Relationship between family characteristics and sex offences by young males

The aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between family characteristics and young sex offenders. The analysis used draws upon data from juvenile delinquents in the England's secure Youth Treatment Service in 1999, containing 126 males between 11 and 17 years old. A binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to ascertain the relationship of family factors (i.e., family structure, domestic violence, criminality, alcohol and drugs misuse, and psychiatric illness) on the likelihood that adolescents become sex offenders. Results suggest that all variables used in the logistic regression model were associated with committing a sex offence, except foster care, which reveals that foster placements are a protective factor related to sexual offending behaviours. Additional findings and implications are discussed

Analysis of fault bend folding kinematic models and comparison with an analog experiment

Analog modeling of a flat-ramp-flat fault system was performed and its geometry and displacement field were compared to those of different kinematic models such as classical fault bend folding, fault parallel flow, incline-shear, curvilinear hinge, and backlimb trishear. To obtain the displacement vectors of the analog experiment, a Particle Image Velocimetry was performed. All analyzed kinematic models could explain the general configuration of the fault bend folding. However, only backlimb trishear could represent the geometry, directions of particle displacements, and relations between the displacements’ vectors. We propose in this paper that the combination of different asymmetry angles and different apical angles of the backlimb trishear model for each bend in a fault bend fold could be a very versatile and general kinematic model for simulating fault bend folds. Backlimb trishear apical angle can be used to control the shape of the hinges of a fold, while the asymmetry can be used to convolve the velocity of the particles above the fault. Both apical angle and asymmetries different from zero imply thickness changes. Fault bend folds with high inclination forelimbs can be reproduced with high positive asymmetries in the anticline bends of the fault.Fil: Plotek, Berenice Lia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Guzman, Cecilia Griselda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Cristallini, Ernesto Osvaldo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Yagupsky, Daniel Leonardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; Argentin

Modelado análogo de pliegues por propagación de falla: obtención y comparación del campo cinemático

Los pliegues por propagación de falla se forman contemporáneamente a la propagación deuna falla a través de una serie de estratos, donde el acortamiento da lugar a la formación deun pliegue en la zona próxima a su terminación. Una de las principales características deeste tipo particular de plegamiento es que su limbo frontal presenta mayor ángulo deinclinación. Los primeros métodos para analizar la evolución se basan en construcciones apartir de relaciones geométricas. Erslev (1991) propone un método cinemático, denominadoTrishear, debido a que estas estructuras presentan una zona triangular de deformaciónpenetrativa focalizada. Esto puede ser modelado por medio de cizalla conformando unmodelo alternativo donde los bancos rotan progresivamente y con heterogeneidad en ladeformación, sobre todo hacia el limbo frontal (Allmendinger R.W., 1998). De esta manera,se relaciona la geometría y el desplazamiento de la falla con la forma del anticlinal. Estemétodo es especialmente útil ya que permite obtener los patrones de deformación. Sinembargo, su punto débil es que las distribuciones de velocidad pueden no tener validezmecánica, ya que no toma en cuenta las propiedades de los materiales que sufrendeformación. Durante este trabajo se describe un modelo experimental realizado en ellaboratorio a partir de materiales simples para la obtención del campo cinemático a lo largodel desarrollo de la estructura a partir de imágenes seriadas. El propósito consiste en definirlas diferentes etapas de formación del anticlinal y plantear cómo evoluciona el campocinemático, representado por los vectores de velocidad que se observan en las fotografías,sin dejar de lado el marco mecánico.Fil: Plotek, Berenice Lia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Guzman, Cecilia Griselda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Cristallini, Ernesto Osvaldo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; Argentina15º Encuentro del Centro Internacional de Ciencias de la TierraArgentinaUniversidad Nacional de CuyoComisión Nacional de Energía Atómic

Pliegues por propagación de falla: comparación cinemática a partir de un modelo análogo

a comprensión de la mecánica y la cinemática del plegamiento por propagación de fallas se ha convertido en un campo de investigación importante en los estudios de geología durante las últimas décadas. Aquí nuestro objetivo es comprender estos pliegues a través de experimentos con modelos análogos. Realizamos un modelado análogo para obtener el campo de velocidades durante la evolución de la estructura y compararlo con el propuesto por trishear (Allmendinger 1998), un modelo cinemático teórico. Para eso, utilizamos una velocimetría por imágenes de partículas (PIV). Los vectores analizados en el bloque colganterevelan un aumento gradual en la componente vertical de los vectores de velocidad hasta que son casi paralelos a la falla, mostrando una buena correlación con la cinemática propuesta por trishear. Ennuestro análisis, seleccionamos perfiles para estudiar las componentes paralelos y perpendiculares a la falla en diferentes etapas del modelo. Además, comparamos la geometría del pliegue obtenida aplicando diferentes ángulos apicales de trishear utilizando el programa Andino 3D. Aunque varios trabajos comparan la cinemática y la deformación de los pliegues de propagación de fallas con modelos mecánicos numéricos (Hughes y Shaw 2015),existen pocas comparaciones realizadas a partir de modelos análogos(Bonanno et al. 2017). Para producir un pliegue por propagación de falla en nuestro modelo experimental, se empleó arena, un material granular comúnmente utilizado en estas simulaciones (Klinkmüller et al. 2016) y pasta azucarada. Este material nos permite generar una zona de deformación continua en lugar de fracturas menores como lasque se pueden obtener al deformar materiales granulares como la arena. El análisis de una sucesión de imágenes, utilizando una velocimetría por imágenes de partículas (PIV), proporciona un registro visual de los vectores de velocidad durante la evolución dela estructura.Fil: Plotek, Berenice Lia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Guzman, Cecilia Griselda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Cristallini, Ernesto Osvaldo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Yagupsky, Daniel Leonardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaXVIII Reunión de TectónicaSan LuisArgentinaUniversidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico, Matemáticas y NaturalesComisión de Tectónica de la Asociación Geológica Argentin

