Study Oxidative Stress Statues In Hypertension Women

The oxidative stress is result of unbalancing between oxidants and antioxidants in the body. Hypertension (HT) is a measure of average systolic blood pressure which created by the heart contracting, greater ?140 mmHg or an average diastolic blood pressure, which is the heart fills, of ?equal to 90 mmHg. The study is conducted on 28 female patients with HT from Ibn Al-nafese hospital in addition to 28 female control. The markers measured are albumin, malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-Hydroxy deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Also electrophoresis study on extracted DNA with Fenton reaction was done. Results of this study show there are high significant decrease (p?0.01) in albumin concentration of patient related to control, and there is a high significant increase (p? 0.01) in each MDA and 8-OHdG for patients group in comparison with controls. The Fenton reaction done shows that oxidant has degradation effect on DNA either in two minutes of reaction. It is concluded that oxidative stress in its parameter (albumin) and markers (MDA and 8-OHdG) is main chemical manifestation of group under study. And oxidants produced by Fenton can denature the DNA in vitro

A preliminary study on the effect of employing bile liquid in a starter diet on performance of young heavy breed chicks

Heavy breed day-old chicks fed Isonitrogenous-Isocaloric diets supplemented with 0.0, 2.0 and 4.0% fresh bovine bile liquid, for three weeks. The three types of diets comprised the experimental dietary treatments, from which the effect of including bile liquid in heavy breed chicks diet on their most prominent economical traits were studied. Results showed that the three groups of birds, consumed almost the same amount of feed during the three weeks of experimental period. However, a significant increase in daily growth rate(DGR)occurred as a result of bile liquid in starter diets. The estimated superiority of this traits, DGR, was found to be 10.76% on an average basis, higher than that of the control group. A good reflection of this phenomenon on feed conversion ratio was observed, as birds fed diets contained 2.0 and 4.0% bile liquid surpassed the control group by 8.75 and 10.63%, respectively. Body weights at third week of age were 8.06 and 10.60% heavier for the two treated groups, respectively, than the control one. Results indicate that the nutritive value of starter diets supplemented with bile liquid warrant further investigation based on long term experiments to make a decision in this direction

Agroforestry Practices and its Relationship to Farmers' Income in Bura'a Mountain Region, Hodaidah Yemen

Farmers in Yemen have been practicing traditional agroforestry systems for a long time. These practices provide the main source of income for the local people. The study attempted to examine the agroforestry practices in Bura'a Mountain region of Yemen. The study also examined the relatio~~sh~p between income of farmers and its determinants. The study was conducted through a survey of 130 families in 11 villages at Bura'a Mountain Repon, 118 as agroforestry farmers and 32 as nonagroforestry farmers, by using simple random sampling technique. The primary data were collected from personal interviews with the head of household using a structured questionnaire and some information were collected from published reports available at the FA0 office at Sana'a, General Directorate of Forestry and Desertification Control and Ministry of Agricultural and Irrigation (DGFDC). The study described the agroforestry practices in the area and types of agroforestry systems found are agrisilvicultural, agrosilvopastoral and apiculture. Agrisilvicultural system is common in the highland of Bura'a. The main components of the systems are the perennial crops like coffee and qat with multipurpose trees. The agrosilvopastoral system is found in the plain of Bura'a and the components are the annual crops like sorghum, maze and millet with multipurpose. The apiculture system is also found but not much commonly. About 13.5 percent of the farmers have beehives in the study area. The average income of agroforestry farmers is estimated 345,495 YR (USD 1919.4) per family per year, while the average income of non-agroforestrv farmers is estimatedl62,247 YR (USD 901.4) per family per year. The average income of AF is higher than the average income of NAF farmers. The results of regression analysis indicate that the income of farmers is si@cantly related to the land size holding, number of livestock holding and family size. The results also show that the presence of coffee as a component of the agroforestry system increases farmers' income. Educatwn is also found positively related to the income of the farm household. However, the income is not related to the age of the farmers. The farmers of the study area in need of financial support to increase their production. Some policy recommendations are also highlighted in order to improve agroforestry practices in the region

