Hooked on a Feeling: Influence of Brief Exposure to Familiar Music on Feelings of Emotion in Individuals with Alzheimer\u27s Disease

BACKGROUND: Research has indicated that individuals with Alzheimer\u27s-type dementia (AD) can experience prolonged emotions, even when they cannot recall the eliciting event. Less is known about whether music can modify the emotional state of individuals with AD and whether emotions evoked by music linger in the absence of a declarative memory for the eliciting event. OBJECTIVE: We examined the effects of participant-selected recorded music on self-reported feelings of emotion in individuals with AD, and whether these feelings persisted irrespective of declarative memory for the emotion-inducing stimuli. METHODS: Twenty participants with AD and 19 healthy comparisons (HCs) listened to two 4.5-minute blocks of self-selected music that aimed to induce either sadness or happiness. Participants reported their feelings at baseline and three times post-induction and completed recall and recognition tests for the music selections after each induction. RESULTS: Participants with AD had impaired memory for music selections compared to HCs. Both groups reported elevated sadness and negative affect after listening to sad music and increased happiness and positive affect after listening to happy music, relative to baseline. Sad/negative and happy/positive emotions endured up to 20 minutes post-induction. CONCLUSION: Brief exposure to music can induce strong and lingering emotions in individuals with AD. These findings extend the intriguing phenomenon whereby lasting emotions can be prompted by stimuli that are not remembered declaratively. Our results underscore the utility of familiar music for inducing emotions in individuals with AD and may ultimately inform strategies for using music listening as a therapeutic tool with this population

Ciclo gonádico de Tegula aureotincta (Mollusca: Gastropoda) en Bahía Asunción, Baja California Sur, México

The histological gonadal cycle of Tegula aureotincta was determined at Bahia Asuncion Baja California Sur. Monthly samples of 25 to 30 organisms were collected from January to December 2006. They were processed by histological technique, embedded in paraffin, sections 7- ?m thick were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The sex ratio was 1:1. Both sexes presented gametogenesis and maturity stages the year through. Two major spawning events were identified in autumn-winter and spring. The maturity and spawning times have close relations with the seasonal change of sea water temperature.Se describe el ciclo gonádico de Tegula aureotincta en Bahía Asunción Baja California Sur. Se recolectaron mensualmente de 25 a 30 organismos de enero a diciembre de 2006. Estos fueron procesados con la técnica histológica de inclusión en parafina, el tejido de la gónada se cortó a 7 ?m de grosor, los cortes fueron teñidos mediante la técnica de Hematoxilina-Eosina. La proporción de sexos fue 1:1, tanto hembras como machos presentaron todo el año gametogénesis y madurez, con dos eventos principales de expulsión de gametos: uno en otoño-invierno y otro en primavera. La madurez y los momentos de expulsión de gametos guardan aparentemente estrecha relación con los cambios estacionales de la temperatura

Associations between plasma neurofilament light, in vivo brain pathology, and cognition in non-demented individuals with autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease

BACKGROUND: Neurofilament light (NfL) is a promising biomarker of early neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We examined whether plasma NfL was associated with in vivo amyloid beta and tau, and cognitive performance in non-demented presenilin-1 (PSEN1) E280A mutation carriers. METHODS: Twenty-five mutation carriers and 19 non-carriers (age range: 28 to 49 years) were included in this study. Participants underwent 11C Pittsburgh compound B (PiB)-PET (positron emission tomography), flortaucipir-PET, blood sampling, and cognitive testing. RESULTS: Mutation carriers exhibited higher plasma NfL levels than non-carriers. In carriers, higher NfL levels were related to greater regional tau burden and worse cognition, but not amyloid beta load. When we adjusted for age, a proxy of disease progression, elevated plasma NfL levels were only correlated with worse memory recall. CONCLUSIONS: Findings support an association between plasma NfL, cognition, and tau pathology in non-demented individuals at genetic risk for developing AD dementia. Plasma NfL may be useful for selecting individuals at increased risk and tracking disease progression in AD

