Kooperation von Universität und angewandter Forschung bei der Entwicklung von akademischen Weiterbildungsangeboten als Herausforderung für die didaktische Konzeption

Der Beitrag referiert über das didaktische und zeitlicheKonzept einer technischen interdisziplinären akademischenWeiterbildung und liefert einen Ausblick auf die Möglichkeitender Zusammenarbeit von Universität und angewandterForschung im Bereich der universitären Weiterbildung. Einstrukturierter Fragenkatalog zur Auswahl der didaktischenMittel wird vorgestellt und es wird auf Herausforderungenbei der Entwicklung der Lehrmaterialien speziell auf Basisvon Ergebnissen eines Institutes aus dem Bereich „angewandteForschung“ eingegangen. Zudem werden die Bedarfsanalyse,die Evaluation des Gesamtkonzepts und dieinhaltliche Qualitätssicherung erläutert, insbesondere amBeispiel E-Lecture

Present and future resilience research driven by science and technology

Community resilience against major disasters is a multidisciplinary research field that garners an ever-increasing interest worldwide. This paper provides summaries of the discussions held on the subject matter and the research outcomes presented during the Second Resilience Workshop in Nanjing and Shanghai. It, thus, offers a community view of present work and future research directions identified by the workshop participants who hail from Asia – including China, Japan and Korea; Europe and the Americas

Kooperation von Universität und angewandter Forschung bei der Entwicklung von akademischen Weiterbildungsangeboten als Herausforderung für die didaktische Konzeption

Der Beitrag referiert über das didaktische und zeitliche Konzept einer technischen interdisziplinären akademischen Weiterbildung und liefert einen Ausblick auf die Möglichkeiten der Zusammenarbeit von Universität und angewandter Forschung im Bereich der universitären Weiterbildung. Ein strukturierter Fragenkatalog zur Auswahl der didaktischen Mittel wird vorgestellt und es wird auf Herausforderungen bei der Entwicklung der Lehrmaterialien speziell auf Basis von Ergebnissen eines Institutes aus dem Bereich „angewandte Forschung“ eingegangen. Zudem werden die Bedarfsanalyse, die Evaluation des Gesamtkonzepts und die inhaltliche Qualitätssicherung erläutert, insbesondere am Beispiel E-Lecture. (DIPF/Orig.

Risk analysis and management

The book introduces basic risk concepts and then goes on to discuss risk management and analysis processes and steps. The main emphasis is on methods that fulfill the requirements of one or several risk management steps. The focus is on risk analysis methods including statistical-empirical analyses, probabilistic and parametrized models, engineering approaches and simulative methods, e.g. for fragment and blast propagation or hazard density computation. Risk management is essential for improving all resilience management steps: preparation, prevention, protection, response and recovery. The methods investigate types of event and scenario, as well as frequency, exposure, avoidance, hazard propagation, damage and risks of events. Further methods are presented for context assessment, risk visualization, communication, comparison and assessment as well as selecting mitigation measures. The processes and methods are demonstrated using detailed results and overviews of security research projects, in particular in the applications domains transport, aviation, airport security, explosive threats and urban security and safety. Topics include: sufficient control of emerging and novel hazards and risks, occupational safety, identification of minimum (functional) safety requirements, engineering methods for countering malevolent or terrorist events, security research challenges, interdisciplinary approaches to risk control and management, risk-based change and improvement management, and support of rational decision-making. The book addresses advanced bachelor students, master and doctoral students as well as scientists, researchers and developers in academia, industry, small and medium enterprises working in the emerging field of security and safety engineering

Risk management approach

The EVERSAFE project has the challenge to identify potential safety issues for vehicles which have had limited commercial sales, and thereby, limited field data to document safety and reliability issues in terms of event details and frequency. ISO 26262 is a new branch specific standard for functional safety of automotive electrical/ electronic/ programmable electronic (E/E/PE) systems carrying out a safety function. The standard aims to identify the potential hazards caused by malfunctions of E/E/PE systems, to assess their risks and to reduce the risks demonstrably to an acceptable level by taking the appropriate countermeasures. As safety investigations are part of EVERSAFE project, ISO 26262 is a relevant approach for this project. In addition, the determination of risks that must be further reduced is covered by the safety life cycle of ISO 26262, independent of their reduction by E/E/PE safety functions or not. The EVERSAFE project is planning a workshop to identify the main safety risks that should be addressed in the project. The main goal of this report is to review the ISO 26262 and to identify the safety life cycle phases that are covered by project activities for active safety investigation of EVERSAFE. This framework will be a basis for the workshop. Of particular relevance is the Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) system that provides a system for identifying the hazards, their exposure (expected frequency) to the vehicle occupants, controllability by the driver, and the resulting severity. For this purpose, the scope, structure and content of ISO 26262 are described in detail. In particular, safety life cycle phases, their requirements and analysis methods to fulfil them are presented.EverSaf

