La dialectique paradoxale chez Kierkegaard : étude du paradoxe dans les sphères existentielles

L’œuvre philosophique de Kierkegaard s’apparente à une dialectique du paradoxe. De fait, dans son cheminement existentiel, l’individu parcourt trois sphères d’existence – l’esthétique, l’éthique et le religieux –, chacune d’elle étant une modalité de l’activité humaine qui comporte un paradoxe particulier. Il s’agit d’un itinéraire de l’intériorité qui vise, dans l’existence, le télos qu’est le devenir soi-même. Ainsi l’esthéticien est-il déchiré entre les idées et la réalité dans la réalité immédiate, tandis que l’éthicien, par la médiation du langage, préfère s’affirmer comme individu dans l’immanence concrète, ignorant toutefois qu’il intériorise des règles sociales qui lui sont impersonnelles. Quant au religieux, non seulement découvre-t-il que la vérité vers laquelle il tend ne se trouve pas en son sein, mais il fait face au plus élevé des paradoxes, fondé sur la transcendance – à savoir le paradoxe absolu, où l’éternité se temporalise sous la forme de l’Homme-Dieu. Du reste, le présent mémoire se penche spécifiquement sur le concept du paradoxe, mis de l’avant par Kierkegaard afin de brosser un portrait du devenir individuel de chaque existant.The philosophical work of Kierkegaard deals with a dialectic of the paradox. Actually, in his existential progress, the individual goes through three spheres of existence – the aesthetic, the ethical and the religious –, each of which is a modality of the human activity that contains a particular paradox. His thought follows the progress of interiority, which aims, in existence, at the end of becoming a single individual. In this way, the aesthete is torn between the pure idea and reality, whereas the ethicist, through the mediation of language, prefers to assert himself as an individual within concrete immanence, ignoring however that he interiorizes social rules which are impersonal him. As for the religious believer, not only does he discover that the truth at which he aims is not within himself, but he faces the highest of the paradoxes, based on transcendance – that is the absolute paradox, whereby eternity temporalizes itself in the shape of the Man-God. In general, the present master’s thesis analyzes the concept of the paradox put forward by Kierkegaard to present the progress of every existing being towards becoming a single individual

Supraconductivité dans des isolants de Mott dopés sur le réseau triangulaire anisotrope : un paradigme pour les supraconducteurs organiques

Dans ce mémoire, nous présentons des simulations numériques qui modélisent les supraconducteurs organiques en couches et plus particulièrement, leur diagramme de phases, leur rigidité superfluide et leur conductivité. Nous démontrons que les valeurs obtenues numériquement sont en accord avec l'expérience. Les relations entre la température critique, l'interaction et la rigidité superfluide sont analysées en lien avec les diagrammes de phases théoriques. Le pseudogap et la transition de Sordi sont de plus étudiés pour plusieurs valeurs de dopage, de frustration et d'interactions. La relation de Homes pour les supraconducteurs non conventionnels est explorée dans le cadre des modélisations physiques de ce présent mémoire. Pour terminer, un logiciel de simulation numérique pour des interactions génériques électroniques et phononiques est développé dans le but de faire l'étude de la transition de Sordi sur des amas de tailles supérieures

Logical segmentation for article extraction in digitized old newspapers

Newspapers are documents made of news item and informative articles. They are not meant to be red iteratively: the reader can pick his items in any order he fancies. Ignoring this structural property, most digitized newspaper archives only offer access by issue or at best by page to their content. We have built a digitization workflow that automatically extracts newspaper articles from images, which allows indexing and retrieval of information at the article level. Our back-end system extracts the logical structure of the page to produce the informative units: the articles. Each image is labelled at the pixel level, through a machine learning based method, then the page logical structure is constructed up from there by the detection of structuring entities such as horizontal and vertical separators, titles and text lines. This logical structure is stored in a METS wrapper associated to the ALTO file produced by the system including the OCRed text. Our front-end system provides a web high definition visualisation of images, textual indexing and retrieval facilities, searching and reading at the article level. Articles transcriptions can be collaboratively corrected, which as a consequence allows for better indexing. We are currently testing our system on the archives of the Journal de Rouen, one of France eldest local newspaper. These 250 years of publication amount to 300 000 pages of very variable image quality and layout complexity. Test year 1808 can be consulted at plair.univ-rouen.fr.Comment: ACM Document Engineering, France (2012

