Экспериментальное исследование процесса теплообмена в пористых насыщенных жидкостью веществах.

Цель работы – экспериментальное исследование распределения температуры в пористом, насыщенном жидкостью, веществе при различных условиях теплообмена на внешних границах. В процессе эксперимента были исследованы распределения температуры в пористом, насыщенном жидкостью, веществе при различных условиях теплообмена на внешних границах. Получены зависимости времени кристаллизации жидкости и распределений значений температур в различных сечениях объема пористого материала от времени его охлаждения В результате были экспериментально получены значения температур в объеме, насыщенного жидкостью, пористого материала при различных условиях заморозки.The work purpose is a pilot study of distribution of temperature in porous, saturated with liquid, substance under various conditions of heat exchange on external borders. In the course of experiment distributions of temperature in porous, saturated with liquid, substance were investigated under various conditions of heat exchange on external borders. Dependences of time of crystallization of liquid and distributions of values of temperatures in various sections of volume of porous material are received from time of his cooling. Have been as a result experimentally received the value of temperatures in volume saturated with liquid, porous material under various conditions of freezing

Мотивация и стимулирование персонала ООО "Аркада" г. Томск

В данной ВКР рассматриваются системы мотивации и стимулирования персонала на примере ООО "Аркада". Структура данной работы выглядит следующим образом. Первый раздел отражает теоретические основы и особенности систем мотивации и стимулирования персонала, различия между ними. Во втором разделе рассматриваются особенности формирования эффективной системы мотивации и стимулирования на предприятиях общественного питания. В третьем разделе рассмотрены методы мотивации и стимулирования сотрудников в ООО "Аркада", отражены результаты исследований на уровень их эффективности. В четвертом разделе предложены методы для совершенствования существующей системы мотивации на предприятии.The thesis deals with the motivation and incentive systems for personnel made by the enterprise on the example of the public corporation "Arkada". The structure of this paper is as follows. The first section reflects the theoretical foundations and features of the systems of motivation and stimulation of personnel, the differences between them. In the second section, the features of the formation of an effective system of motivation and incentives in public catering establishments are considered. In the third section, the methods of motivating and stimulating employees in public corporation "Arkada" are considered, the results of studies are reflected on the level of their effectiveness. The fourth section proposes methods for improving the existing system of motivation in the enterprise

Автоматизированная система подготовки многокомпонентной газопарокапельной смеси для технологических нужд

В рамках ВКР разрабатывается комплект проектной и рабочей документации, а также программные алгоритмы и мнемосхемы для АСУ подготовки многокомпонентной газопарокапельной смеси для технологических нужд. Результаты экспериментальных исследований используются для эффективного смешения дымовых газов, паров и капель воды.Within the framework of the WRC, a set of design and working documentation, as well as software algorithms and mnemonic circuits for automated control systems for the preparation of a multi-component gas-vapor-drop mixture for technological needs is being developed. The results of experimental studies are used for effective mixing of flue gases, vapors and water droplets

Snake‐Inspired, Nano‐Stepped Surface with Tunable Frictional Anisotropy Made from a Shape‐Memory Polymer for Unidirectional Transport of Microparticles

The ventral scales of many snake species are decorated with oriented micro‐fibril structures featuring nano‐steps to achieve anisotropic friction for efficient locomotion. Here, a nano‐stepped surface with tunable frictional anisotropy inspired by this natural structure is presented. It is fabricated by replicating the micro‐fibril structure of the ventral scales of the Chinese cobra (Naja atra) into a thermo‐responsive shape‐memory polymer via hot embossing. The resulting smart surface transfers from a flat topography to a predefined structure of nano‐steps upon heating. During this recovery process, the nano‐steps grow out of the surfaces resulting in a surface with frictional anisotropy, which is characterized in situ by an atomic force microscopy. The desired frictional anisotropy can be customized by stopping the heating process before full recovery. The nano‐stepped surface is employed for the unidirectional transport of microscale particles through small random vibrations. Due to the frictional anisotropy, the microspheres drift unidirectionally (down the nano‐steps). Finally, dry self‐cleaning is demonstrated by the transportation of a pile of microparticles

Diagnostik und Therapie von Lebermetastasen bei kolorektalem Primärtumor

Contrast-enhanced multislice computer tomography (MSCT) has established itself as the standard tomographic imaging method both for diagnosis and for treatment monitoring of hepatic lesions. To clarify local conditions before partial liver resection, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance tomography (DWI-MRT) can also provide important additional information. In order to meet the criteria for a R0 resection, a margin of 0.5 mm seems to be sufficient. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy aiming to reduce tumour size can be given in parallel with portal artery embolisation without adversely affecting perioperative morbidity and mortality. As far as the management of primary resectable liver metastases is concerned, there is an urgent need for more studies. Despite the relatively limited evidence, adjuvant chemotherapy is currently more widely favoured in Germany than perioperative chemotherapy. There is also considerable need for studies concerning preoperative therapy in patients with liver metastases that are not (yet) resectable. In KRAS wild-type tumours, high response rates (in terms of a reduction in the size of metastases) are achieved with a cetuximab/chemotherapy combination. Bevacizumab/chemotherapy combinations lead to high rates of pathohistological complete and partial remissions. What the best parameter for judging the success of preoperative therapy is remains unknown, and so comparison studies using survival as a `hard' endpoint must be carried out

