IMMOBILON® VET. Et hojpotent/—toksisk veterinaert anaestetikum

No abstract availabl

Characteristics of summer-time energy exchange in a high Arctic tundra heath 2000–2010

Global warming will bring about changes in surface energy balance of Arctic ecosystems, which will have implications for ecosystem structure and functioning, as well as for climate system feedback mechanisms. In this study, we present a unique, long-term (2000–2010) record of summer-time energy balance components (net radiation, R n; sensible heat flux, H; latent heat flux, LE; and soil heat flux, G) from a high Arctic tundra heath in Zackenberg, Northeast Greenland. This area has been subjected to strong summer-time warming with increasing active layer depths (ALD) during the last decades. We observe high energy partitioning into H, low partitioning into LE and high Bowen ratio (β=H/LE) compared with other Arctic sites, associated with local climatic conditions dominated by onshore winds, slender vegetation with low transpiration activity and relatively dry soils. Surface saturation vapour pressure deficit (D s) was found to be an important variable controlling within-year surface energy partitioning. Throughout the study period, we observe increasing H/R n and LE/R n and decreasing G/R n and β, related to increasing ALD and decreasing soil wetness. Thus, changes in summer-time surface energy balance partitioning in Arctic ecosystems may be of importance for the climate system

The Lyngen Gabbro: the lower crust of an Ordovician Incipient-Arc

We present evidence for the origin of the Lyngen Gabbro of the Ordovician Lyngen Magmatic Complex in Troms, Northern Norway. The two magmatic suites of the Lyngen Gabbro strike parallel NNE-SSW, and have distinct magmatic signatures. We define these signatures by using major and trace-element analyses together with selected major- and trace-element mineral analyses and 143Nd/144Nd-isotope whole-rock analyses of gabbroic to tonalitic plutonic rocks from seven detailed cross-sections from this large gabbro-complex. The Western suite of the Lyngen Gabbro precipitated from magma that may have been derived from the same system as the associated volcanic rocks. The gabbros have high An-content (An>90) of their plagioclases relative to co-existing mafic minerals. Together with somewhat high ɛNd(t) values (+6), this implies that the parental magmas were hydrous tholeiites similar to those found in back arc basins today. The Eastern suite, on the other hand, consist of cumulates that were precipitated from melts resembling those of ultra-depleted high-Ca boninitic magmas found in fore-arcs. Extremely high-An plagioclases (An>95) co-exist with evolved mafic minerals and oxides, and the ɛNd(t) values are lower (+4) than in the Western suite. The Eastern suite has no volcanic counterpart, but dikes intersecting the suites have compositions that possibly represent its parental magma. The oceanic Rypdalen Shear Zone generally separates the two suites in the north, but several non-tectonic transitions from boninitic to tholeiitic signatures southwards advocate that the magmatism happened concurrently. The magmatic proximity between the suites, the hydrous magmatism and the absence of a silicic or calc-alkaline mature arc section, suggests that the Lyngen Gabbro formed in the Iapetus Ocean under conditions presently found in incipient arcs later emplaced as outer arc highs

Improved vanillin production in baker's yeast through in silico design

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Vanillin is one of the most widely used flavouring agents, originally obtained from cured seed pods of the vanilla orchid <it>Vanilla planifolia</it>. Currently vanillin is mostly produced <it>via </it>chemical synthesis. A <it>de novo </it>synthetic pathway for heterologous vanillin production from glucose has recently been implemented in baker's yeast, <it>Saccharamyces cerevisiae</it>. In this study we aimed at engineering this vanillin cell factory towards improved productivity and thereby at developing an attractive alternative to chemical synthesis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Expression of a glycosyltransferase from <it>Arabidopsis thaliana </it>in the vanillin producing <it>S. cerevisiae </it>strain served to decrease product toxicity. An <it>in silico </it>metabolic engineering strategy of this vanillin glucoside producing strain was designed using a set of stoichiometric modelling tools applied to the yeast genome-scale metabolic network. Two targets (<it>PDC1 </it>and <it>GDH1</it>) were selected for experimental verification resulting in four engineered strains. Three of the mutants showed up to 1.5 fold higher vanillin β-D-glucoside yield in batch mode, while continuous culture of the <it>Δpdc1 </it>mutant showed a 2-fold productivity improvement. This mutant presented a 5-fold improvement in free vanillin production compared to the previous work on <it>de novo </it>vanillin biosynthesis in baker's yeast.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Use of constraints corresponding to different physiological states was found to greatly influence the target predictions given minimization of metabolic adjustment (MOMA) as biological objective function. <it>In vivo </it>verification of the targets, selected based on their predicted metabolic adjustment, successfully led to overproducing strains. Overall, we propose and demonstrate a framework for <it>in silico </it>design and target selection for improving microbial cell factories.</p

