NOTES ON PORTO RICAN SCALE PARASITES

Resumen en inglé

Factors Influencing the Career Decisions and the Under-Representation of African-American Male Administrators at a Predominantly White Institution of Higher Education: A Within-Case and a Cross-Case Analysis

America\u27s predominantly white institutions (PWIs) of higher education were built, developed and thrived within the social hierarchy of the American society. It was only after many political, legal, and legislative battles that the doors to America\u27s PWIs of higher education were forced open to admit the African-American student. Today, PWIs of higher education are seeking diversity in their student body, faculty and staff. The purpose of this phenomenological qualitative study was (a) to gain insight into the factors influencing African-American administrators to select a career in higher education and choose employment at a PWI, (b) to discover the similarities and differences in factors influencing the career decisions of African Americans at PWIs based on whether they attended a historically black college and universities (HBCU) or predominantly white institution (PWI); (c) to discover the factors affecting the career decisions of African-American administrators in mid-level administrative positions regarding advancement to executive-level positions and the under-representation of African-American administrators in PWIs of higher education; and (d) to examine whether white supremacy emerges as a factor influencing the career decisions of African-American administrators in mid-level administrative positions at PWIs of higher education. The cross-case and within-case analysis revealed that while all five participants, employed at a Florida Doctoral/Research University-Extensive, attended a PWI of higher education, the undergraduate institution was an influencing factor in the participant\u27s decision to enter a career in higher education. The qualifications needed to advance to an executive-level position are the terminal degree, the appropriate skills, the right training, and the necessary experience. The participants in this study believe that most PWIs of higher education are not prepared to accept African-Americans in executive-level positions, and aspects of white supremacy did emerge as a factor influencing career advancement. For African-American administrators to advance to executive-level positions the participants said a climate that is receptive, open to diversity, open to different modes of thinking, and different modes of reaching conclusions were important. This study should be replicated using a larger sample and include different types of institutions of higher education to allow multiple comparisons of within-case and cross-case analysis analyses between positions and institutions

Etiology, Composition, Development and Maintenance of Misophonia: A Conditioned Aversive Reflex Disorder

Misophonia is a recently identified condition in which an individual has an acute reaction of hatred or disgust to a specific commonly occurring sound. We propose that misophonia is a form of conditioned behavior that develops as a physical reflex through Pavlovian conditioning. Although misophonia is generally considered to be a one-step reaction, in which the sound elicits rage or disgust, as well as typical autonomic responses associated with these emotions, we propose that misophonia is a two-step reaction, in which the sound elicits an aversive conditioned physical reflex, and the aversive conditioned physical reflex elicits hatred or disgust. We also propose that the emotional response to trigger stimuli creates a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm that maintains or strengthens the misophonic physical reflex. Finally, we propose that new misophonic trigger stimuli are developed through the pairing of a neutral stimulus with a misophonic trigger stimulus. We suggest that a better name for misophonia is Conditioned Aversive Reflex Disorder (CARD) since it focuses attention on the reflexive nature of this condition and incorporates multiple stimuli modalities. A counterconditioning treatment for misophonia is presented with brief case descriptions which demonstrate the conditioned reflex nature of this disorder

A Synopsis of the Genus Stenocranus, and a New Species of Mysidia (Homoptera)

Author Institution: State Plant Board of Mississipp

An Annotated List of Mississippi Chrysomelidae

Author Institution: Stata Plant Board of Mississipp

Mandarin Market Segments Based on Consumer Sensory Evaluations

Ninety-five consumers in seven grocery stores tasted unidentified peeled sections of three mandarins (a tangerine, a satsuma, and a clementine), and provided demographic and purchase information. Forty-four percent of the respondents preferred tangerines, 34 percent satsumas, and 22 percent clementines. The probability of preferring each of type of mandarin was estimated from internal quality analysis of paired samples, as well as from demographic and purchase responses. Model simulations were used to recommend harvest standards for satsumas based on Brix-to-acid ratios.Demand and Price Analysis, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

Retrieval of subpixel snow covered area, grain size, and albedo from MODIS

We describe and validate a model that retrieves fractional snow-covered area and the grain size and albedo of that snow from surface reflectance data (product MOD09GA) acquired by NASA\u27s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The model analyzes the MODIS visible, near infrared, and shortwave infrared bands with multiple endmember spectral mixtures from a library of snow, vegetation, rock, and soil. We derive snow spectral endmembers of varying grain size from a radiative transfer model specific to a scene\u27s illumination geometry; spectra for vegetation, rock, and soil were collected in the field and laboratory. We validate the model with fractional snow cover estimates from Landsat Thematic Mapper data, at 30 m resolution, for the Sierra Nevada, Rocky Mountains, high plains of Colorado, and Himalaya. Grain size measurements are validated with field measurements during the Cold Land Processes Experiment, and albedo retrievals are validated with in situ measurements in the San Juan Mountains of Colorado. The pixel-weighted average RMS error for snow-covered area across 31 scenes is 5%, ranging from 1% to 13%. The mean absolute error for grain size was 51 μm and the mean absolute error for albedo was 4.2%. Fractional snow cover errors are relatively insensitive to solar zenith angle. Because MODSCAG is a physically based algorithm that accounts for the spatial and temporal variation in surface reflectances of snow and other surfaces, it is capable of global snow cover mapping in its more computationally efficient, operational mode

Improving alpine-region spectral unmixing with optimal-fit snow endmembers

Surface albedo and snow-covered-area (SCA) are crucial inputs to the hydrologic and climatologic modeling of alpine and seasonally snow-covered areas. Because the spectral albedo and thermal regime of pure snow depend on grain size, areal distribution of snow grain size is required. Remote sensing has been shown to be an effective (and necessary) means of deriving maps of grain size distribution and snow-covered-area. Developed here is a technique whereby maps of grain size distribution improve estimates of SCA from spectral mixture analysis with AVIRIS data