2,294 research outputs found
Cultural variation of views on effective Crew Resource Management skills
While it is generally agreed in the aviation community, that effective crew resource management (CRM)
skills are an indispensable condition for a safe and efficient flight operation, there seems to be a wider range
of views on what behaviors constitute effective crew performance. Within a European project an evaluation
tool for CRM skills called NOTECHS was developed with four categories: Co-operation, Leadership and
Managerial Skills, Situation Awareness and Decision Making. In a study to examine its suitability as a
standard for CRM skills in different European regions the cultural robustness of the method was tested. 105
instructor pilots from 15 different airlines representing 12 European countries participated. The participants
evaluated crew behaviors in eight video scenarios with the NOTECHS method. According to variance
analytical results, regional differences in Europe seem to affect the ratings of CRM-skills only to a small
degree. Cultural differences are confounded with other background variables, such as English language
proficiency, work experience, instructor experience and attitudes. These background variables seem to have
stronger effects on views of effective CRM behaviors than culture per se. Results of the analyses are discussed
with respect to cultural robustness of the NOTECHS method
Generalized Fourier Integral Operators on spaces of Colombeau type
Generalized Fourier integral operators (FIOs) acting on Colombeau algebras
are defined. This is based on a theory of generalized oscillatory integrals
(OIs) whose phase functions as well as amplitudes may be generalized functions
of Colombeau type. The mapping properties of these FIOs are studied as the
composition with a generalized pseudodifferential operator. Finally, the
microlocal Colombeau regularity for OIs and the influence of the FIO action on
generalized wave front sets are investigated. This theory of generalized FIOs
is motivated by the need of a general framework for partial differential
operators with non-smooth coefficients and distributional data
Classes of generalized functions with finite type regularities
We introduce and analyze spaces and algebras of generalized functions which correspond to Hölder, Zygmund, and Sobolev spaces of functions. The main scope of the paper is the characterization of the regularity of distributions that are embedded into the corresponding space or algebra of generalized functions with finite type regularities
Topological properties of regular generalized function algebras
We investigate density of various subalgebras of regular generalized
functions in the special Colombeau algebra of generalized functions.Comment: 6 page
Prospective job analysis for the next pilot generation
To accomodate the expected growth of air traffic over the next two decades new operational concepts
are currently under development, which will affect to some extent the job tasks and responsibilities of
pilots and air traffic controllers. How will the operators perform in their potential new roles? Can we
presume that they will easily be reâtrainable? Or will the job profile change to such an extent that it has
to be considered already during the selection of the most suitable candidates? Especially for abâinitio
pilot and controller candidates selection decisions imply predictions of human performance for a longterm
future. Therefore, a prospective analysis of job requirements is necessary to make sure that the
selection battery is aligned with future roles and tasks. DLR has developed a simulation platform called
AviaSim, which allows for lowâfidelity humanâinâtheâloop simulations of potential future job tasks for
pilots and controllers. Future scenarios are based on reviews of NextGen and SESAR concept papers and
as well on âfuture workshopsâ with present job holders. In AviaSim we can examine the behavior of air
traffic controllers working together in one scenario with up to eight pilots and additional experimental
traffic. With eyeâgaze measurement, questionnaires and cognitive task interviews performance was
analyzed in one enâroute and an arrival scenario. According to preliminarily findings future operators will
need a higher degree of competence for operational monitoring, distributed teamwork, and timeâbased
operations. The simulation platform and the experimental setups are discussed in the paper
Implicit Solvation Methods for Catalysis at Electrified Interfaces
Implicit solvation is an effective, highly coarse-grained approach in atomic-scale simulations to account for a surrounding liquid electrolyte on the level of a continuous polarizable medium. Originating in molecular chemistry with finite solutes, implicit solvation techniques are now increasingly used in the context of first-principles modeling of electrochemistry and electrocatalysis at extended (often metallic) electrodes. The prevalent ansatz to model the latter electrodes and the reactive surface chemistry at them through slabs in periodic boundary condition supercells brings its specific challenges. Foremost this concerns the difficulty of describing the entire double layer forming at the electrified solidâliquid interface (SLI) within supercell sizes tractable by commonly employed density functional theory (DFT). We review liquid solvation methodology from this specific application angle, highlighting in particular its use in the widespread ab initio thermodynamics approach to surface catalysis. Notably, implicit solvation can be employed to mimic a polarization of the electrodeâs electronic density under the applied potential and the concomitant capacitive charging of the entire double layer beyond the limitations of the employed DFT supercell. Most critical for continuing advances of this effective methodology for the SLI context is the lack of pertinent (experimental or high-level theoretical) reference data needed for parametrization
MICADO: The Multi-Adaptive Optics Camera for Deep Observations
The Multi-adaptive optics Imaging CamerA for Deep Observations (MICADO) will
image a field of view of nearly 1 arcminute at the diffraction limit of the
Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), making use of the adaptive optics correction
provided by single-conjugate adaptive optics (SCAO) and multi-conjugate
adaptive optics (MCAO). Its simple and robust design will yield an
unprecedented combination of sensitivity and resolution across the field. This
article outlines the characteristics of the observing modes offered and
illustrates each of them with an astrophysical application. Potential users can
explore their own ideas using the data simulator ScopeSim.Comment: Published in the ESO Messenger, issue 18
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Measurement of double-differential cross sections for top quark pair production in pp collisions at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text] and impact on parton distribution functions.
Normalized double-differential cross sections for top quark pair ([Formula: see text]) production are measured in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8[Formula: see text] with the CMS experiment at the LHC. The analyzed data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7[Formula: see text]. The measurement is performed in the dilepton [Formula: see text] final state. The [Formula: see text] cross section is determined as a function of various pairs of observables characterizing the kinematics of the top quark and [Formula: see text] system. The data are compared to calculations using perturbative quantum chromodynamics at next-to-leading and approximate next-to-next-to-leading orders. They are also compared to predictions of Monte Carlo event generators that complement fixed-order computations with parton showers, hadronization, and multiple-parton interactions. Overall agreement is observed with the predictions, which is improved when the latest global sets of proton parton distribution functions are used. The inclusion of the measured [Formula: see text] cross sections in a fit of parametrized parton distribution functions is shown to have significant impact on the gluon distribution
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