Facteurs de risque cardiovasculaires chez les patients vivant avec le VIH, état des lieux et perspectives de prise en charge en médecine générale

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are nowadays the fourth cause of death among people living with HIV. Despite recent guidelines, the follow up by general practioners seems not satisfying.Methods: it was a prospective, multicenter and quantitative study, based on the evaluation of cardiovascular risk and follow up of patients coming to a specialist’s consultation, and their acceptability to a follow up by a GP. We asked also 50 general practioners about their cardiovascular follow up with PVVIH, and about their difficulties or expected improvement.Results: our study showed that people living with HIV have an increased cardiovascular risk. They are not enough treated or followed, and seem to agree to a follow up by their general practitioner. The general practitioners need to be more involved by the specialists, and ask for more formation.Conclusion: The new antiretroviral treatments, tools for their medical interactions, and the recent guidelines are a part of perspectives for taking care of cardiovascular risk with people living with HIV. Better communication between specialist and GP, could also improve this follow up, and our patients seem to approve this evolution.Les facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire sont aujourd’hui la quatrième cause de décès chez les patients vivant avec le VIH. La prise en charge dans ce domaine n’est pas encore optimisée en médecine de ville, malgré de récentes recommandations.Objectif : Évaluer les facteurs de risque cardio vasculaire et leur suivi en ville chez les patients vivant avec le VIH, ainsi que les freins et améliorations de prise en charge souhaitées du côté des patients et des médecins généralistes.Matériel et Méthodes : Étude prospective, multicentrique, quantitative réalisée à partir de questionnaires destinés aux patients de files actives hospitalières, ainsi que des questionnaires envoyés aux médecins généralistes de Seine Saint Denis.Résultats : les PVVIH ont des facteurs de risque cardiovasculaires plus importants que dans la population générale, et sont moins bien pris en charge. Les médecins généralistes se sentent peu impliqués par les spécialistes dans ce suivi et sont demandeurs de meilleure formation. Les patients interrogés semblent ouverts à une surveillance par leur médecin généraliste.Conclusion : Les PVVIH présentent un risque cardiovasculaire qui peut être anticipé grâce à un suivi régulier par le médecin généraliste. Des perspectives existent, concernant les traitements, les outils pour les manier, ainsi que de récentes recommandations à ce sujet. Des échanges, ainsi que des formations spécifiques sont à favoriser avec les spécialistes afin d’optimiser l’éducation thérapeutique du patient, ainsi que ses traitements

RNA Locally Optimal Secondary Structures

International audienceRNA locally optimal secondary structures provide a concise and exhaustive description of all possible secondary structures of a given RNA sequence, and hence a very good representation of the RNA folding space. In this paper, we present an efficient algorithm which computes all locally optimal secondary structures for any folding model that takes into account the stability of helical regions. This algorithm is implemented in a software called regliss that runs on a publicly accessible web server

Searching for alternate RNA structures in genomic sequences

International audienceWe introduce the concept of RNA multi-structures, that is a formal grammar based framework specifically designed to model a set of alternate RNA secondary structures. Such alternate structures can either be a set of suboptimal foldings, or distinct stable folding states, or variants within an RNA family. We provide several such examples and propose an efficient algorithm to search for RNA multi-structures within a genomic sequence

La réhabilitation d'un grand ensemble de Vaulx-en-Velin vue par ses habitants

Les opérations de réhabilitation constituent un moment important dans la vie d'un ensemble immobilier car leurs effets ne se limitent pas au bâti et concernent l'ensemble de la vie quotidienne des habitants, de leur usage des lieux et de leurs relations sociales dans le quartier. Suite à la réhabilitation de l'ensemble qu'il gère à Vaulx-en-Velin, l'OPAC a confié au laboratoire junior Focales de l'ENS de Lyon la mission d'évaluer la perception qu'ont les locataires des travaux réalisés. Focales est composé de jeunes chercheurs en sociologie urbaine qui se sont chargés de mener auprès d'un échantillon représentatif des locataires du site une enquête par questionnaires portant sur leur appréciation de la réhabilitation, et abordant également, à travers ce prisme, leur rapport à l'habitat et à la gestion de la relation de proximité par le bailleur

Film formation analysis by diffusive wave spectroscopy

The thin layer analysis is very important for several sectors of industry. Indeed, environmental laws and improvement of performances lead the manufacturers to innovate in the field of coatings and paints. Several classical techniques of characterization (TGA, DMA, etc.) used with this intention do not allow to perform the analysis in situ and are often long and tedious to set up. We propose to solve this problem with a newoptical process. Its technology based on multi-speckle diffusivewave spectroscopy (MS-DWS) allows making real-time analysis in a non-destructive way thanks to an optical measurement. The aim of this work is to highlight correlations between this new technology and the classical methods of analysis. Two film forming polymeric materials were studied, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and a commercial paint based on an aqueous dispersion of acrylic copolymers. The PDMSwas chosen for the simplicity of its film forming process and is used as model. The paint having a more complex drying mechanism enables to complete this study

