Some New Exact Solutions of Jacobian Elliptic Functions in Nonlinear Physics Problem

Abstract:An extended mapping method with symbolic computation is developed to obtain some new periodic wave solutions in terms of Jacobin elliptic function for nonlinear elastic rod equation arising in physics.As a result,many exact travelling wave solutions are obtained which include Jacobian elliptic functions solutions,combined Jacobian elliptic functions solutions and triangular function solutions.Solutions in the limiting cases have also been studied.It is shown that the mapping method provides a very effective and powerful mathematical tool for solving nonlinear evolution equations in physics

Dust-Acoustic Solitary Waves in Magnetized Dusty Plasma with Dust Opposite Polarity

The nonlinear propagation of small but finite amplitude dust-acoustic solitary waves (DAWs) in magnetized collision less dusty plasma has been investigated. The fluid model is a four component magnetized dusty plasma, consisting of positive and negative dust species, isothermal electrons and ions in the presence of an external magnetic field. A reductive perturbation method was employed to obtain the Zakharov Kuznetsov (ZK) equation for the first-order potential. The effects of the presence of positively charged dust fluid, the external magnetic field, and the obliqueness are obtained. The results of the present investigation may be applicable to some plasma environments, such as cometary tails, upper mesosphere and Jupiter\u27s magnetosphere

Enteral L-Arginine and Glutamine Supplementation for Prevention of NEC in Preterm Neonates

Objective. Evaluating the efficacy and safety of arginine and glutamine supplementation in decreasing the incidence of NEC among preterm neonates. Methods. Prospective case-control study done on 75 preterm neonates ≤34 weeks, divided equally into L-arginine group receiving enteral L-arginine, glutamine group receiving enteral glutamine, and control group. Serum L-arginine and glutamine levels were measured at time of enrollment (sample 1), after 14 days of enrollment (sample 2), and at time of diagnosis of NEC (sample 3). Results. The incidence of NEC was 9.3%. There was no difference in the frequency of NEC between L-arginine and control groups (P>0.05). NEC was not detected in glutamine group; L-arginine concentrations were significantly lower in arginine group than control group in both samples while glutamine concentrations were comparable in glutamine and control groups in both samples. No significant difference was found between groups as regards number of septic episodes, duration to reach full oral intake, or duration of hospital stay. Conclusion. Enteral L-arginine supplementation did not seem to reduce the incidence of NEC. Enteral glutamine may have a preventive role against NEC if supplied early to preterm neonates. However, larger studies are needed to confirm these findings. This work is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01263041)

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

An international cohort study of autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease due to REN mutations identifies distinct clinical subtypes

There have been few clinical or scientific reports of autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease due to REN mutations (ADTKD-REN), limiting characterization. To further study this, we formed an international cohort characterizing 111 individuals from 30 families with both clinical and laboratory findings. Sixty-nine individuals had a REN mutation in the signal peptide region (signal group), 27 in the prosegment (prosegment group), and 15 in the mature renin peptide (mature group). Signal group patients were most severely affected, presenting at a mean age of 19.7 years, with the prosegment group presenting at 22.4 years, and the mature group at 37 years. Anemia was present in childhood in 91% in the signal group, 69% prosegment, and none of the mature group. REN signal peptide mutations reduced hydrophobicity of the signal peptide, which is necessary for recognition and translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to aberrant delivery of preprorenin into the cytoplasm. REN mutations in the prosegment led to deposition of prorenin and renin in the endoplasmic reticulum Golgi intermediate compartment and decreased prorenin secretion. Mutations in mature renin led to deposition of the mutant prorenin in the endoplasmic reticulum, similar to patients with ADTKD-UMOD, with a rate of progression to end stage kidney disease (63.6 years) that was significantly slower vs. the signal (53.1 years) and prosegment groups (50.8 years) (significant hazard ratio 0.367). Thus, clinical and laboratory studies revealed subtypes of ADTKD-REN that are pathophysiologically, diagnostically, and clinically distinct

Evaluation of appendicitis risk prediction models in adults with suspected appendicitis

Background Appendicitis is the most common general surgical emergency worldwide, but its diagnosis remains challenging. The aim of this study was to determine whether existing risk prediction models can reliably identify patients presenting to hospital in the UK with acute right iliac fossa (RIF) pain who are at low risk of appendicitis. Methods A systematic search was completed to identify all existing appendicitis risk prediction models. Models were validated using UK data from an international prospective cohort study that captured consecutive patients aged 16–45 years presenting to hospital with acute RIF in March to June 2017. The main outcome was best achievable model specificity (proportion of patients who did not have appendicitis correctly classified as low risk) whilst maintaining a failure rate below 5 per cent (proportion of patients identified as low risk who actually had appendicitis). Results Some 5345 patients across 154 UK hospitals were identified, of which two‐thirds (3613 of 5345, 67·6 per cent) were women. Women were more than twice as likely to undergo surgery with removal of a histologically normal appendix (272 of 964, 28·2 per cent) than men (120 of 993, 12·1 per cent) (relative risk 2·33, 95 per cent c.i. 1·92 to 2·84; P < 0·001). Of 15 validated risk prediction models, the Adult Appendicitis Score performed best (cut‐off score 8 or less, specificity 63·1 per cent, failure rate 3·7 per cent). The Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score performed best for men (cut‐off score 2 or less, specificity 24·7 per cent, failure rate 2·4 per cent). Conclusion Women in the UK had a disproportionate risk of admission without surgical intervention and had high rates of normal appendicectomy. Risk prediction models to support shared decision‐making by identifying adults in the UK at low risk of appendicitis were identified

Some electrostatic structures of the mKP equation for a nonthermal plasma system by a unified solver technique

The reductive perturbation technique is used to obtain the Modified KP equation at critical densities distinguished by the MKPE in plasma ion pair with fast electron positron. The new structures reveal that super-solitary and period waveforms are derived via the mathematical analysis of Jacobi-elliptic function expansions (MJEFE) for MKPE. The electrostatic new structures such as super-soliton, cnoidals, shock-like, super-dispersive and superperiodic plasma waves which existed at critical densities have been introduced. The positrons (electron) nonthermality supports on nonlinear dispersive new structures have been discussed. Also, many of the obtained electrostatic solutions are important and may be applicable in ionosphere plasma observations

Shock electrostatic electron acoustic wave features in four-component electron–positron plasma

The linear (nonlinear) wave properties of dissipative electron acoustic plasma have been studied. The impacts of temperatures and densities on the properties of linear real and imaginary (growth rate) plasma frequencies have been examined. The effects of viscosities in the linear growth rate are also studied. Accordingly, the significant shock-like electrostatic field in auroral plasmas has been discussed. Furthermore, the electrostatic dissipative fields have been studied to explain experimental observations. A comparison between the obtained electrostatic dissipative fields and satellite observations in auroral plasmas is briefly discussed

Improved dust acoustic solitary waves in two temperature dust fluids

A theoretical investigation is carried out for contribution of the higher-order nonlinearity to nonlinear dust-acoustic solitary waves (DASWs) in an unmagnetized two types of dust fluids (one cold and the other is hot) in the presence of Bolltzmannian ions and electrons. A KdV equation that contains the lowest-order nonlinearity and dispersion is derived from the lowest order of perturbation and a linear inhomogeneous (KdV-type) equation that accounts for the higher-order nonlinearity and dispersion is obtained. A stationary solution for equations resulting from higher-order perturbation theory has been found using the renormalization method. The effects of hot and cold dust charge grains are found to significantly change the higher-order properties (viz. the amplitude and width) of the DASWs