VAMOS: a Pathfinder for the HAWC Gamma-Ray Observatory

VAMOS was a prototype detector built in 2011 at an altitude of 4100m a.s.l. in the state of Puebla, Mexico. The aim of VAMOS was to finalize the design, construction techniques and data acquisition system of the HAWC observatory. HAWC is an air-shower array currently under construction at the same site of VAMOS with the purpose to study the TeV sky. The VAMOS setup included six water Cherenkov detectors and two different data acquisition systems. It was in operation between October 2011 and May 2012 with an average live time of 30%. Besides the scientific verification purposes, the eight months of data were used to obtain the results presented in this paper: the detector response to the Forbush decrease of March 2012, and the analysis of possible emission, at energies above 30 GeV, for long gamma-ray bursts GRB111016B and GRB120328B.Comment: Accepted for pubblication in Astroparticle Physics Journal (20 pages, 10 figures). Corresponding authors: A.Marinelli and D.Zaboro

The distribution and amount of carbon in the largest peatland complex in Amazonia

Peatlands in Amazonian Peru are known to store large quantities of carbon, but there is high uncertainty in the spatial extent and total carbon stocks of these ecosystems. Here, we use a multi-sensor (Landsat, ALOS PALSAR and SRTM) remote sensing approach, together with field data including 24 forest census plots and 218 peat thickness measurements, to map the distribution of peatland vegetation types and calculate the combined above- and below-ground carbon stock of peatland ecosystems in the Pastaza-Marañon foreland basin in Peru. We find that peatlands cover 35 600 ± 2133 km2 and contain 3.14 (0.44–8.15) Pg C. Variation in peat thickness and bulk density are the most important sources of uncertainty in these values. One particular ecosystem type, peatland pole forest, is found to be the most carbon-dense ecosystem yet identified in Amazonia (1391 ± 710 Mg C ha−1). The novel approach of combining optical and radar remote sensing with above- and below-ground carbon inventories is recommended for developing regional carbon estimates for tropical peatlands globally. Finally, we suggest that Amazonian peatlands should be a priority for research and conservation before the developing regional infrastructure causes an acceleration in the exploitation and degradation of these ecosystems

International nosocomial infection control consortium (INICC) report, data summary of 36 countries, for 2004-2009

The results of a surveillance study conducted by the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) from January 2004 through December 2009 in 422 intensive care units (ICUs) of 36 countries in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe are reported. During the 6-year study period, using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN; formerly the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance system [NNIS]) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infections, we gathered prospective data from 313,008 patients hospitalized in the consortium's ICUs for an aggregate of 2,194,897 ICU bed-days. Despite the fact that the use of devices in the developing countries' ICUs was remarkably similar to that reported in US ICUs in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were significantly higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals; the pooled rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection in the INICC ICUs of 6.8 per 1,000 central line-days was more than 3-fold higher than the 2.0 per 1,000 central line-days reported in comparable US ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia also was far higher (15.8 vs 3.3 per 1,000 ventilator-days), as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (6.3 vs. 3.3 per 1,000 catheter-days). Notably, the frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates to imipenem (47.2% vs 23.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (76.3% vs 27.1%), Escherichia coli isolates to ceftazidime (66.7% vs 8.1%), Staphylococcus aureus isolates to methicillin (84.4% vs 56.8%), were also higher in the consortium's ICUs, and the crude unadjusted excess mortalities of device-related infections ranged from 7.3% (for catheter-associated urinary tract infection) to 15.2% (for ventilator-associated pneumonia). Copyright © 2012 by the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Notes for genera: basal clades of Fungi (including Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota)

Compared to the higher fungi (Dikarya), taxonomic and evolutionary studies on the basal clades of fungi are fewer in number. Thus, the generic boundaries and higher ranks in the basal clades of fungi are poorly known. Recent DNA based taxonomic studies have provided reliable and accurate information. It is therefore necessary to compile all available information since basal clades genera lack updated checklists or outlines. Recently, Tedersoo et al. (MycoKeys 13:1--20, 2016) accepted Aphelidiomycota and Rozellomycota in Fungal clade. Thus, we regard both these phyla as members in Kingdom Fungi. We accept 16 phyla in basal clades viz. Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota. Thus, 611 genera in 153 families, 43 orders and 18 classes are provided with details of classification, synonyms, life modes, distribution, recent literature and genomic data. Moreover, Catenariaceae Couch is proposed to be conserved, Cladochytriales Mozl.-Standr. is emended and the family Nephridiophagaceae is introduced

Estudio exploratorio sobre la producción y comercialización de carne de cerdo en el Valle de Aburrá, Antioquia (Colombia)

