Pengaruh Lama Pengukusan Adonan Terhadap Kualitas Fisik Dan Kimia Kerupuk Ikan Lele Dumbo (Clarias Gariepinus)

Kerupuk ikan diolah dengan metode pengolahan suhu tinggi salah satunya tahap pengukusan adonan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui konsentrasi terbaik daging ikan lele pada pembuatan kerupuk ikan dan mengetahui pengaruh lama pengukusan adonan terhadap kualitas kerupuk ikan Lele Dumbo (Clarias gariepinus). Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah ikan Lele Dumbo. Metode penelitian yang digunakan bersifat experimental laboratories dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan yang diterapkan adalah lama peangukusan adonan yang berbeda antara lain 45, 60, dan 90 menit. Parameter yang diamati adalah karakteristik kerupuk ikan baik fisik maupun kimia melalui pengujian organoleptik, uji kemekaran, kadar air, kadar abu, kadar protein dan asam amino lisin. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisa ragam (ANOVA) dan uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan lama pengukusan adonan memberikan pengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap kualitas fisik dan kimia. Kerupuk dengan lama pengukusan adonan selama 45 menit memiliki kualitas terbaik dengan kriteria: uji organoleptik 8.45 , daya kemekaran 39%, kadar air 7,98%, kadar abu 1,66%, kadar protein 11,88%, asam amino lisin 50,03 mg/g

A decision exercise to engage cancer patients and families in Deliberation about Medicare Coverage for advanced Cancer Care

BACKGROUND: Concerns about unsustainable costs in the US Medicare program loom as the number of retirees increase and experiences serious and costly illnesses like cancer. Engagement of stakeholders, particularly cancer patients and their families, in prioritizing insured services offers a valuable strategy for informing Medicare coverage policy. We designed and evaluated a decision exercise that allowed cancer patients and family members to choose Medicare benefits for advanced cancer patients. METHODS: The decision tool, Choosing Health plans All Together (CHAT) was modified to select services for advanced cancer patients. Patients with a cancer history (N = 246) and their family members (N = 194) from North Carolina participated in 70 CHAT sessions. Variables including participants’ socio-demographic characteristics, health status, assessments of the exercise and results of group benefit selections were collected. Routine descriptive statistics summarized participant characteristics and Fisher’s exact test compared group differences. Qualitative analysis of group discussions were used to ascertain reasons for or against selecting benefits. RESULTS: Patients and family members (N = 440) participated in 70 CHAT exercises. Many groups opted for such services as palliative care, nursing facilities, and services not currently covered by the Medicare program. In choosing among four levels of cancer treatment coverage, no groups chose basic coverage, 27 groups (39%) selected intermediate coverage, 39 groups (56%) selected high coverage, and 4 groups (6%) chose the most comprehensive cancer coverage. Reasons for or against benefit selection included fairness, necessity, need for prioritizing, personal experience, attention to family needs, holistic health outlook, preference for comfort, freedom of choice, and beliefs about the proper role of government. Participants found the exercise very easy (59%) or fairly easy (39%) to understand and very informative (66%) or fairly informative (31%). The majority agreed that the CHAT exercise led to fair decisions about priorities for coverage by which they could abide. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to involve cancer patients and families in explicit discussions of their priorities for affordable advanced cancer care through the use of decision tools designed for this purpose. A key question is whether such a conversation is possible on a broader, national level

Ozone loss derived from balloon-borne tracer measurements in the 1999/2000 Arctic winter

Balloon-borne measurements of CFC11 (from the DIRAC in situ gas chromatograph and the DESCARTES grab sampler), ClO and O3 were made during the 1999/2000 Arctic winter as part of the SOLVE-THESEO 2000 campaign, based in Kiruna (Sweden). Here we present the CFC11 data from nine flights and compare them first with data from other instruments which flew during the campaign and then with the vertical distributions calculated by the SLIMCAT 3D CTM. We calculate ozone loss inside the Arctic vortex between late January and early March using the relation between CFC11 and O3 measured on the flights. The peak ozone loss (~1200ppbv) occurs in the 440-470K region in early March in reasonable agreement with other published empirical estimates. There is also a good agreement between ozone losses derived from three balloon tracer data sets used here. The magnitude and vertical distribution of the loss derived from the measurements is in good agreement with the loss calculated from SLIMCAT over Kiruna for the same days

ANALISIS STRATEGI PEMASARAN PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DALAM PENINGKATAN PENJUALAN DI PT.KENCANA DELIMA

