4,105 research outputs found
Agglomeration, regional grants and firm location
We examine whether discretionary government grants influence the location ofnew plants, and how effective these incentives are in the presence of agglomeration andurbanisation externalities. We find evidence that regional industrial structure affects thelocation of new entrants. Firms in more agglomerated industries locate new plants near toothers in the same industry. Firms are also attracted to industrially diversified locations.Foreign multinationals locate new plants near to other foreign-owned plants in the sameindustry. Fiscal incentives in the form of grants are found to have some effect in attractingplants to specific geographic areas eligible for such aid. We examine whether discretionary government grants influence the location ofnew plants, and how effective these incentives are in the presence of agglomeration andurbanisation externalities. We find evidence that regional industrial structure affects thelocation of new entrants. Firms in more agglomerated industries locate new plants near toothers in the same industry. Firms are also attracted to industrially diversified locations.Foreign multinationals locate new plants near to other foreign-owned plants in the sameindustry. Fiscal incentives in the form of grants are found to have some effect in attractingplants to specific geographic areas eligible for such aid
Can children withhold consent to treatment
A dilemma exists when a doctor is faced with a child or young person who refuses medically indicated treatment. The Gillick case has been interpreted by many to mean that a child of sufficient age and intelligence could validly consent or refuse consent to treatment. Recent decisions of the Court of Appeal on a child's refusal of medical treatment have clouded the issue and undermined the spirit of the Gillick decision and the Children Act 1989. It is now the case that a child patient whose competence is in doubt will be found rational if he or she accepts the proposal to treat but may be found incompetent if he or she disagrees. Practitioners are alerted to the anomalies now exhibited by the law on the issue of children's consent and refusal. The impact of the decisions from the perspectives of medicine, ethics, and the law are examined. Practitioners should review each case of child care carefully and in cases of doubt seek legal advice
A multi-scale study of infrared and radio emission from Scd galaxy M33
We investigate the energy sources of the infrared (IR) emission and their
relation to the radio continuum emission at various spatial scales within the
Scd galaxy M33. We use the wavelet transform to analyze IR data at the Spitzer
wavelengths of 24, 70, and 160m, as well as recent radio continuum data at
3.6cm and 20cm. An H map serves as a tracer of the star forming regions
and as an indicator of the thermal radio emission. We find that the dominant
scale of the 70m emission is larger than that of the 24m emission,
while the 160m emission shows a smooth wavelet spectrum. The radio and
H maps are well correlated with all 3 MIPS maps, although their
correlations with the 160m map are weaker. After subtracting the bright
HII regions, the 24 and 70m maps show weaker correlations with the 20cm
map than with the 3.6cm map at most scales. We also find a strong correlation
between the 3.6cm and H emission at all scales. Comparing the results
with and without the bright HII regions, we conclude that the IR emission is
influenced by young, massive stars increasingly with decreasing wavelength from
160 to 24m. The radio-IR correlations indicate that the warm dust-thermal
radio correlation is stronger than the cold dust-nonthermal radio correlation
at scales smaller than 4kpc. A perfect 3.6cm-H correlation implies that
extinction has no significant effect on H emitting structures.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in the Astronomy and
Astrophysics Journa
Echocardiographic left ventricular mass predicts risk of developing subsequent borderline hypertension
Is inappropriate left ventricular mass related to neurohormonal factors and/or arterial changes in hypertension? a LIFE substudy
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CAST: An Online Tool for Facilitating Local Involvement in Watershed Implementation Plans for the Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Load
Abstract The Chesapeake Assessment Scenario Tool (CAST) is an online nutrient and sediment load estimator to streamline and facilitate pollutant control plans consistent with the 2010 Chesapeake Bay total maximum daily load (Bay TMDL). CAST simplifies the process for building scenarios and provides estimates of nitrogen, phosphorus and sediment load reductions using best management practices. CAST uses the same data as was used to establish the Bay TMDL. Load reduction calculations are designed to allow rapid online scenario development while keeping the load estimations within 1% of the Watershed Model's urban loads. Because CAST is online and easy to use, local jurisdictions may deeply engage, thereby improving local management decisions and securing a higher likelihood of implementation