Technical safety and reliability methods for resilience engineering

Resilience of technical and socio-technical systems can be defined as their capability to behave in an acceptable way along the timeline pre, during and post potentially dangerous or disruptive events, i.e. in all phases of the resilience cycle and overall. Hence technical safety and reliability methods and processes for technical safety and reliability are strong candidate approaches to achieve the objective of engineering resilience for such systems. This is also expected when restricting the set of methods to classical safety and reliability assessment methods, e.g. classical Hazard Analysis (HA) methods, inductive Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), deductive Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), Reliability Block Diagrams (RBDs), Event Tree Analysis (ETA) and reliability prediction. Such methods have the advantage that they are typically already used in industrial research and development. However, improving the resilience of systems is usually not their explicit aim. The paper covers how to allocate such methods to different resilience assessment, response, development and resilience management tasks when engineering resilience from a technical perspective. In particular, the resilience dimensions of risk management, resilience objectives, resilience cycle time phases, technical resilience capabilities and system layers are used explicitly to explore their range of applicability. Also typical system graphical modelling, hardware and software development methods are assessed to document the usability of technical reliability and safety methods for resilience analytics and technically engineering resilience

Quantifying resilience for resilience engineering of socio technical systems

Resilience engineering can be defined to comprise originally technical, engineering and natural science approaches to improve the resilience and sustainability of socio technical cyber-physical systems of various complexities with respect to disruptive events. It is argued how this emerging interdisciplinary technical and societal science approach may contribute to civil and societal security research. In this context, the article lists expected benefits of quantifying resilience. Along the resilience engineering definition objectives, it formulates resilience optimization or minimization problems, which can be further detailed, e.g. in terms of resilience chance optimization. The main focus is on four types of approaches to achieve resilience quantification: (1) qualitative/quantitative/analytical resilience assessment processes and frameworks, (2) probabilistic/statistical static expansion approaches, (3) resilience trajectory/propagation/dynamic approaches, and (4) complex system resilience modeling, simulation and analysis. The article comprises for each quantification option its motivation, a top level derivation as well as formal, tabular, schematic or plot-wise representations, as appropriate. For each approach, a list of application examples of methods are given that could implement the resilience quantification. In particular, the article introduces the concepts and notions of resilience expansion order analysis, resilience transition matrix elements, generation of time-dependent resilience response curves, indicators and distributions, resilience barrier, and resilience tunneling or equivalently resilience gap and resilience bridging, as well as resilience quantity probability density

Towards visibility and audibility algorithms for assessing perceived safety and security in public areas based on digital 3D city models

The assessment of feeling comfortable, safe and secure versus feeling not at ease in cities is an important issue when planning to (re)design urban built environments such as public areas and residential districts. The general feeling of security in the public space is known to be related to perceived visibility and audibility. Based on digital 3D city models of existing or planned urban spaces, this paper focusses on determining visibility and audibility. Also, other potential quantities are introduced: brightness, overview, and person distribution. It presents a tentative analytical framework and algorithmic approaches expressing the relevant inputs and necessary calculation steps as well as pseudocode expressions. The paper relates the general concept of calculations involved to existing similar implementations in the literature. The proposed calculation scheme for the analysis of visibility and audibility is able to take additional factors into account, for instance exposure of persons, psychological factors, physical perception and transparency of urban furniture regarding view and sound propagation. It is able to consider psychophysical facts like decreasing of visibility and audibility with increasing distance or reflection and absorption of sound waves on urban components. The proposed approach determines visibility and audibility measures intended to be used for planning processes of safer spaces in cities

Towards a novel and applicable approach for Resilience Engineering

Resilience Engineering can provide society and its critical infrastructure and systems with means, methods and technologies to overcome disruptions with as less harm as possible. In this context it is of utmost importance to identify ways to strengthen the adaptive capacity of up to complex socio technical systems. We try to establish Resilience Engineering as away of thinking that enables engineers to use their scientific expertise, creative ingenuity and help society to develop tools to handle all kinds of adverse events properly - from critical system disruptions, natural disasters, global terrorism to large-scale infrastructure failure. For that purpose, we suggest to deliberately limit the scope of Resilience Engineering towards engineering, i.e. mainly technological solutions, in contrast to the main body of Resilience Engineering literature. By that we try to pave the way for the next generation of engineers dealing with the extension from risk analysis and management towards resilience thinking. In short, Resilience Engineering means preserving critical functionality, ensuring graceful degradation and enabling fast recovery of systems with the help of engineered generic capabilities as well as customized technological solutions when the systems witness problems, unexpected disruptions or unexampled events. One central aspect of Resilience Engineering is the ability to quantify and measure resilience. Only adequate and valid indicators will give us the chance for comparatively and absolutely analyzing various systems with respect to their specific resilience. Finally, we need to be able to develop advanced methods for modelling and simulating, in particular for complex systems and their resilience towards adverse events. The presentation will hint at opportunities and research necessities for developing a new and integrated approach to model, simulate and improve the resilience of complex, interdependent, sociotechnical systems