Rapid identification and differentiation of the vaccine strain Rac H from EHV 1 field isolates using a non-radioactive DNA probe

A method for rapid differentiation between the EHV 1 live vaccine strain Rac H and field isolates is described. Total DNA was isolated from virus-infected small scale cell cultures. DNA fragments digested with restriction endonuclease BamHI were separated, transfered and immobilized on filter membranes. A Digoxigenin-labeled probe derived from EHV 1 was used for hybridization. This probe hybridized specifically to sequences of the inverted terminal repeat region which in case of Rac H include a deletion of 0.8 kb. By comparing the different migration patterns after blot hybridization it could be shown that in 65 isolates from cases of abortion the live vaccine strain Rac H was not involve

Einsatz von Erwinia tasmaniensis und Bacillus amyloliquefaciens als bakterielle Antagonisten zur biologischen Kontrolle des Feuerbrands

Erwinia tasmaniensis und Bacillus amyloliquefaciens sind Antagonisten, die in Ko-Kultur eine vergleichbare Hemmwirkung auf den Feuerbranderreger Erwinia amylovora aufweisen. Unter Zugabe von Kulturüberständen der Antagonisten bei Anzucht von E. amylovora bestätigten sich Unterschiede in den potentiellen Wirkmechanismen der beiden Antagonisten. Während B. amyloliquefaciens Toxine mit einem hemmenden Effekt auf E. amylovora produziert, beruht die Wirkung von E. tasmaniensis auf dem Konkurrenzprinzip um vorhandene Nährstoffe, eine Toxinbildung ist für diesen Antagonisten nicht nachgewiesen. Zwischen verschiedenen Isolaten der Art B. amyloliquefaciens konnten vergleichbare Hemmeffekte beobachtet werden. In Hinblick auf eine Anwendung der Antagonisten in der Praxis wurde im Labor und Freiland mit formulierten Produktmustern gearbeitet. Die Formulierung der Antagonisten hatte keinen negativen Einfluss auf deren Wachstum und war mit dem Wachstum von nicht-formulierten Zellen vergleichbar. Unterschiede zeigten sich bei der Lagerstabilität: Während die Sporen von B. amyloliquefaciens bis zu zwei Jahren stabil gelagert werden konnte, war beim formulierten E. tasmaniensis nach wenigen Wochen ein rascher Abfall der Lebendzellzahl bei RT zu beobachten. Die Lagerung bei 4°C ermöglichte eine stabile Aufbewahrung von E. tasmaniensis von bis zu neun Monaten. Auf der Blüte, dem primären Einsatzort des Antagonisten, zeigten B. amyloliquefaciens max. 50% und E. tasmaniensis max. 80% Wirkungsgrad von im Laborassay. Die Entwicklung der Antagonisten auf der Blüte war vergleichbar, es zeigte sich allerdings ein deutlicher Unterschied bezüglich der maximalen Zelldichte. Im Fall von B. amyloliquefaciens war diese 10 bis 100-fach geringer als die von E. tasmaniensis. Untersuchungen zum Sporenanteil auf der Blüte ergaben, dass 24 h bis 36 h nach der Applikation von B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42 die Zellen sporulieren. Im Freiland konnte E. tasmaniensis in drei Jahren, auch bei hohem Feuerbrandbefall, konstante Wirkungsgrade von ca. 60% erreichen. Die Wirkung von B. amyloliquefaciens war stark von der Zugabe von Additiven abhängig und lag bei ca. 50%. Die Bestimmung von Eigenschaften, die eine Rolle beim Antagonismus spielen, ist ein wichtiger Aspekt für die Selektion. Dazu zählt auch die Anpassung an den Lebensraum auf der Blüte. Der genetische Hintergrund einer Transposonmutante von E. tasmaniensis mit einem auffälligen Phänotyp bezüglich Adhäsion und Pigmentbildung wurde genauer untersucht und auf homologe Eigenschaften in E. amylovora überprüft. Für eine effektivere Vorselektion potentieller Feuerbrandantagonisten wurde mit der Entwicklung eines in planta Screenings im 96-Well Format begonnen

Contribuição a um estudo principiológico do direito : Aplicação dos princípios constitucionais da administração pública.

