Milk Lipid and Protein Profiles of Abkhazian and Kackar Goats

Fat and protein profiles of milk of Abkhazian and Kackar goats, Caucasian breeds, were compared in this study. The milk samples (n= 60) from 60 Abkhazian and Kackar goats were subjected to assessments of lipid profile using the high performance thin layer chromatography and protein profile using the sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The milk lipid and protein contents as well as their fractions were compared using student t-test. Total lipid content was 4.23±0.022 g/dl and 3.44±0.026 g/dl for Abkhazian and Kackar goat milk (P<0.0001). Milk triacylglycerol, free fatty acid and diacylglycerol fractions were different (P<0.05), but the cholesterol fraction was similar. Total protein content was 3.94 g/dl and 3.75 g/dl for Abkhazian and Kackar goat milk (P<0.007). The milk fat globule membrane protein mucine1 and xhantine oxidase, α-lactalbumin, α-casein, and κ-casein fractions were different (P<0.05). In conclusion, milk lipid and protein profile differs between Abkhazian and Kackar goats despite living in the same ecosystem. Differences in milk lipid and protein profile could be pertinent to human nutrition and health

Changes in mechanical and morphological properties of AISI 420 stainless steels welded with M42 steel wire Associated with weld cooling medium

Bu çalışmada, AISI 420 martenzitik paslanmaz çeliklere TIG kaynak yöntemiyle Argon gazı korumalı ortamda, 75 amper 45cm/dk kaynak ilerleme hızıyla kaynak dikişleri çekilmiştir. Bu amaç için Ø 50mm çapında ve 2, 3.5, 5 ve 6.5 mm kalınlıklarında disk şeklinde parçalar hazırlanmıştır. 50 mm boyunca kaynak dikişi oluşturulan bu parçaların kaynaktan hemen sonra farklı soğutma sıvılarına daldırılarak oda sıcaklığına kadar soğumaları sağlanmıştır. Deney numunelerinin sertlik ölçümü kaynak dikişinden esas metale doğru gerçekleştirilmiştir. Mikroyapı karakteristikleri ise optik mikroskop, taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) vasıtasıyla incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, östenitik yapının yüksek soğuma hızından etkilenerek martenzitik yapıya dönüşmesi gerçekleşmiştir. Bu tür paslanmaz çeliklerin kritik soğuma hızının altında soğutulmaması için uygun tedbirlerin alınması gereklidir.In this study, the method AISI 420 TIG welding of martensitic stainless steels in the protected environment of Ar gas and 75 amps and with a weld speed of 45cm/min was carried out. For this purpose, specimens of Ø 50mm diameter and thickness of 2, 3.5, 5 and 6 mm was sliced. Weld bead was formed along the specimen for about 50mm long and following the welding, specimens were immersed into a different cooling fluids to cool to room temperature. Microhardness measurement was carried out mainly from the base metal towards the weld seam. Microstructural characteristics were investigated by optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As a result, the martensitic transformation of the austenitic structure has been influenced by the high cooling rate. This type of stainless steel must not be cooled below a critical cooling rate and it is necessary to take the appropriate measures

Childhood emotional trauma and cyberbullying perpetration among emerging adults: a multiple mediation model of the role of problematic social media use and psychopathology

Research suggests that a small minority of social media users experience problems as a result of their online use. The purpose of the present study was to examine the association of cyberbullying perpetration and problematic social media use with childhood emotional trauma, Cluster B (narcissistic, histrionic, antisocial, and borderline) personality traits, dissociative experiences (DEs), depression, and self-esteem in a nonclinical undergraduate sample. A total of 344 university students volunteered to complete a questionnaire that included measures on the aforementioned dimensions. Thirty-eight percent of the participants had emotional neglect and 27% had emotional abuse, while 44% of them demonstrated at least one cyberbullying perpetration behavior. Results indicated that cyberbullying perpetrators had higher scores on problematic social media use, dissociative experiences, Cluster B traits, depression and childhood emotional trauma, and lower on self-esteem. Path analysis demonstrated that, while adjusting for gender and age, childhood emotional trauma was directly and indirectly associated with cyberbullying perpetration via Cluster B traits. Moreover, depression and dissociation were directly associated with problematic social media use. The findings of this study emphasize the important direct role of childhood emotional trauma and pathological personality traits on cyberbullying perpetration

Recognizing the overlooked: rethinking autism spectrum disorder symptom presentation in girls