En los últimos años el agronegocio porcino creció significativamente a nivel nacional y departamental; esta cadena productiva está conformada por proveedores de insumos, productores primarios, comercializadores, agroindustria, comercio mayorista, comercio minorista y consumidores. El presente estudio caracterizó los agentes del mercado que interactúan a lo largo de la cadena productiva y, además, cuantificó los márgenes de comercialización de la carne de cerdo en la subregión del Valle de Aburrá, departamento de Antioquia (Colombia). Para ello, se aplicó muestreo no probabilístico a conveniencia, adicionalmente, se aplicó una encuesta a 30 productores y entrevista semiestructurada a cinco agentes de mercadeo. Se encontraron dos circuitos de comercialización principales: productor-expendedor de carne y productor-intermediario-expendedor de carne. Los precios pagados a los agentes que interactúan en el circuito de la carne de cerdo en el Valle de Aburrá presentan tendencia al alza. El precio pagado por el consumidor final al expendedor de carne crece en mayor proporción que los precios pagados a la intermediación y al productor primario

Estudio exploratorio sobre la producción y comercialización de carne de cerdo en el Valle de Aburrá, Antioquia (Colombia)

Pork agribusiness has greatly increased at the province and national level in recent years. The productive chain includes input suppliers, farmers, animal re-sellers, abattoirs, meat packers, wholesale traders, retailers, and consumers. This study described the market agents that interact along this productive chain, and quantified the pork-marketing shares in Aburrá Valley, Antioquia province (Colombia). A convenience sampling was used in this study. A survey was applied to 30 producers and a semi-structured interview to five marketing agents. Two main marketing circuits were found: producer-meat vendor, and producer-broker-meat vendor. The prices paid to the agents that interact in the pork meat circuit in the Aburrá Valley show an upward trend. The price paid by the final consumer to the meat vendor grows in greater proportion than the prices paid to the brokers and to the primary producer.En los últimos años el agronegocio porcino creció significativamente a nivel nacional y departamental; esta cadena productiva está conformada por proveedores de insumos, productores primarios, comercializadores, agroindustria, comercio mayorista, comercio minorista y consumidores. El presente estudio caracterizó los agentes del mercado que interactúan a lo largo de la cadena productiva y, además, cuantificó los márgenes de comercialización de la carne de cerdo en la subregión del Valle de Aburrá, departamento de Antioquia (Colombia). Para ello, se aplicó muestreo no probabilístico a conveniencia, adicionalmente, se aplicó una encuesta a 30 productores y entrevista semiestructurada a cinco agentes de mercadeo. Se encontraron dos circuitos de comercialización principales: productor–expendedor de carne y productor–intermediario–expendedor de carne. Los precios pagados a los agentes que interactúan en el circuito de la carne de cerdo en el Valle de Aburrá presentan tendencia al alza. El precio pagado por el consumidor final al expendedor de carne crece en mayor proporción que los precios pagados a la inter-mediación y al productor primario

Hooked on a Feeling: Influence of Brief Exposure to Familiar Music on Feelings of Emotion in Individuals with Alzheimer\u27s Disease

Background: Research has indicated that individuals with Alzheimer\u27s-type dementia (AD) can experience prolonged emotions, even when they cannot recall the eliciting event. Less is known about whether music can modify the emotional state of individuals with AD and whether emotions evoked by music linger in the absence of a declarative memory for the eliciting event. Objective: We examined the effects of participant-selected recorded music on self-reported feelings of emotion in individuals with AD, and whether these feelings persisted irrespective of declarative memory for the emotion-inducing stimuli. Methods: Twenty participants with AD and 19 healthy comparisons (HCs) listened to two 4.5-minute blocks of self-selected music that aimed to induce either sadness or happiness. Participants reported their feelings at baseline and three times post-induction and completed recall and recognition tests for the music selections after each induction. Results: Participants with AD had impaired memory for music selections compared to HCs. Both groups reported elevated sadness and negative affect after listening to sad music and increased happiness and positive affect after listening to happy music, relative to baseline. Sad/negative and happy/positive emotions endured up to 20 minutes post-induction. Conclusion: Brief exposure to music can induce strong and lingering emotions in individuals with AD. These findings extend the intriguing phenomenon whereby lasting emotions can be prompted by stimuli that are not remembered declaratively. Our results underscore the utility of familiar music for inducing emotions in individuals with AD and may ultimately inform strategies for using music listening as a therapeutic tool with this population