A new, substituted palladacycle for ppm level Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross couplings in water.

A newly engineered palladacycle that contains substituents on the biphenyl rings along with the ligand HandaPhos is especially well-matched to an aqueous micellar medium, enabling valued Suzuki-Miyaura couplings to be run not only in water under mild conditions, but at 300 ppm of Pd catalyst. This general methodology has been applied to several targets in the pharmaceutical area. Multiple recyclings of the aqueous reaction mixture involving both the same as well as different coupling partners is demonstrated. Low temperature microscopy (cryo-TEM) indicates the nature and size of the particles acting as nanoreactors. Importantly, given the low loadings of Pd invested per reaction, ICP-MS analyses of residual palladium in the products shows levels to be expected that are well within FDA allowable limits

Symbiotic Organisms Search Optimization to Predict Optimal Thread Count for Multi-threaded Applications

Multicore systems have emerged as a cost-effective option for the growing demands for high-performance, low-energy computing. Thread management has long been a source of concern for developers, as overheads associated with it reduce the overall throughput of the multicore processor systems. One of the most complex problems with multicore processors is determining the optimal number of threads for the execution of multithreaded programs. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel solution based on a modified symbiotic organism search (MSOS) algorithm which is a bio-inspired algorithm used for optimization in various engineering domains. This technique uses mutualism, commensalism and parasitism behaviours seen in organisms for searching the optimal solutions in the available search space. The algorithm is simulated on the NVIDIA DGX Intel-Xeon E5-2698-v4 server with PARSEC 3.0 benchmark suit.  The results show that keeping the thread count equal to the number of processors available in the system is not necessarily the best strategy to get maximum speedup when running multithreaded programs. It was also observed that when programs are run with the optimal thread count, the execution time is substantially decreased, resulting in energy savings due to the use of fewer processors than are available in the system

Energy Efficiency Based Load Balancing Optimization Routing Protocol In 5G Wireless Communication Networks

A significant study area in cloud computing that still requires attention is how to distribute the workload among virtual machines and resources. Main goal of this research is to develop an efficient cloud load balancing approach, improve response time, decrease readiness time, maximise source utilisation, and decrease activity rejection time. This research propose novel technique in load balancing based network optimization using routing protocol for 5G wireless communication networks. the network load balancing has been carried out using cloud based software defined multi-objective optimization routing protocol. then the network security has been enhanced by data classification utilizing deep belief Boltzmann NN. Experimental analysis has been carried out based on load balancing and security data classification in terms of throughput, packet delivery ratio, energy efficiency, latency, accuracy, precision, recall

Demographic study of congenital talipes equinovarus deformity in central India

Background: Congenital idiopathic clubfoot is the most common birth defect of the musculoskeletal system affecting 1 in every 1000 live births each year. Aim of our study was to determine the demographic variables, risk factors associated with CTEV in central India.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from January 2019 to August 2020 using data of 200 patients with CTEV registered at department of orthopaedics, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose medical college, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India were included in our study.Results; Out of total of 200 patients, 167 patients belong to age group <1 year (83.5%) with range from 10 days -7 years. Males were twice (65%) likely affected and (53.5%) clubfoot cases had both feet affected. Right side was more affected in unilateral cases. 189 patients (94.5%) were idiopathic, whereas 11 patients (5.5%) were non-idiopathic. there were 58 (29%) children out of 200, born of consanguineous marriage of parents. Risk factors like anemia, jaundice, asphyxia, obstructed labor, history of miscarriage had positive correlation with clubfoot. CTEV patients of low birth weight <2.5 kg associated with maternal risk factors like smoking, alcohol, anemia.Conclusions: Demographic study is useful tool for determining birth prevalence and risk factors associated with CTEV. There are significantly higher proportion of consanguinity in clubfoot patients. Cultural differences may lead to differences in our findings with respect to the previous studies. These preliminary findings will help in the future for similar studies in central India as well as in the general Indian population

Gluten Detection Methods and Their Critical Role in Assuring Safe Diets for Celiac Patients

Celiac disease, wheat sensitivity, and allergy represent three different reactions, which may occur in genetically predisposed individuals on the ingestion of wheat and derived products with various manifestations. Improvements in the disease diagnostics and understanding of disease etiology unveiled that these disorders are widespread around the globe affecting about 7% of the population. The only known treatment so far is a life-long gluten-free diet, which is almost impossible to follow because of the contamination of allegedly “gluten-free” products. Accidental contamination of inherently gluten-free products could take place at any level from field to shelf because of the ubiquity of these proteins/grains. Gluten contamination of allegedly “gluten-free” products is a constant threat to celiac patients and a major health concern. Several detection procedures have been proposed to determine the level of contamination in products for celiac patients. The present article aims to review the advantages and disadvantages of different gluten detection methods, with emphasis on the recent technology that allows identification of the immunogenic-gluten peptides without the use of antibodies. The possibility to detect gluten contamination by different approaches with similar or better detection efficiency in different raw and processed foods will guarantee the safety of the foods for celiac patients

Adjunct Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes: A Survey to Uncover Unmet Needs and Patient Preferences Beyond HbA1c Measures.