Polysulphate: A New Enhanced Oil Recovery Additive to Maximize the Oil Recovery From Carbonate Reservoirs at High Temperature

Seawater (SW) injection is an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) success in the North Sea carbonate reservoirs due to wettability alteration toward a more water-wet state. This process is triggered by the difference in composition between injection and formation water (FW). “Smartwater” with optimized ionic composition can easily be made under laboratory conditions to improve oil recovery beyond that of SW. However, in the field, its preparation may require specific water treatment processes, e.g., desalination, nanofiltration, or addition of specific salts. In this work, a naturally occurring salt called Polysulphate (PS) is investigated as an additive to produce smartwater. Outcrop chalk from Stevns Klint (SK), consisting of 98% biogenic CaCO3, was used to investigate the potential and efficiency of the PS brines to alter wettability in chalk. The solubility of PS in SW and deionized water, and brine stability at high temperatures were measured. Energy dispersive X-ray and ion chromatography were used to determine the composition of the PS salt and EOR solutions, and to evaluate the sulphate adsorption on the chalk surface, a catalyst for the wettability alteration process. Spontaneous imbibition (SI), for evaluating wettability alteration of PS brines into mixed-wet chalk was performed at 90 and 110°C and compared against the recovery performance of FW and SW. The solubility tests showed that the salt was easily soluble in both deionized water and SW with less than 5% solid residue. The deionized PS brine contained sulphate and calcium ion concentrations of 31.5 and 15.2 mM, respectively, and total salinity was 4.9 g/L. This brine composition is very promising for triggering wettability alteration in chalk. The SW PS brine contained 29.6 mM calcium ions and 55.9 mM sulphate ions, and a total salinity of 38.1 g/L. Compared with ordinary SW, this brine has the potential for improved wettability alteration in chalk due to increased sulphate content. Ion chromatography revealed that the sulphate adsorbed when PS brines were flooded through the core, which is an indication that wettability alteration can take place during brine injection. The reactivity was also enhanced by increasing the temperature from 25 to 90°C. Finally, the oil recovery tests by SI showed that PS brines were capable of inducing wettability alteration, improving oil recovery beyond that obtained by FW imbibition. The difference in oil recovery between ordinary SW and SW PS imbibition was smaller due to the already favorable composition of SW. PS brines showed a significant potential for wettability alteration in carbonates and are validated as a potential EOR additive for easy and on-site preparation of smartwater brines for carbonate oil reservoirs. PS salt, added to the EOR solution, provides the essential ions for the wettability alteration process, but further optimization is needed to characterize the optimal mixing ratios, ion compositions, and temperature ranges at which EOR effects can be achieved.publishedVersio

Genetic relatedness and host specificity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis patients

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the primary pathogens isolated more frequently in cystic fibrosis (CF) and it exhibits innate resistance to a wide range of antibiotics. Purpose: We sought to determine whether the highly prevalent genotypes of P. aeruginosa are specifically linked to CF patients and have any related multidrug antibiotic resistance. Isolates from hospitalized non-CF patients and from environmental sources were also genotypically analyzed. Methods: Collections of P. aeruginosa from lower respiratory secretions (n=45) were genotyped using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Phenotypic screening for antibiotic susceptibility was performed for the common antimicrobial agents by E-test and automated Phoenix method. Results: P. aeruginosa isolates from CF (n=32), hospitalized non-CF patients (n=13), and environment sources (n=5) were analyzed. The population structure of P. aeruginosa is highly diverse and population-specific. All PFGE results of P. aeruginosa isolates fall among four major clusters. Cluster 1 contained 16 P. aeruginosa isolates from CF patients and two from environmental sources; cluster 2 contained 11 P. aeruginosa isolates from CF and one each from non-CF and environmental sources; cluster 3 contained 12 P. aeruginosa isolates from hospitalized non-CF patients and two P. aeruginosa isolates from one CF patient and one environmental source; and cluster 4 consisted of three isolates from CF patients and one from the environment. The majority of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates were in clusters 3 and 4. P. aeruginosa isolates from CF patients were resistant to ciprofloxacin (34.4%) followed by resistance to amikacin and gentamicin (each 28%), whereas the majority of isolates from non-CF patients were resistant to meropenem (69%) and were grouped in cluster 3. Conclusion: PFGE of P. aeruginosa isolates from CF patients shows a high degree of similarity, suggesting specific adaptation of these clones to CF-affected lungs. The hospitalized non-CF cluster has a different clonal origin, indicating specific clustering in a specific location, suggesting hospital-acquired P. aeruginosa infections.The Qatar National Research Fund (UREP 14-026-3-010)

