Athletes\u27 retrospectives on serious sports injuries.

This study investigated qualitatively the serious sports injury experiences of athletes. Participants were fifteen university, provincial, national, or local all-star level athletes between the ages of twenty and twenty-nine. All had been injured between two and eight years prior to being interviewed. In-depth interviews with each participant focused on personal history, injury history and experience, health care and social support, injury aftermath, and a follow-up section which included a validity check. Data from the interviews were organized into increasingly broader ordered themes that ultimately summarized the fundamental features of the injury experience. The second order themes derived from the first order themes and, in some cases, only the first order themes arising from the raw data analysis were: injury diagnosis, physical fears and adaptations, the role of health care professionals, affective domain responses, cognitive domain responses, shared social reality, empathetic support, altered self-concept, threats to sport goals, and feelings of a loss of personal control. These themes were ultimately organized into a model of the injury experience that identified an increase over time of internal attributions that reflected a positive self-concept. Early in the injury experience, athletes perceived themselves as being at fault for the injury and its negative consequences and were dependent upon others, especially health care professionals, for the positive aspects of their recovery. Internal attributions were couched in negative terms while external attributions were phrased in positive terms. As time went on, athletes came to take more responsibility for their own recovery and developed a more positive attitude toward their bodies, their injuries, and their role in rehabilitation. At some point, the injured athletes reversed the pattern that existed early in rehabilitation and began to develop a more positive self-concept and a more internally directed attitude toward recovery.Dept. of Kinesiology. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1994 .G98. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 34-02, page: 0498. Adviser: John Corlett. Thesis (M.Hk.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1994

Areas of Improvement in Hungarian SMEs Competitiveness – Corporate Financial Literacy in Focus

The 2007–2008 global financial crisis exposed the problems arising from systemic risk management on a micro- and a macro-economic level. This period was particularly challenging for the entire economic system of individual countries, including all the participants of economy. Post-crisis changes require appropriate awareness and financial determination and an adequate level of financial literacy of market operators. When it comes to financial literacy, innovation should be mentioned, since the parallel development of these two factors has a favourable impact on economic stability and on the competitiveness of a country. Overall, the level of financial literacy and the capacity for innovation have an influence on the stability, growth potential and competitiveness of enterprises and of the entire national economy. Therefore, improving financial literacy is in priority national interest, and as such, it must be at the centre of attention at all times

Interaction Of As(III) with Thiolate-Containing Molecules

The aqueous solutions of arsenous acid with thiolate containing organic ligands such as the meso and racemic forms of 1,4-dithiol-butane-2,3-diol, (dithioerythritol – dte and dithiothreitol - dtt) as well as 2,3-dimercaptopropanol (called also British anti-Lewisite (BAL) or Dimercaprol) were investigated. pH-mertric titrations were performed in solutions with different molar ratios of As(III) and the ligands. The pKa values for As(OH)3, and the ligands determined from these data were in good agreement with the literature data. In all investigated systems containing both As(OH)3 and one of the ligands, the deprotonation steps appeared at a higher pH in the titration curves, than in those of the individual components. This unusual observation was explained by the condensation reactions between the reagents taking place in the pH < 8 range. In some of these systems the pH-metry was combined with NMR and UV spectroscopic measurements. We observed the complexes with 1:1 As(III):ligand composition as being the major species in aqueous solutions. In the case of As(III)-dte system we could crystallize the complex of 1:1 composition from ethanolic solution

Solution properties of iron(III) complexes with 5-fluorosalicylic acid- spectra, speciation, and redox stability

Iron(III)-5-fluorosalicylic acid systems were investigated in water by pH potentiometry combined with UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The data revealed that stable aquated mono-, bis-, and tris(5-fluorosalicylato) iron(III) complexes are formed together with their monohydroxo and dihydroxo analogues. The stability constants of all present iron(III) species were calculated. Based on pH and the metal: ligand ratio dependent distribution of the species, electronic absorption spectra of the complexes in the visible region were obtained. Redox stability was monitored as an ability to undergo both spontaneous and photoinduced reduction of iron(III) to iron(II). Complexes do not undergo any redox changes when in dark neither in methanol nor in water. While aqueous solutions of complexes are stable under the influence of incident visible radiation, steady-state irradiation of the methanolic systems by visible light led to photoreduction of iron(III) to iron(II), the quantum yield of iron(II) photoformation was determined. (C) 2008 Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences

Az Uniós finanszírozási források és a Kkv-szektor teljesítménymutatóinak összefüggései

Recognising the key role of small and medium-sized enterprises in the economy and society, supporting, expanding or financing the SME sector is a key issue of today’s economic policy both on national and EU level. In addition to recognising the importance of the sector, the anomaly of access to funds owing to differences between SMEs and large companies has become obvious. The aim of this study is to examine the national economic effect of development and growth generated by various EU measures on the most significant performance indicators of enterprises though the analysis of time series, map the types and alternatives of different EU funds and capital injections offered with the purpose of improving the capital situation of SMEs, as well as to describe the character of nonfinancial aids. My theoretical research, which comprises the positive effects as well as the drawbacks of financial aids, is primarily based on the relevant EU directives, calls, calls for tender, previous studies and literature

Competition of zinc(II) with cadmium(II) or mercury(II) in binding to a 12-mer peptide

Speciation of the complexes of zinc(II) with a dodecapeptide (Ac-SCPGDQGSDCSI-NH2), inspired by the metal binding domain of MerR metalloregulatory proteins, have been studied by pH-potentiometric titrations, UV, SRCD (synchrotron radiation circular dichroism) and 1H NMR experiments. (MerR is a family of transcriptional regulators the archetype of which is the Hg2+-responsive transcriptional repressor-activator MerR protein.) The aim of the ligand-design was to retain the advantageous metal binding features of MerR proteins in a model peptide for the efficient capture of toxic metal ions. The peptide binds zinc(II) via two deprotonated Cys-thiol groups and one of the Asp-carboxylates in the ZnL parent complex, possessing a remarkably high stability (logK = 9.93). In spite of the relatively long peptide loop, bis-complexes are also formed with the metal ion under basic conditions. In a competition with cadmium(II) or mercury(II), zinc(II) cannot prevent the binding of toxic metal ions by the thiolate donor groups of the ligand. Around neutral pH one equivalent of mercury(II) was shown to fully replace zinc(II) from the ZnL species. Partial replacement of zinc(II) from the peptide by one equivalent of cadmium(II), relative to zinc(II) and the ligand, is also presumable, nevertheless, spectroscopic data may suggest the formation of mixed metal ion complexes, as well. Based on the obtained results the investigated dodecapeptide can be a promising candidate for capturing toxic metal ions in practical applications