Efecto del anabólico acetato de trembolona sobre el crecimiento de Carassius auratus (Pisces: Cyprinidae)

The anabolic efficiency of steroid trenbolone acetate was evaluated in 60 days old juveniles of Carassius auratus. Fish were exposed during 120 days to steroid at a dose of 300 mg/kg food. Total length, standard length, height and weight were registered every two weeks. The benefit of the steroid was characterized with a model that relates the weight as a function of time, coupled to other two models: one where size is related with time and an alometric one which correlates weight with size. The models showed that growth of steroid treated fish was superior to that of untreated (control) fish, differing significantly (p <0.001), while the alometric model for each treatment, indicated a similar growth (p>0.05). Analysis of the variability of the three models demonstrated that the estimates adequately described the growth. This was further confirmed by the determination coefficient (r2 ) that fluctuated between 72.9 and 93.5% and by the distribution analysis of size and weight by means of box plots. It was concluded that application of the steroid trenbolone acetate to Carassius auratus was successful. A survival rate of 100% was registered coupled to an efficient anabolic effect, since a 48.0% gain of biomass and 41.3% increase in size were obtained as compared to the control group.Se evaluó la eficiencia anabólica del esteroide acetato de trembolona en juveniles de Carassius auratus de 60 días de edad, expuestos durante 120 días a dosis de 300 mg/kg de alimento. Cada dos semanas se registraron las siguientes biometrías: longitud total, longitud patrón, altura y peso. El beneficio del esteroide se caracterizó con un modelo que relacionó el peso en función del tiempo, acoplado a otros dos modelos: uno en donde se relaciona la talla con el tiempo y otro alométrico, que relacionó el peso con la talla. Los modelos estimados mostraron que el crecimiento de los peces tratados con el anabólico fue superior al de los peces del testigo y difieren significativamente (p<0.001), mientras que los modelos alométricos para cada tratamiento indicaron un crecimiento similar (p>0.05). El análisis de la variabilidad de los tres modelos demostró que las estimaciones describieron en forma adecuada el crecimiento, así lo confirma el coeficiente de determinación (r2 ) que fluctúa entre el 72.9 y 93.5% y el análisis de la distribución de la talla y el peso con diagramas de caja. Se concluye que la aplicación del acetato de trembolona en Carassius auratus fue exitosa, al registrarse una sobrevivencia del 100% y funcionar como un eficiente agente anabólico, ya que se obtuvo una ganancia de biomasa del 48.0% y de talla del 41.3%, con respecto al testigo

Imidazolines as Non-Classical Bioisosteres of N-Acyl Homoserine Lactones and Quorum Sensing Inhibitors

A series of selected 2-substituted imidazolines were synthesized in moderate to excellent yields by a modification of protocols reported in the literature. They were evaluated as potential non-classical bioisosteres of AHL with the aim of counteracting bacterial pathogenicity. Imidazolines 18a, 18e and 18f at various concentrations reduced the violacein production by Chromobacterium violaceum, suggesting an anti-quorum sensing profile against Gram-negative bacteria. Imidazoline 18b did not affect the production of violacein, but had a bacteriostatic effect at 100 μM and a bactericidal effect at 1 mM. Imidazoline 18a bearing a hexyl phenoxy moiety was the most active compound of the series, rendering a 72% inhibitory effect of quorum sensing at 100 μM. Imidazoline 18f bearing a phenyl nonamide substituent presented an inhibitory effect on quorum sensing at a very low concentration (1 nM), with a reduction percentage of 28%. This compound showed an irregular performance, decreasing inhibition at concentrations higher than 10 μM, until reaching 100 μM, at which concentration it increased the inhibitory effect with a 49% reduction percentage. When evaluated on Serratia marcescens, compound 18f inhibited the production of prodigiosin by 40% at 100 μM

Impact of Geometric Parameters, Charge, and Lipophilicity on Bioactivity of Armed Quinoxaline, Benzothiaole, and Benzothiazine: Pom Analyses of Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity

<div><p></p><p>A series of four different armed heterocyclic candidates; 1-(2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)acetone (<b>2</b>), 1-(3-methyl-4H-1,4-benzothiazin-2-yl)ethanone (<b>3</b>), 2-[(2-aminophenyl)dithio]aniline (<b>4</b>), and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-(3-methyl-2-quinoxalinyl)-2-butanone (<b>5</b>) have been prepared and their microbial activities were evaluated. A correlation of the structure and activities relationships of these compounds with respect to molecular modeling, Lipinski Rule of Five, drug likeness, toxicity profiles, and other physico-chemical properties of drugs are described and verified experimentally.</p></div

Programa Proyecta 10,000 y 100,000 experiencias en el Estado de México.

En este libro se reúnen la experiencias que algunas instituciones del Estado de México han tenido en torno a la internacionalización, y de manera muy específica, a los programas Proyecta 10,000 y 100,000. Éstos, en principio, fueron impulsados por los gobiernos federales de México y los Estados Unidos; más tarde han sido adaptados por algunas entidades, como el Estado de México.El libro Programas Proyecta 10,000 y 100,000. Experiencias en el Estado de México recopila la percepción colectiva de servidores públicos y académicos en torno a la internacionalización en instituciones de educación superior del estado y del país. Los cinco capítulos que integran esta obra, en edición bilingüe: español e inglés, dan cuenta -desde la perspectiva educativa, cultural, administrativa y lingüística- sobre uno de los proyectos de movilidad académica transnacional más ambiciosos y prolíficos en la historia de América del Norte.Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Méxic

Fluorescent property of 3-hydroxymethyl imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and pyrimidines are important organic fluorophores which have been investigated as biomarkers and photochemical sensors. The effect on the luminescent property by substituents in the heterocycle and phenyl rings, have been studied as well. In this investigation, series of 3-hydroxymethyl imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and pyrimidines were synthesized and evaluated in relation to fluorescence emission, based upon the hypothesis that the hydroxymethyl group may act as an enhancer of fluorescence intensity.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Compounds of both series emitted light in organic solvents dilutions as well as in acidic and alkaline media. Quantitative fluorescence spectroscopy determined that both fused heterocycles fluoresced more intensely than the parent unsubstituted imidazo[1,2-a]azine fluorophore. In particular, 3-hydroxymethyl imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines fluoresced more intensely than 3-hydroxymethyl imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines, the latter emitting blue light at longer wavelengths, whereas the former emitted purple light.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>It was concluded that in most cases the hydroxymethyl moiety did act as an enhancer of the fluorescence intensity, however, a comparison made with the fluorescence emitted by 2-aryl imidazo[1,2-a]azines revealed that in some cases the hydroxymethyl substituent decreased the fluorescence intensity.</p