Knowledge and attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination in Sudan: A cross-sectional study

Background: Vaccines are an essential part of public health interventions to mitigate the devastating health and non-health impacts of COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the fact that Sudan launched the COVID-19 vaccination program in March 2021, only 10% of the population received their two primary doses of vaccines by the end of May 2022. This delayed uptake of vaccines obviously warrants investigation. Therefore, we have conducted this study to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and acceptance of the general population in Sudan toward COVID-19 vaccines. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional community-based study. The data were collected using an electronic questionnaire from 403 individuals living in Khartoum, Sudan. The data were processed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), and data analysis was performed using appropriate tests. Results: 51% of the participants were found to have sufficient knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine, and the knowledge level is higher among those educated beyond the secondary school and those who were employed. Among those unvaccinated, only 47% of the participants expressed their intention to take the vaccine when offered to them. The major reason for not trusting the vaccine is safety concerns expressed by 65.5% of the unvaccinated. Conclusion: Higher education levels and employment were associated with an increase in sufficient knowledge about the vaccine in around half of the participants. However, most of participants had not taken the vaccine at the time of the study, and the trust in vaccines is not high. Effective interventions by the health authorities are needed to address these issues in order to accelerate the COVID-19 vaccination program in Sudan

Resistance of Asian Cryptococcus neoformans Serotype A Is Confined to Few Microsatellite Genotypes

Contains fulltext : 109375.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)BACKGROUND: Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic yeast that causes cryptococcosis, a life threatening disease. The prevalence of cryptococcosis in Asia has been rising after the onset of the AIDS epidemic and estimates indicate more than 120 cases per 1,000 HIV-infected individuals per year. Almost all cryptococcal disease cases in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients in Asia are caused by C. neoformans var. grubii. Epidemiological studies on C. neoformans in pan-Asia have not been reported. The present work studies the genetic diversity of the fungus by microsatellite typing and susceptibility analysis of approximately 500 isolates from seven Asian countries. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Genetic diversity of Asian isolates of C. neoformans was determined using microsatellite analysis with nine microsatellite markers. The analysis revealed eight microsatellite complexes (MCs) which showed different distributions among geographically defined populations. A correlation between MCs and HIV-status was observed. Microsatellite complex 2 was mainly associated with isolates from HIV-negative patients, whereas MC8 was associated with those from HIV-positive patients. Most isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and isavuconazole, but 17 (3.4%) and 10 (2%) were found to be resistant to 5-flucytosine and fluconazole, respectively. Importantly, five Indonesian isolates (approximately 12.5% from all Indonesian isolates investigated and 1% from the total studied isolates) were resistant to both antifungals. The majority of 5-flucytosine resistant isolates belonged to MC17. CONCLUSIONS: The findings showed a different distribution of genotypes of C. neoformans var. grubii isolates from various countries in Asia, as well as a correlation of the microsatellite genotypes with the original source of the strains and resistance to 5-flucytosine