Changes in electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy and risk of major cardiovascular events in isolated systolic hypertension: the LIFE study
Country characteristics and the incidence of capital income taxation on wages: an empirical assessment
This paper examines the incidence of corporate income taxes on wages using data from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics for 13 OECD countries. Within a wage-bargaining framework, our econometric analysis shows that a substantial share of the corporate tax burden is shifted from capital to labour. However, the magnitude of this shift is influenced importantly by country characteristics affecting the process of wage determination, such as the degree of capital mobility, a country's relative influence over the world price of output and trade unionsâ strength
Electrocardiographic detection of left ventricular hypertrophy using echocardiographic determination of left ventricular mass as the reference standard Comparison of standard criteria, computer diagnosis and physician interpretation
Electrocardiographic findings of left ventricular hypertrophy were compared with echocardiographic left ventricular mass in 148 patients to assess performance of standard electrocardiographic criteria, the IBM Bonner program and physician interpretation. On echocardiography, 43% of the patients had left ventricular hypertrophy (left ventricular mass > 215 g). Sokolow-Lyon voltage (S in V1+ R in V5or V6) and Romhilt-Estes point score correlated modestly with left ventricular mass (r = 0.40, p < 0.001 and r = 0.55, p < 0.001, respectively). Sensitivity of Sokolow-Lyon voltage greater than 3.5 mV for left ventricular hypertrophy was only 22%, but specificity was 93%. Point score for probable left ventricular hypertrophy (â„ 4 points) had 48% sensitivity and 85% specificity, whereas definite hypertrophy (â„ 5 points) had 34% sensitivity and 98% specificity. Computer analysis resulted in 45% sensitivity and 83% specificity. Overall diagnostic accuracy of the IBM Bonner program (67%) was better than that of Sokolow-Lyon voltage (62%), but worse than the Romhilt-Estes point score (69% for â„ 4 points or 70% for â„ 5 points). Three cardiologists interpreted electrocardiograms independently and in a blinded fashion. Physician sensitivity was 56%, specificity 92% and accuracy 76%. Correlation with left ventricular hypertrophy was good (r = 0.70, p < 0.001).It is concluded that: 1) computer diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy by the IBM Bonner program is no more accurate than diagnosis by Sokolow-Lyon or Romhilt-Estes criteria, and 2) physician recognition of left ventricular hypertrophy is more accurate. This suggests that additional information about left ventricular hypertrophy is present in the electrocardiogram that is not detectable by standard criteria or the IBM computer program
The molecular polar disc in NGC 2768
We present CO(1-0) and CO(2-1) maps of the molecular polar disc in the
elliptical galaxy NGC 2768 obtained at the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer.
The maps have a resolution of 2.6" x 2.3" and 1.2" x 1.2" for the CO(1-0) and
CO(2-1) lines, respectively. The CO maps complete the unique picture of the
interstellar medium (ISM) of NGC 2768; the dust, molecular gas, ionised gas and
neutral hydrogen (HI) trace the recent acquisition of cold and cool gas over
two orders of magnitude in radii (and much more in density). In agreement with
the other ISM components, the CO distribution extends nearly perpendicularly to
the photometric major axis of the galaxy. Velocity maps of the CO show a
rotating polar disc or ring in the inner kiloparsec. This cool gas could lead
to kinematic substructure formation within NGC 2768. However, the stellar
velocity field and H-beta absorption linestrength maps from the optical
integral-field spectrograph SAURON give no indication of a young and
dynamically cold stellar population coincident with the molecular polar disc.
Very recent or weak star formation, undetectable in linestrengths, nevertheless
remains a possibility and could be at the origin of some of the ionised gas
observed. Millimetre continuum emission was also detected in NGC 2768, now one
of only a few low-luminosity active galactic nuclei with observed millimetre
continuum emission.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 11 pages, 8 figure
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