Line x tester analysis to estimate combining ability in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)

Sorghum in Mexico ranks third in grain production. This study aimed to estimate general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for commercial and experimental sorghum grain parents and hybrids. The combining ability was estimated using the line x tester method described by Kempthorne. The experiment was established during the spring-summer 2018 cycle at INIFAP, Las Huastecas, México. It consisted of five lines, eight testers and 40 hybrids; in a randomized block design with three replications. The ANOVA showed highly significant differences for lines, testers, and line x testers, suggesting the existence of a broad base of genetic variability. GCA and SCA differences were statistically significant for grain yield, specific grain weight and plant height, indicating additive gene relevance, dominance and epistasis. For grain yield, the experimental lines: RB214A, RB225A and RB248A, and the testers RB133 and RB221, resulted significantly higher in GCA and superior to commercial RB225A line and RTx430 and RTx437 testers. Seventeen experimental hybrids were found to have significantly higher in SCA and were superior to INIFAP commercial hybrids. Highlights The combining ability was estimated using the line x tester method in grain sorghum; General Combining Ability (GCA) and Specific Combining Ability (SCA) were important for grain yield, grain specific weight and plant height. GCA and SCA differences were statistically significant for grain yield, specific grain weight and plant height, in grain sorghum, indicating additive gene relevance, dominance and epistasis.Sorghum in Mexico ranks third in grain production. This study aimed to estimate general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for commercial and experimental sorghum grain parents and hybrids. The combining ability was estimated using the line x tester method described by Kempthorne. The experiment was established during the spring-summer 2018 cycle at INIFAP, Las Huastecas, México. It consisted of five lines, eight testers and 40 hybrids; in a randomized block design with three replications. The ANOVA showed highly significant differences for lines, testers, and line x testers, suggesting the existence of a broad base of genetic variability. GCA and SCA differences were statistically significant for grain yield, specific grain weight and plant height, indicating additive gene relevance, dominance and epistasis. For grain yield, the experimental lines: RB214A, RB225A and RB248A, and the testers RB133 and RB221, resulted significantly higher in GCA and superior to commercial RB225A line and RTx430 and RTx437 testers. Seventeen experimental hybrids were found to have significantly higher in SCA and were superior to INIFAP commercial hybrids. Highlights The combining ability was estimated using the line x tester method in grain sorghum; General Combining Ability (GCA) and Specific Combining Ability (SCA) were important for grain yield, grain specific weight and plant height. GCA and SCA differences were statistically significant for grain yield, specific grain weight and plant height, in grain sorghum, indicating additive gene relevance, dominance and epistasis

Agronomic performance of hybrids and parents of grain sorghum in Huastecas.