Background. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is more frequently diagnosed in boys than in girls, possibly due to gender-based differences in symptom presentation or referral patterns. This study investigates gender-related variations in symptom severity and clinical presentation among preschool children referred for suspected ASD. Methods. This study included 125 children (boys: n=103; girls: n=22) aged 2–5 years suspected of having ASD. The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) was used to evaluate autism-related symptoms, focusing on presenting complaints and gender-specific differences in nonverbal communication and social interaction. Results. Girls had a significantly younger median age at assessment (28 months) compared to boys (33 months, p=0.03). In the minimal to no symptoms group, girls had significantly higher total CARS scores (median 26 vs. 22.5, p < 0.001) and elevated ratings in domains such as nonverbal communication (p=0.03), relationship to people (p=0.01), imitation (p < 0.001), and visual response (p < 0.001). In the severe group, girls also showed significantly higher scores in adaptation to change, taste, smel, and touch response and use, and fear or nervousness. Effect sizes ranged from small to strong. A negative correlation was found between assessment age and total CARS score (r= –0.45, p < 0.01), particularly among girls. Conclusion. This study highlights that girls may exhibit more prominent symptoms by the time they are referred for clinical evaluation, raising concerns about missed or delayed recognition of milder symptom profiles

Communication practices in the US and Syria

This study highlights Syrian communication practices using comparative tests with the United States communication as a baseline. Additionally, theoretical findings on individualism and collectivism theory are extended to include findings from Syria. Multivariate Analysis of Covariance was used to test culture’s effect in demographically similar (in age, SES, and education) student convenience samples, with the covariate communication adaptability, on dependent variables: empathy, social confirmation, social composure, friendships, non-verbal immediacy, social self-efficacy, and general self-efficacy. Results indicated that Syrians possess more empathy, social confirmation, and perceived general self-efficacy in comparison to U.S. citizens who have greater social composure, friendships, non-verbal immediacy and social self-efficacy. These results indicate that Syrians have the strength of self-efficacy to succeed in intercultural relationships while U.S. Americans have the assets of warmth and sociability to enable successful interactions with Syrian

Diverse values of nature for sustainability

Twenty-five years since foundational publications on valuing ecosystem services for human well-being1,2, addressing the global biodiversity crisis3 still implies confronting barriers to incorporating nature’s diverse values into decision-making. These barriers include powerful interests supported by current norms and legal rules such as property rights, which determine whose values and which values of nature are acted on. A better understanding of how and why nature is (under)valued is more urgent than ever4. Notwithstanding agreements to incorporate nature’s values into actions, including the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF)5 and the UN Sustainable Development Goals6, predominant environmental and development policies still prioritize a subset of values, particularly those linked to markets, and ignore other ways people relate to and benefit from nature7. Arguably, a ‘values crisis’ underpins the intertwined crises of biodiversity loss and climate change8, pandemic emergence9 and socio-environmental injustices10. On the basis of more than 50,000 scientific publications, policy documents and Indigenous and local knowledge sources, the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) assessed knowledge on nature’s diverse values and valuation methods to gain insights into their role in policymaking and fuller integration into decisions7,11. Applying this evidence, combinations of values-centred approaches are proposed to improve valuation and address barriers to uptake, ultimately leveraging transformative changes towards more just (that is, fair treatment of people and nature, including inter- and intragenerational equity) and sustainable futures

Diverse values of nature for sustainability

Twenty-five years since foundational publications on valuing ecosystem services for human well-being1,2, addressing the global biodiversity crisis3 still implies confronting barriers to incorporating nature’s diverse values into decision-making. These barriers include powerful interests supported by current norms and legal rules such as property rights, which determine whose values and which values of nature are acted on. A better understanding of how and why nature is (under)valued is more urgent than ever4. Notwithstanding agreements to incorporate nature’s values into actions, including the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF)5 and the UN Sustainable Development Goals6, predominant environmental and development policies still prioritize a subset of values, particularly those linked to markets, and ignore other ways people relate to and benefit from nature7. Arguably, a ‘values crisis’ underpins the intertwined crises of biodiversity loss and climate change8, pandemic emergence9 and socio-environmental injustices10. On the basis of more than 50,000 scientific publications, policy documents and Indigenous and local knowledge sources, the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) assessed knowledge on nature’s diverse values and valuation methods to gain insights into their role in policymaking and fuller integration into decisions7,11. Applying this evidence, combinations of values-centred approaches are proposed to improve valuation and address barriers to uptake, ultimately leveraging transformative changes towards more just (that is, fair treatment of people and nature, including inter- and intragenerational equity) and sustainable futures