Background: Adjunct therapy can help patients with type 1 diabetes achieve glycemic goals while potentially mitigating some of the side effects of insulin. In this study, we used a patient survey to identify the unmet needs in type 1 diabetes therapy, patient views of treatment benefit-risk trade-offs, and patient preferences for the use of an adjunct therapy. Methods: A quantitative survey was sent to 2084 adults with type 1 diabetes in November 2017. "Jobs-to-be-done" and conjoint analyses were performed on survey responses to identify unmet needs and the importance of treatment-associated benefits and risks to patients. A 5-point Likert scale measured the importance and satisfaction with patients' current therapy, and with gaps relating to unmet needs. In the conjoint analysis, patients were asked to choose between "packages" of attributes of two doses of adjunct therapy (200 and 400 mg) and placebo, based on established benefits and side effects. Results: A total of 1313 patients (63%) responded. The greatest unmet needs identified were simplifying treatment, lowering/maintaining glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), reducing mental effort, and increasing time in range (TIR). Conjoint analysis showed that reductions in body weight and TIR had the highest attribute importance (25% and 18%, respectively). The majority (93%) of patients had a preference for the adjunct therapy (either dose) over placebo. Conclusions: This survey highlights the importance of measures beyond HbA1c, such as treatment simplification and TIR, and patient preference for adjunct therapies that help address unmet needs in type 1 diabetes treatment

DETERMINATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF PACLITAXEL IN HUMAN PLASMA BY LC-MS/MS: APPLIED METHOD TO THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING

A high throughput liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination and quantification of anti-cancer drug Paclitaxel in human plasma is described for the application to therapeutic drug monitoring. It is rapid and sensitive binary phase reversed phase LC-MS/MS method equipped with electro spray ionization (ESI) source and C18 column (100 mm x 4.6mm, 5μm), operating in the positive ion and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The extraction of Paclitaxel and Carbamazepine (Internal standard) from the human plasma was carried out by two phase liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method using methyl tert butyl ether (MTBE) as an extractive solvent giving extracts free from endogenous interferences. The retention time of Paclitaxel is 1.44 minutes with the flow rate of 0.5 mL/minutes. Sample preparation by this method yielded very good and consistent mean recoveries of Paclitaxel and IS. The method was linear over the dynamic range 5.00 to 3000.00 ng/mL (r2 0.997). The lower limit of detection and quantification for Paclitaxel on mass was found to be 5 ng/mL. This method was fully validated as per USFDA and EMEA guidelines. Conclusion: The proposed LCMS/MS method has better performance in terms of simplicity, sensitivity, stability and specificity than the previously reported methods. Moreover, there is rapid sample preparation, adequate retention and better extraction efficiency with less matrix interferences. Therefore, it can be considered as a suited bio-analytical tool for therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic analysis during chemotherapy

Comparison of Blood Pressure in Beta Thalassemia Major Patients with that of Control

Introduction and Objectives : β-thalassemia major patients need to have repeated blood transfusions throughout their life for survival, which leads to so many complications. Heart disease is the most important complication and the main determinant of survival in these patients. Our study shows comparison of blood pressure between these patients and that of normal subjects. Material and Methods : Present study was a cross sectional type of study and consisted of 100 normal subjects (control group) and 100 patients of beta thalassemia major (study group). Blood pressure was recorded in both the groups using mercury sphygmomanometer and statistical analysis of the observations was done using Z test. Results : There was no statistically significant difference in the Systolic blood pressure (SBP) of study group as compared to control group whereas there was a difference in the Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of study group and control group which was statistically significant (p value &lt;0.0001). Conclusion : There was an overall reduction in the blood pressure of study group as compared to control group but the difference in SBP was statistically not significant whereas that of DBP was statistically significant. Key Words: Beta thalassemia major, Diastolic blood pressure, Systolic blood pressur