El objetivo de este estudio fue medir la productividad de un grupo de híbridos experimentales de sorgo para grano en la región de las Huastecas, contrastándolos con los testigos comerciales y progenitores. Durante los ciclos primavera verano 2005, 2006 y 2007 en temporal, se establecieron en Estación Cuauhtémoc, Tamaulipas, México, tres ensayos con 49 híbridos experimentales y comerciales. En el 2008 durante el mismo ciclo en temporal, se estableció un ensayo con 28 híbridos y progenitores. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Se identificaron híbridos experimentales agronómicamente similares a los comerciales. Uno de los mejores fue RB-104xRTx437, el cual produjo 6403 kg/ha de grano. Fue igual (p≤0,05) a: RB-Patrón (6288 kg/ha), A. Ámbar (6028 kg/ha), DK-65 (5763 kg/ha) y RB-4000 (5700 kg/ha), y superior a Pioneer 82G63 (4796 kg/ha), Pioneer 84G62 (4256 kg/ha) y Z-400 (4218 kg/ha). Este híbrido fue (p≤0,05) más precoz a la floración (62) que A. Ámbar (65) y DK-65 (66). Los híbridos experimentales fueron más rendidores (2924 kg/ha), más altos (17 cm), más precoces (-4,5 DF), de mayor longitud de la espiga (0,9 cm) y exserción (3,5 cm), y menor incidencia de enfermedades foliares (-0,24) que sus padres. RTx437, fue el mejor progenitor con un rendimiento de grano (3598 kg/ha) igual (p≤0,05) a los híbridos.The objective of the study was to determine the productivity of experimental hybrids of grain sorghum group in the Huastecas region, contrasting with commercial checks and parents. At Estación Cuauhtémoc, Tamaulipas, Mexico, three trials with 49 experimental and commercial hybrids were established during the spring-summer cycles 2005, 2006 y 2007 in dry land conditions. In 2008 in dry land, a trail was established with 28 hybrids and parents. In all cases we used a randomized block design with four replications. Experimental hybrids were identified as agronomically similar to commercials. One of the best hybrids was RB-104xRTx437, which produced 6403 kg/ha of grain. It was equal (p≤0.05) to: RB-Patron (6288 kg/ha), A. Amber (6028 kg/ha), DK-65 (5763 kg/ha) and RB-4000 (5700 kg/ha) was superior to Pioneer 82G63 (4796 kg/ha), Pioneer 84G62 (4256 kg/ha) and Z-400 (4218 kg/ha). The hybrid was also (p≤0.05) the earliest to flower (62 d) compared to to A. Ambar (65 d) and DK-65 (66 d). The experimental hybrids were higher yielding (2924 kg/ha), taller (17 cm), more precocious (-4.5 DF), had longer panicle length (0.9 cm) and exsercion (3,5 cm), and lower foliar diseases incidence (-0.24) than their parents. RTx437 was the best parent with grain yield (3598 kg/ha) equal (p≤0.05) to the hybrids

Características agronómicas asociadas a la producción de bioetanol en genotipos de sorgo dulce

Energy production from sorghum bioethanol is a way to help decrease climate change and environmental degradation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics associated to bioethanol production in experimental genotypes of sweet sorghum. During 2013 and 2014, seventeen sweet genotypes were evaluated in two locations, this locations are situated in northeastern Mexico, under a complete block randomly design with three replications. The three experiments were executed in Estacion Cuauhtemoc, Tamaulipas, in dryland; and two in Marin, Nuevo León, under irrigation. Experimental hybrid Potranca x Keller (p≤0.05) presented the highest values (kg/ha) in: biomass weight (52 125), stem (39 650), panicle (4550), leaf (7700), juice (14 125), and bioethanol (2157 l/ha); it surpassed to the most productive control (Keller) in: 35,7, 32,5, 63,2, 41,6, 32,5, and 36,8%, respectively. It bloomed 6.8 days earlier than variety control. Experimental variety 17-1-1-1 had a minor foliar incidence of diseases in comparison to Keller. In addition, it presented agronomic characteristics similar to control in: biomass weight (44 375 kg/ha), stem (35 438 kg/ha), panicle (2488 kg/ha), leaf (6400 kg/ha), juice (11 750 kg/ha), plant dry weight (19 113 kg/ha), stem dry weight (14 888 kg/ha), bioethanol production (1929 l/ha), °Brix (15,2), days to flowering (80,8) and plant height (224 cm).La producción de energía a partir de bioetanol de sorgo, es una manera de ayudar a aminorar el cambio climático y el deterioro del ambiente. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar las características agronómicas asociadas a la producción de bioetanol en genotipos experimentales de sorgo dulce. Durante los años 2013 y 2014 se evaluaron diecisiete genotipos dulces en dos localidades del noreste de México, bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones: tres experimentos en la Estación Cuauhtémoc, Tamaulipas, en temporal; y dos en Marín, Nuevo León, en riego. El híbrido experimental Potranca x Keller obtuvo los valores más altos (p≤0,05) (kg/ha) en: peso de biomasa (52 125), de tallo (39 650), de espiga (4550), de hoja (7700), de jugo (14 125) y de bioetanol (2157 l/ha); y superó al testigo más productivo (Keller) en: 35,7, 32,5, 63,2, 41,6, 36,8 y 32,5%, respectivamente. Además, fue 6,8 días más precoz en cuanto a la floración que el testigo. La variedad experimental 17-1-1-1 se identificó con menor incidencia a enfermedades foliares que Keller. Además, presentaron características agronómicas similares al testigo en: peso de biomasa (44 375 kg/ha), de tallo (35 438 kg/ha), de espiga (2488 kg/ha), de hoja (6400 kg/ha), de jugo (11 750 kg/ha), peso seco de planta (19 113 kg/ha), peso seco de tallo (14 888 kg/ha), producción de bioetanol (1929 l/ha), °Brix (15,2), días a floración (80,8) y altura de planta (224 cm)