Transcranial Ultrasound from Diagnosis to Early Stroke Treatment - Part 2: Prehospital Neurosonography in Patients with Acute Stroke - The Regensburg Stroke Mobile Project

Background and Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy and time frames for neurological and transcranial color-coded sonography (TCCS) assessments in a prehospital ‘911’ emergency stroke situation by using portable duplex ultrasound devices to visualize the bilateral middle cerebral arteries (MCAs). Methods: This study was conducted between May 2010 and January 2011. Patients who had sustained strokes in the city of Regensburg and the surrounding area in Bavaria, Germany, were enrolled in the study. After a ‘911 stroke code’ call had been dispatched, stroke neurologists with expertise in ultrasonography rendezvoused with the paramedic team at the site of the emergency. After a brief neurological assessment had been completed, the patients underwent TCCS with optional administration of an ultrasound contrast agent in cases of insufficient temporal bone windows or if the agent had acute therapeutic relevance. The ultrasound studies were performed at the site of the emergency or in the ambulance during patient transport to the admitting hospital. Relevant timelines, such as the time from the stroke alarm to patient arrival at the hospital and the duration of the TCCS, were documented, and positive and negative predictive values for the diagnosis of major MCA occlusion were assessed. Results: A total of 113 patients were enrolled in the study. MCA occlusion was diagnosed in 10 patients. In 9 of these 10 patients, MCA occlusion could be visualized using contrast-enhanced or non-contrast-enhanced TCCS during patient transport and was later confirmed using computed tomography or magnetic resonance angiography. One MCA occlusion was missed by TCCS and 1 atypical hemorrhage was misdiagnosed. Overall, the sensitivity of a ‘field diagnosis’ of MCA occlusion was 90% [95% confidence interval (CI) 55.5–99.75%] and the specificity was 98% (95% CI 92.89–99.97%). The positive predictive value was 90% (95% CI 55.5–99.75%) and the negative predictive value was 98% (95% CI 92.89–99.97%). The mean time (standard deviation) from ambulance dispatch to arrival at the patient was 12.3 min (7.09); the mean time for the TCCS examination was 5.6 min (2.2); and the overall mean transport time to the hospital was 53 min (18). Conclusion: Prehospital diagnosis of MCA occlusion in stroke patients is feasible using portable duplex ultrasonography with or without administration of a microbubble contrast agent. Prehospital neurological as well as transcranial vascular assessments during patient transport can be performed by a trained neurologist with high sensitivity and specificity, perhaps opening an additional therapeutic window for sonothrombolysis or neuroprotective strategies

Prehospital stroke diagnostics based on neurological examination and transcranial ultrasound

Background Transcranial color-coded sonography (TCCS) has proved to be a fast and reliable tool for the detection of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusions in a hospital setting. In this feasibility study on prehospital sonography, our aim was to investigate the accuracy of TCCS for neurovascular emergency diagnostics when performed in a prehospital setting using mobile ultrasound equipment as part of a neurological examination. Methods Following a '911 stroke code' call, stroke neurologists experienced in TCCS rendezvoused with the paramedic team. In patients with suspected stroke, TCCS examination including ultrasound contrast agents was performed. Results were compared with neurovascular imaging (CTA, MRA) and the final discharge diagnosis from standard patient-centered stroke care. Results We enrolled '232 stroke code' patients with follow-up data available in 102 patients with complete TCCS examination. A diagnosis of ischemic stroke was made in 73 cases; 29 patients were identified as 'stroke mimics'. MCA occlusion was diagnosed in ten patients, while internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion/high-grade stenosis leading to reversal of anterior cerebral artery flow was diagnosed in four patients. The initial working diagnosis 'any stroke' showed a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 48%. 'Major MCA or ICA stroke' diagnosed by mobile ultrasound showed an overall sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 98%. Conclusions The study demonstrates the feasibility and high diagnostic accuracy of emergency transcranial ultrasound assessment combined with neurological examinations for major ischemic stroke. Future combination with telemedical support, point-of-care analysis of blood serum markers, and probability algorithms of prehospital stroke diagnosis including ultrasound may help to speed up stroke treatment

Place cells on a maze encode routes rather than destinations

Hippocampal place cells fire at different rates when a rodent runs through a given location on its way to different destinations. However, it is unclear whether such firing represents the animal's intended destination or the execution of a specific trajectory. To distinguish between these possibilities, Lister Hooded rats (n=8) were trained to navigate from a start box to three goal locations via four partially overlapping routes. Two of these led to the same goal location. Of the cells that fired on these two routes, 95.8% showed route-dependent firing (firing on only one route), whereas only two cells (4.2%) showed goal-dependent firing (firing similarly on both routes). In addition, route-dependent place cells over-represented the less discriminable routes, and place cells in general over-represented the start location. These results indicate that place cell firing on overlapping routes reflects the animal's route, not its goals, and that this firing may aid spatial discrimination