Orientador : Angela Cassia CostaldelloMonografia (graduação) - Universidade Federal do Paraná,Setor de Ciencias Juridicas, Curso de Graduação em DireitoO desenvolvimento do Estado Democrático impõe que as tarefas desempenhadas pelo Estado revistam-se de garantias e sejam pautadas por critérios aptos a possibilitar aos cidadãos, a quem um Estado desta natureza deve servir, o exercício de todo rol de direitos legalmente estabelecidos. A Administração Pública assume neste sentido importante função de efetivação destas garantias, necessitando contudo instrumentais aptos a impor que sua tarefa se realize de modo satisfatório. Os princípios regentes da Administração, elencados no art. 37 da Constituição Federal vêm neste aspecto assumir fundamental relevância, visto que constituem aparato teórico de grande utilidade para substituir uma concepção formal do Direito, por uma visão que possibilite uma hermenêutica pautada em valores, os quais, como conjunto de preceitos eleitos pelos membros de dada sociedade, revelam a concepção de justiça aceita por aquele grupo social. Neste sentido, impõe-se uma análise do desenvolvimento dos princípios jurídicos e da forma como foram adquirindo sua normatividade, no que é necessário um exame do desenolvimento dos documentos constitucionais desde o surgimento do Estado Moderno. De igual modo, requer-se uma delimitação precisa dos conceitos de Administreação Pública e Regime Jurídico Administrativo, permitindo assim definir com exatidão o campo de incidência dos referidos princípios. Ainda, mister se faz analisar o conteúo de cada um dos cinco princípios elencados no caput do referido dispositivo constitucional, de modo a permitir visualizar a forma como são aplicáveis às situações concretas. Neste sentido, proceder-se-á, por fim, a uma análise de alguns instrumentais que auxiliem nesta aplicação que é proposta, no que examina brevemente as noções de filtragem constitucional,preeminência normativa da constituição e o método concretista, de Hesse

Vibrational spectroscopic investigations of lead borate and lead aluminoborate glasses

Lead borate (PB) and lead aluminoborate (PBA) glasses in the Systems xPbO · ( 1 0 0 - x)Β₂O₃ (0 ≤ x ≤ 75 mol%) and xPbO · (95 - x)Β₂O₃, 5AI₂O₃ (0 ≤ x ≤ 80 mol%), respectively, have been prepared and investigated by Raman and infrared reflectance spectroscopy to obtain quahtative and quantitative information on the structure of glasses. Using the Martin-Brenig model, structural correlation lengths were determinated from boson peak positions of temperature-reduced Raman spectra and transversal sound velocities. Kramers-Kronig analysis was used to transform the measured infrared reflectance spectra into complex dielectric funcdons. The imaginary part of the complex dielectric funcdon contains the absorption properties of t he material. Α band separadon Computer programme has been used to get more detailed information from the spectra. Far infrared and low-frequency Raman spectra contain information about vibrations of the PbO component within the network

Improved Durability of Wood Treated with Nano Metal Fluorides against Brown-Rot and White-Rot Fungi

Low-water soluble metal fluorides such as magnesium fluoride (MgF2) and calcium fluoride (CaF2) were evaluated for decay protection of wood. Initially, the biocidal efficacy of nano metal fluorides (NMFs) against wood destroying fungi was assessed with an in-vitro agar test. The results from the test showed that agar medium containing MgF2 and CaF2 was more efficient in preventing fungal decay than stand-alone MgF2 or CaF2. These metal fluorides, in their nanoscopic form synthesized using fluorolytic sol-gel synthesis, were introduced into the sapwood of Scots pine and beech wood and then subjected to accelerated ageing by leaching (EN 84). MAS 19F NMR and X-ray micro CT images showed that metal fluorides were present in treated wood, unleached and leached. Decay resistance of Scots pine and beech wood treated with NMFs was tested against wood destroying fungi Rhodonia placenta and Trametes versicolor in accordance with EN 113. Results revealed that mass losses were reduced to below 3% in wood treated with the combination of MgF2 and CaF2. It is concluded that NMFs provide full protection to wood even after it has been leached and can be used as wood preservatives in outdoor environments.Peer Reviewe

Highly Sensitive Hydrogen Gas Sensors Based on Gold Nanoparticle Decorated Zinc Oxide Nanosheets

Highly sensitive gold nanoparticle decorated zinc oxide nanosheet gas sensors have been fabricated using simple and rapid chemical methods capable of producing a normalised current gain of 2.54 (at 10V) in dry air containing 2.5ppm of hydrogen gas at 200C and a current gain of 382.53 under 125ppm. Compared to undecorated sheet based sensors where a response of 1.24 was observed under 125ppm at 200C a massive relative increase in signal is observed. The zinc oxide nanosheets are produced via a previously reported simple microwave assisted hydrothermal growth method and gold nanoparticles with mean diameter of 5nm synthesized via a simple sodium borohydride reduction of hydrogen tetrachloroaurate in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) followed by drop casting onto a pre-patterned aluminium oxide substrate