ABSTRAK Pandemi covid-19 menuntut perusahaan untuk mampu menerapkan strategi pemasaran yang tepat agar dapat terhindar dari risiko persaingan dan kerugian. PT. Kencana Delima merupakan perusahaan yang rentan terhadap dampak dari pandemi covid-19, namum PT. Kencana Delima dianggap memiliki peluang terhadap kebutuhan pasar dimasa pandemi covid-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi pemasaran yang tepat untuk meningkatkan penjualan dimasa pandemi covid-19. Penelitian berfokus pada perumusan strategi pemasaran, faktor internal dan eksternal di PT. Kencana Delima dan penentuan strategi pemasaran untuk PT. Kencana Delima di masa pandemi covid-19. Metode yang digunakan yaitu studi kasus dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui teknik triangulasi dengan pihak terkait yang mendukung penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kegiatan pemasaran yang dilakukan oleh PT. Kencana Delima belum dapat memberikan hasil yang sesuai berdasarkan perhitungan Return of Marketing Investment yaitu sebesar 9 kali yang artinya biaya pemasaran yang dikeluarkan belum dapat memaksimalkan penjualan. Faktor intenal dan eksternal yang masih menjadi penghambat saat ini adalah kurangnya tenaga pemasar, kurangnya brand awareness dan tingkat persaingan yang tinggi. Posisi kompetitif yang dimiliki PT. Kencana Delima berada pada sel 2 yaitu “Investasi atau Kembangkan” dengan nilai faktor internal – eksternal (2.67 – 3.13) dimana PT. Kencana Delima harus mengembangkan bisnis dengan memberikan perhatian lebih pada bidang Research & Development, periklanan, akuisisi dan peningkatan kapasitas produksi untuk memenuhi permintaan dimasa depan. Kata Kunci : Strategi Pemasaran, Peningkatan Penjualan, Pandemi Covid-1

Lattice anisotropy in uranium ternary compounds: UTX

Several U-based intermetallic compounds (UCoGe, UNiGe with the TiNiSi structure type and UNiAl with the ZrNiAl structure type) and their hydrides were studied from the point of view of compressibility and thermal expansion. Confronted with existing data for the compounds with the ZrNiAl structure type a common pattern emerges. The direction of the U-U bonds with participation of the 5f states is distinctly the "soft" crystallographic direction, exhibiting also the highest coefficient of linear thermal expansion. The finding leads to an apparent paradox: the closer the U atoms are together in a particular direction the better they can be additionally compressed together by applied hydrostatic pressure. (C) 2012 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved

Quality Control Measures over 30 Years in a Multicenter Clinical Study: Results from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial / Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study.

Implementation of multicenter and/or longitudinal studies requires an effective quality assurance program to identify trends, data inconsistencies and process variability of results over time. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and the follow-up Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study represent over 30 years of data collection among a cohort of participants across 27 clinical centers. The quality assurance plan is overseen by the Data Coordinating Center and is implemented across the clinical centers and central reading units. Each central unit incorporates specific DCCT/EDIC quality monitoring activities into their routine quality assurance plan. The results are reviewed by a data quality assurance committee whose function is to identify variances in quality that may impact study results from the central units as well as within and across clinical centers, and to recommend implementation of corrective procedures when necessary. Over the 30-year period, changes to the methods, equipment, or clinical procedures have been required to keep procedures current and ensure continued collection of scientifically valid and clinically relevant results. Pilot testing to compare historic processes with contemporary alternatives is performed and comparability is validated prior to incorporation of new procedures into the study. Details of the quality assurance plan across and within the clinical and central reading units are described, and quality outcomes for core measures analyzed by the central reading units (e.g. biochemical samples, fundus photographs, ECGs) are presented

Interleukin-1 polymorphisms associated with increased risk of gastric cancer

Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with a variety of clinical outcomes including gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer disease. The reasons for this variation are not clear, but the gastric physiological response is influenced by the severity and anatomical distribution of gastritis induced by H. pylori. Thus, individuals with gastritis predominantly localized to the antrum retain normal (or even high) acid secretion, whereas individuals with extensive corpus gastritis develop hypochlorhydria and gastric atrophy, which are presumptive precursors of gastric cancer. Here we report that interleukin-1 gene cluster polymorphisms suspected of enhancing production of interleukin-1-beta are associated with an increased risk of both hypochlorhydria induced by H. pylori and gastric cancer. Two of these polymorphism are in near-complete linkage disequilibrium and one is a TATA-box polymorphism that markedly affects DNA-protein interactions in vitro. The association with disease may be explained by the biological properties of interleukin-1-beta, which is an important pro-inflammatory cytokine and a powerful inhibitor of gastric acid secretion. Host genetic factors that affect interleukin-1-beta may determine why some individuals infected with H. pylori develop gastric cancer while others do no