Características agronómicas asociadas a la producción de bioetanol en genotipos de sorgo dulce

La producción de energía a partir de bioetanol de sorgo, es una manera de ayudar a aminorar el cambio climático y el deterioro del ambiente. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar las características agronómicas asociadas a la producción de bioetanol en genotipos experimentales de sorgo dulce. Durante los años 2013 y 2014 se evaluaron diecisiete genotipos dulces en dos localidades del noreste de México, bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones: tres experimentos en la Estación Cuauhtémoc, Tamaulipas, en temporal; y dos en Marín, Nuevo León, en riego. El híbrido experimental Potranca x Keller obtuvo los valores más altos (p≤0,05) (kg/ha) en: peso de biomasa (52 125), de tallo (39 650), de espiga (4550), de hoja (7700), de jugo (14 125) y de bioetanol (2157 l/ha); y superó al testigo más productivo (Keller) en: 35,7, 32,5, 63,2, 41,6, 36,8 y 32,5%, respectivamente. Además, fue 6,8 días más precoz en cuanto a la floración que el testigo. La variedad experimental 17-1-1-1 se identificó con menor incidencia a enfermedades foliares que Keller. Además, presentaron características agronómicas similares al testigo en: peso de biomasa (44 375 kg/ha), de tallo (35 438 kg/ha), de espiga (2488 kg/ha), de hoja (6400 kg/ha), de jugo (11 750 kg/ha), peso seco de planta (19 113 kg/ha), peso seco de tallo (14 888 kg/ha), producción de bioetanol (1929 l/ha), °Brix (15,2), días a floración (80,8) y altura de planta (224 cm)

Identification of Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L.) Moench) Genotypes with Potential for Hydric and Heat Stress Tolerance in Northeastern Mexico

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is cultivated in regions with frequent drought periods and high temperatures, conditions that have intensified in the last decades. One of the most important photosynthetic components, sensible to hydric stress, is maximum quantum yield for photosystem II (PSII, or Fv/Fm). The objective of the present study was to identify sorghum genotypes with tolerance to hydric and heat stress. The treatments were hydric status (hydric stress or non-hydric stress (irrigation)), the plant’s developmental stages (pre or post-anthesis), and six genotypes. The response variables were Fv/Fm; photosynthetic rate (PN); stomatal conductance (gs); transpiration rate (E); relative water content (RWC); damage to cell membrane (DCM) at temperatures of 40 and 45 °C; and agronomic variables. The experiment was conducted in pots in open sky in Marín, N.L., in the dry and hot northeast Mexico. The treatment design was a split–split plot design, with three factors. Hydric stress diminished the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus by 63%, due to damage caused to PSII. Pre-anthesis was the most vulnerable stage to hydric stress as it decreased the weight of grains per panicle (85%), number of grains per panicle (69%), and weight of 100 grains (46%). Genotypes LER 1 and LER 2 were identified as tolerant to hydric stress, as they had lower damage to PSII; LER 1 and LEB 2 for their superior RWC; and LER 1 as a thermo tolerant genotype, due to its lower DCM at 45 °C. It was concluded that LER 1 could have the potential for both hydric and heat stress tolerance in the arid northeast Mexico