In Situ U–Pb Monazite and Xenotime Geochronology of the Abra Polymetallic Deposit and Associated Sedimentary and Volcanic Rocks, Bangemall Supergroup, Western Australia

Abra is a major lead–silver–copper–gold deposit within the Bangemall Supergroup that has a total indicated and inferred resource estimate of 93 million tonnes at 4.0% lead and 10 g/t silver and 14 million tonnes at 0.6% copper and 0.5 g/t gold. The mineralization lies within the upper part of the locally defi ned Gap Well Formation, and in the lower part of the overlying West Creek Formation. These units correlate respectively with the Irregully and lower Kiangi Creek Formations of the Edmund Group.The Abra deposit is characterized by a funnel-shaped brecciated zone, interpreted as a breccia feeder-pipe, overlain by stratabound mineralization made up of the Red Zone, an underlying Black Zone, and a stringer (feeder) zone. The Red Zone is characterized by banded jaspilite, hematite, galena, pyrite, quartz, abundant barite, and siderite. The Black Zone consists of veins and rhythmically banded Pb, Zn, and minor Cu sulfi des, laminated and/or brecciated hematite, magnetite, Fe-rich carbonate, barite, and scheelite.In situ Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U–Pb geochronology of detrital zircon, monazite, and xenotime in sandstones from the Abra deposit yields a range of dates from c. 2450 Ma to c. 1675 Ma, consistent with results from previous detrital zircon studies. SHRIMP dating of hydrothermal monazite from the Abra deposit suggests that a mineralization event occurred at c. 1385 Ma. The presence of c. 1465 Ma metamorphic/hydrothermal monazite in sandstones from Abra indicates that the host rocks are older and therefore belong to the Edmund Group. SHRIMP geochronology of xenotime extracted from the Tangadee Rhyolite, which outcrops within the lower Kiangi Creek Formation close to the Abra deposit, yields two main age components corresponding to oscillatory-zoned cores and unzoned rims. The cores are interpreted as magmatic in origin and indicate a possible eruption age of c. 1235 Ma, whereas the rims are interpreted to record a later hydrothermal event at c. 1030 Ma. If this interpretation is correct, then the sedimentary succession containing the rhyolite is younger than the Edmund Group (1465 Ma), and may belong to the basal Collier Group (1070 Ma) although the geological setting does not support this

Correlations in Ising chains with non-integrable interactions

Two-spin correlations generated by interactions which decay with distance r as r^{-1-sigma} with -1 <sigma <0 are calculated for periodic Ising chains of length L. Mean-field theory indicates that the correlations, C(r,L), diminish in the thermodynamic limit L -> \infty, but they contain a singular structure for r/L -> 0 which can be observed by introducing magnified correlations, LC(r,L)-\sum_r C(r,L). The magnified correlations are shown to have a scaling form F(r/L) and the singular structure of F(x) for x->0 is found to be the same at all temperatures including the critical point. These conclusions are supported by the results of Monte Carlo simulations for systems with sigma =-0.50 and -0.25 both at the critical temperature T=Tc and at T=2Tc.Comment: 13 pages, latex, 5 eps figures in a separate uuencoded file, to appear in Phys.Rev.

Association between plasma activities of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase and angiotensin-converting enzyme in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Aims/hypothesis: Plasma semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) is elevated in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetic late complications. The regulation of SSAO production remains unknown. We studied correlations between plasma SSAO activity and parameters associated with diabetic late complications. Methods: Plasma SSAO was measured in a well-characterised group of 287 patients with type 1 diabetes. Standard statistical methods were used to investigate correlations with clinical parameters and components of the renin-angiotensin system. Results: Overall, plasma SSAO was elevated, at 693±196 mU/l (mean±SD; normal controls 352±102 mU/l). Plasma SSAO was higher in the group with late complications or hypertension, and in patients treated with ACE-inhibitors. In univariate analysis a significant positive correlation (p<0.001, r=0.27) was found between plasma SSAO and serum ACE activity in patients untreated with ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor antagonists (n=221), but plasma SSAO did not differ by ACE I/D genotype. Plasma SSAO correlated positively with duration of diabetes, HbA1c and plasma renin, and negatively with plasma angiotensinogen and body mass index. A multiple regression analysis including these variables resulted in serum ACE activity (p<0.001), ACE genotype (negatively, p<0.001) and HbA 1c (p=0.023) as explaining variables. Conclusions/interpretation: Results suggest that a common factor is involved in the regulation of both plasma SSAO and serum ACE, which is different from the genetic determination of ACE activity

Selma chondrite

7 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.Includes bibliographical references (p. 7)

Forests, bioenergy and climate change mitigation: are the worries justified?

No abstract availabl

More fodder for the oven? Dealing with forest-related conflicts arising from the production and use of energy wood in Europe

Results from the COOL project201