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study

Background: Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Findings: Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8-13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05-6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50-75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. Interpretation: Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Relationship between family characteristics and sex offences by young males

The aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between family characteristics and young sex offenders. The analysis used draws upon data from juvenile delinquents in the England's secure Youth Treatment Service in 1999, containing 126 males between 11 and 17 years old. A binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to ascertain the relationship of family factors (i.e., family structure, domestic violence, criminality, alcohol and drugs misuse, and psychiatric illness) on the likelihood that adolescents become sex offenders. Results suggest that all variables used in the logistic regression model were associated with committing a sex offence, except foster care, which reveals that foster placements are a protective factor related to sexual offending behaviours. Additional findings and implications are discussed

Analog model of extensional faults and comparison with the zone of tension Las Salinas, Province of Neuquén

Se realizó una serie modelos análogos con el objeto de analizar el comportamiento del sistema de fallas normales denominado LasSalinas ubicado en el flanco occidental del Dorso de los Chihuidos, Neuquén, Argentina. A partir de la digitalización de cortes seriados de estos modelos, se confeccionaron cubos 3D que permitieron analizar las estructuras desarrolladas en los distintos modelosanálogos. Gracias a esta técnica fue posible visualizar los diferentes estadios de evolución de un sistema de fallas normales y realizaruna comparación con el prototipo en el campo neuquino. Es posible concluir que en las etapas más avanzadas de los experimentosaquellas estructuras que presentan una aparente continuidad en su análisis en planta, son el resultado de la interacción de fallasmenores que se conectan a medida que avanza la extensión. De la comparación entre modelos y prototipo de campo, se propone queel fallamiento normal Las Salinas responde a un modelo de estructuras en dominó, desatado a partir de la movilidad de evaporitas abaja profundidad y la pendiente regional dada por el flanco oeste del Dorso de los Chihuidos.To study the system of normal faults “Las Salinas” in the western flank of the Chihuidos high, Neuquén, Argentina, analogue models were performed. From digitalized serial sections of these models it was possible to develop a 3D box using the Software Andino 3D. This program allows to observe the generated structures and follow the different phases of evolution of the normal faults. We compared them with the prototype in the Neuquén Basin, concluding that the normal faults that present an apparent continuity at the end of the experiment are the result of the linkage of overlapping minor faults segments that interact while the extension increases. Moreover, we propose that normal faulting in the area responds to a model of structures in domino, generated due to the migration of salt located at low depth and the regional slope given by the western flank of the Chihuidos high.Fil: Plotek, Berenice Lia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Guzman, Cecilia Griselda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Cristallini, Ernesto Osvaldo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Tequila Agave Bagasse Hydrolysate for the Production of Polyhydroxybutyrate by Burkholderia sacchari

Tequila agave bagasse (TAB) is the fibrous waste from the Tequila production process. It is generated in large amounts and its disposal is an environmental problem. Its use as a source of fermentable sugars for biotechnological processes is of interest; thus, it was investigated for the production of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) by the xylose-assimilating bacteria Burkholderia sacchari. First, it was chemically hydrolyzed, yielding 20.6 g·L−1 of reducing sugars, with xylose and glucose as the main components (7:3 ratio). Next, the effect of hydrolysis by-products on B. sacchari growth was evaluated. Phenolic compounds showed the highest toxicity (> 60% of growth inhibition). Then, detoxification methods (resins, activated charcoal, laccases) were tested to remove the growth inhibitory compounds from the TAB hydrolysate (TABH). The highest removal percentage (92%) was achieved using activated charcoal (50 g·L−1, pH 2, 4 h). Finally, detoxified TABH was used as the carbon source for the production of PHB in a two-step batch culture, reaching a biomass production of 11.3 g·L−1 and a PHB accumulation of 24 g PHB g−1 dry cell (after 122 h of culture). The polymer structure resulted in a homopolymer of 3-hydroxybutyric acid. It is concluded that the TAB could be hydrolyzed and valorized as a carbon source for producing PHB

Detection of IgA and IgG Antibodies against the Structural Proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in Breast Milk and Serum Samples Derived from Breastfeeding Mothers

Background: COVID-19 vaccination or natural infection is associated with the development of immunity. The search of IgA and IgG antibodies against all the structural proteins (spike, nucleocapsid, membrane, and envelope) of SARS-CoV-2 in breastfeeding mothers is associated with immunity that can help the newborn avoid development of the infection. Methods: In this study, we analyzed 30 breastfeeding women that provided samples of breast milk and serum and evaluated the presence of IgA, total IgG, and subclasses against the structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Results: We reported a high seroprevalence to IgA (76.67–100%) and negativity to IgG against all analyzed proteins in breast milk. Seroprevalence in serum samples was around 10–36.67% to IgA and 23.3–60% to IgG. Finally, we detected the presence of the subclasses IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 against all the structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: This work provides evidence of the presence of IgA and IgG antibodies against the four structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk and serum samples derived from breastfeeding women, which can confer immunity to the newborn