Color and Spectral Mixings in Printed Surfaces

International audienceThe present paper discusses the concept of subtractive color mixing widely used in color hardcopy applications and shows that a more realistic concept would be " spectral mixing " : the physical description of the coloration of light by printed surfaces comes from the mixing of light components selectively absorbed by inks or dyes during their patch within the printing materials. Some classical reflectance equations for continuous tone and halftone prints are reviewed and considered as spectral mixing laws. The challenge of extending these models to new inkless printing processes based on laser radiation is also addressed. Color mixing is a key-concept in color reproduction, either by painting, printing, or displaying. It refers to the observation that a large panel of colors (the color gamut) can be achieved by varying the amount of a limited set of base colors, called primaries. With light emitting systems, the primaries are light sources, often with red, green and blue color, that are either superposed or juxtaposed with a shorter period than the visual acuity. Since the tristimulus values of the produced colors is a linear, additive combination of the tristimulus values of the three primaries, this type of color mixing has been called additive color mixing. This concept, based on Grassman's additivity law, enabled the color matching experiments at the basis of colorimetry [1]. In opposition to the light emitting systems, paintings and printed hardcopies selectively attenuate the incident white light in different proportions according to the wavelength. Layers of primaries, paints or inks, are coated on a reflecting support and play a role of spectral filtering of light. This type of color mixing is improperly called subtractive color mixing [2], by reference to the fact that part of the incident light is removed by filtering, but the tristimulus values of paint or ink mixtures cannot be obtained by combining the tristimulus values of the primaries; it is therefore not a color mixing in the sense of colorimetry. However, the subtractive color mixing is also related to a physical experience, which consists in producing many colors by mixing nonscattering dyes, usually of cyan, magenta and yellow color. According to the Beer-Lambert-Bouguer law [1], the spectral absorption coefficient of the dye mixture, () K λ , is a linear, additive combi-The final publication is available at http://link.springer.co

Visual quality of printed surfaces: Study of homogeneity

International audienceThis paper introduces a homogeneity assessment method for the printed versions of uniform color images. This parameter has been specifically selected as one of the relevant attributes of printing quality. The method relies on image processing algorithms from a scanned image of the printed surface, especially the computation of gray level cooccurrence matrices and of objective homogeneity attribute inspired of Haralick's parameters. The viewing distance is also taken into account when computing the homogeneity index. Resizing and filtering of the scanned image are performed in order to keep the level of details visible by a standard human observer at short and long distances. The combination of the obtained homogeneity scores on both high and low resolution images provides a homogeneity index, which can be computed for any printed version of a uniform digital image. We tested the method on several hardcopies of a same image, and compared the scores to the empirical evaluations carried out by non-expert observers who were asked to sort the samples and to place them on a metric scale. Our experiments show a good matching between the sorting by the observers and the score computed by our algorith

Leadership and Change in Asia-Pacific: Where Does Political Will Come From?

We introduce this thematic issue by exploring the role of leadership in social and political change. In current times, the importance of leadership and choice has proved as important as ever. Leadership is often the critical variable separating success or failure, legitimacy and sustainability or collapse. This thematic issue explores a range of in-depth case studies across the Asia-Pacific region that help illustrate the critical elements of leadership. Collectively they demonstrate that leadership is best understood as a collective process involving motivated agents overcoming barriers to cooperation to form coalitions that have enough power, legitimacy and influence to transform institutions. Five themes emerge from the thematic issue as a whole: leadership is political; the centrality of gender relations; the need for a more critical localism; scalar politics; and the importance of understanding informal processes of leadership and social change

Influence of capillary properties and evaporation on salt weathering of sedimentary rocks

International audienceThe importance of capillary imbibition and evaporation processes in the decay of stone through salt crystallization is estimated by different experiments adapted from the European standard EN 12370. The various tests consist in slightly modifying the salt (sodium sulphate) supply in the porous network of stones as well as the amount of evaporation and in checking the weathering evolution of the stone. The results show that ionic diffusion and dissolution of pre-existent salts are not efficient enough to imply supersaturation, hence to visually alter the stone. An exterior supply of salt is required. The influence of evaporation is clearly shown when evaporation process could not occur through a side of the sample. In this case, isolated sides are never subjected to weathering, even to simple salt efflorescence