mo-1 respectively. Mean annual ANPP and soil-moisture storage were directly related to each other in both variants. The mean annual increase in ANPP due to N was 31 % (p £ 0,001) and 41 % (p £ 0,001) in V1 and V2, respectively. The mean annual increase in ANPP due to P was 53 % (p £ 0,001) and 79 % (p £ 0,001) in V1 and V2, respectively. A few species changed cover soon after fertilization (Lolium multiflorum Lam., Gaudinia fragilis (L.) Beauv., Bothriochloa laguroides (D.C.) Herter and Lotus tenuis Waldst. et Kit) in both variants. The comparison between the initial botanical composition (1979) and that one at the end of the experimental period showed that V2 had become enriched in L. tenuis and Bromus mollis L and V1 was dominated by Paspalum dilatatum Poir., B. laguroides and Hypochoeris microcephala (Sch. Bip.) Cabr.Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales (FCAF