From Urban Morphological Zones (UMZ) to harmonised «urban objects » in Europe

International audienceUntil now, the building of comparable databases for European cities has been made through two different approaches: - a bottom up process, from national to European level, relying on the collect of national delineations by European institutions (NUREC 1994, ESPON 1.4.3. 2007, Urban Audit 2009) - a top down process, which consists in applying the same criteria to the whole European space (e.g. Urban Morphological Zones, produced by the European Agency of Environment, 2000). In the latter case it is essential to submit the resulting objects to a validation process worked out by national experts or based on national databases. Our paper is a contribution to the validation of UMZ database, in order to make these morphological zones more operational for urban studies. We develop here a first expertise by comparing UMZ to French and Danish morphological agglomerations. We first introduce the methodological frame of this comparison, which has been thought to be transposed to other countries. This protocol has to consider semantic and geometric differences between databases. It leads to a few fittings in order to enable the integration of both UMZ and national urban databases. Then we develop the main results of the comparison made in France and Denmark, from both quantitative and qualitative points of view. The measure of key indicators underlines the convergence of UMZ and national databases (an average difference of +/- 5% for urban populations). However, in France some large cities are sometimes much more spread out in national databases than they are from UMZ source. These main types of differences in France can be due to specific types of settlement patterns (coastal or industrial conurbations, large city margins). It raises the issue of applying similar criteria in different territorial contexts.By improving our knowledge about UMZ and their use for urban studies, this expertise aims at constructing comparable databases and it follows practical goals. But it also tends to enlighten the specificities of some settlement patterns throughout Europe, in a more exploratory way

Faire face à la salinisation et à la contamination des aquifères côtiers dans le contexte des changements environnementaux planétaires et sociétaux : Approches géochimique et isotopique appliquées aux ressources en eau de Recife (Brésil)

National audienceEn raison d'une pression démographique croissante, la région métropolitaine de Recife a subi d'importants changements d'utilisation des terres et de l'eau au cours des dernières décennies. Ces évolutions ont notamment généré une baisse spectaculaire des niveaux piézométriques, la salinisation et la contamination des eaux souterraines. Cette dégradation des ressources naturelles est liée à l'augmentation de la demande en eau, ponctuellement amplifiée par des périodes de sécheresse qui ont conduit à la construction de milliers de puits privés. La région de Recife apparaît ainsi comme un "point chaud" typique illustrant les problèmes des pays émergents tels que l'urbanisation, la répartition inégale de la richesse, la faiblesse des structures décisionnelles, les rapides développements industriel et touristique, induisant des pressions fortes sur les ressources en eau (quantité et qualité) dans le contexte des changements globaux sociétaux et environnementaux. Le projet COQUEIRAL a pour objectif d'étudier l'impact des activités humaines sur les aquifères côtiers surexploités en (1) analysant les pressions sur les ressources en eau souterraine et leurs raisons sociales et structurelles,(2) identifiant les sources et les mécanismes de la dégradation des ressources en eau souterraine en termes de qualité et de quantité, en se concentrant sur les processus physiques et chimiques en tant que vecteurs de la réaction du système aux pressions extérieures et (3) évaluant les impacts des changements globaux sur les ressources en eau à l'échelle régionale

The effects of artificial intelligence on human resource activities and the roles of the human resource triad: opportunities and challenges

IntroductionThis study analyzes the existing academic literature to identify the effects of artificial intelligence (AI) on human resource (HR) activities, highlighting both opportunities and associated challenges, and on the roles of employees, line managers, and HR professionals, collectively referred to as the HR triad.MethodsWe employed the scoping review method to capture and synthesize relevant academic literature in the AI–human resource management (HRM) field, examining 27 years of research (43 peer-reviewed articles are included).ResultsBased on the results, we propose an integrative framework that outlines the five primary effects of AI on HR activities: task automation, optimized HR data use, augmentation of human capabilities, work context redesign, and transformation of the social and relational aspects of work. We also detail the opportunities and challenges associated with each of these effects and the changes in the roles of the HR triad.DiscussionThis research contributes to the ongoing debate on AI-augmented HRM by discussing the theoretical contributions and managerial implications of our findings, along with avenues for future research. By considering the most recent studies on the topic, this scoping review sheds light on the effects of AI on the roles of the HR triad, enabling these key stakeholders to better prepare for this technological change. The findings can inform future academic research, organizations using or considering the application of AI in HRM, and policymakers. This is particularly timely, given the growing adoption of AI in HRM activities

Expressed sequences tags of the anther smut fungus, Microbotryum violaceum, identify mating and pathogenicity genes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The basidiomycete fungus <it>Microbotryum violaceum </it>is responsible for the anther-smut disease in many plants of the Caryophyllaceae family and is a model in genetics and evolutionary biology. Infection is initiated by dikaryotic hyphae produced after the conjugation of two haploid sporidia of opposite mating type. This study describes <it>M. violaceum </it>ESTs corresponding to nuclear genes expressed during conjugation and early hyphal production.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A normalized cDNA library generated 24,128 sequences, which were assembled into 7,765 unique genes; 25.2% of them displayed significant similarity to annotated proteins from other organisms, 74.3% a weak similarity to the same set of known proteins, and 0.5% were orphans. We identified putative pheromone receptors and genes that in other fungi are involved in the mating process. We also identified many sequences similar to genes known to be involved in pathogenicity in other fungi. The <it>M. violaceum </it>EST database, MICROBASE, is available on the Web and provides access to the sequences, assembled contigs, annotations and programs to compare similarities against MICROBASE.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study provides a basis for cloning the mating type locus, for further investigation of pathogenicity genes in the anther smut fungi, and for comparative genomics.</p