1,555 research outputs found
Nearby Clumpy, Gas Rich, Star Forming Galaxies: Local Analogs of High Redshift Clumpy Galaxies
Luminous compact blue galaxies (LCBGs) have enhanced star formation rates and
compact morphologies. We combine Sloan Digital Sky Survey data with HI data of
29 LCBGs at redshift z~0 to understand their nature. We find that local LCBGs
have high atomic gas fractions (~50%) and star formation rates per stellar mass
consistent with some high redshift star forming galaxies. Many local LCBGs also
have clumpy morphologies, with clumps distributed across their disks. Although
rare, these galaxies appear to be similar to the clumpy star forming galaxies
commonly observed at z~1-3. Local LCBGs separate into three groups: 1.
Interacting galaxies (~20%); 2. Clumpy spirals (~40%); 3. Non-clumpy,
non-spirals with regular shapes and smaller effective radii and stellar masses
(~40%). It seems that the method of building up a high gas fraction, which then
triggers star formation, is not the same for all local LCBGs. This may lead to
a dichotomy in galaxy characteristics. We consider possible gas delivery
scenarios and suggest that clumpy spirals, preferentially located in clusters
and with companions, are smoothly accreting gas from tidally disrupted
companions and/or intracluster gas enriched by stripped satellites. Conversely,
as non-clumpy galaxies are preferentially located in the field and tend to be
isolated, we suggest clumpy, cold streams, which destroy galaxy disks and
prevent clump formation, as a likely gas delivery mechanism for these systems.
Other possibilities include smooth cold streams, a series of minor mergers, or
major interactions.Comment: 22 pages, 5 figure
Shape coexistence in Lead isotopes in the interacting boson model with Gogny energy density functional
We investigate the emergence and evolution of shape coexistence in the
neutron-deficient Lead isotopes within the interacting boson model (IBM) plus
configuration mixing with microscopic input based on the Gogny energy density
functional (EDF). The microscopic potential energy surface obtained from the
constrained self-consistent Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov method employing the
Gogny-D1M EDF is mapped onto the coherent-state expectation value of the
configuration-mixing IBM Hamiltonian. In this way, the parameters of the IBM
Hamiltonian are fixed for each of the three relevant configurations (spherical,
prolate and oblate) associated to the mean field minima. Subsequent
diagonalization of the Hamiltonian provides the excitation energy of the
low-lying states and transition strengths among them. The model predictions for
the level energies and evolving shape coexistence in the considered
Lead chain are consistent both with experiment and with the indications of the
Gogny-EDF energy surfaces.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, 1 tabl
Uso de un material volcánico como filler en la producción de hormigones autocompactantes de baja resistencia
This study evaluates the use of large amounts of fine powders (fillers) derived from a Colombian volcanic material into the production of self-compacting concrete (SCC) for lower strength applications. The effects on SCC properties were studied with the incorporation of up to 50% of volcanic material of Tolima (MVT) as a partial substitute of the total weight of Portland cement. The workability was determined through slump flow, V-funnel, and L-box test. The compressive strength results were analyzed statistically by MINITAB. These demonstrated that 30% (by total weight of cementitious material) was the maximum allowable percentage of MVT to be used in the production of SCCs. Based on this, mechanical and permeability properties of SCC MVT 30% were evaluated at 28, 90 y 360 curing days. SCC MVT 30% exhibited compressive strength of 21 and 27 MPa after 28 and 360 days of curing, respectively.Este trabajo presenta los resultados de utilización de cantidades elevadas de material volcánico colombiano como filler en la producción de hormigón autocompactante (CAC) de baja resistencia. Se estudió el efecto sobre las propiedades de los CACs de la incorporación del material volcánico del Tolima (MVT) hasta en 50% como remplazo parcial del peso total del cementante. La trabajabilidad fue determinada por medio del flujo de asentamiento, embudo V y Caja L. El análisis de resistencia a la compresión por medio de MINITAB demostró que el máximo porcentaje de incorporación de MVT en los CACs es del 30% respecto al peso total de cementante. Con base en esta optimización se evaluaron sus propiedades mecánicas y de permeabilidad a 28, 90 y 360 días de curado. Los resultados demostraron que este CAC MVT 30% presentó resistencias a compresión de 21 y 27 MPa después de 28 y 360 días de curado, respectivamente
The end-to-end testbed of the Optical Metrology System on-board LISA Pathfinder
LISA Pathfinder is a technology demonstration mission for the Laser
Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). The main experiment on-board LISA
Pathfinder is the so-called LISA Technology Package (LTP) which has the aim to
measure the differential acceleration between two free-falling test masses with
an accuracy of 3x10^(-14) ms^(-2)/sqrt[Hz] between 1 mHz and 30 mHz. This
measurement is performed interferometrically by the Optical Metrology System
(OMS) on-board LISA Pathfinder. In this paper we present the development of an
experimental end-to-end testbed of the entire OMS. It includes the
interferometer and its sub-units, the interferometer back-end which is a
phasemeter and the processing of the phasemeter output data. Furthermore,
3-axes piezo actuated mirrors are used instead of the free-falling test masses
for the characterisation of the dynamic behaviour of the system and some parts
of the Drag-free and Attitude Control System (DFACS) which controls the test
masses and the satellite. The end-to-end testbed includes all parts of the LTP
that can reasonably be tested on earth without free-falling test masses. At its
present status it consists mainly of breadboard components. Some of those have
already been replaced by Engineering Models of the LTP experiment. In the next
steps, further Engineering Models and Flight Models will also be inserted in
this testbed and tested against well characterised breadboard components. The
presented testbed is an important reference for the unit tests and can also be
used for validation of the on-board experiment during the mission
Atomic collision dynamics in optical lattices
We simulate collisions between two atoms, which move in an optical lattice
under the dipole-dipole interaction. The model describes simultaneously the two
basic dynamical processes, namely the Sisyphus cooling of single atoms, and the
light-induced inelastic collisions between them. We consider the J=1/2 -> J=3/2
laser cooling transition for Cs, Rb and Na. We find that the hotter atoms in a
thermal sample are selectively lost or heated by the collisions, which modifies
the steady state distribution of atomic velocities, reminiscent of the
evaporative cooling process.Comment: 17 pages, 15 figure
Spherical Scalar Field Halo in Galaxies
We study a spherically symmetric fluctuation of scalar dark matter in the
cosmos and show that it could be the dark matter in galaxies, provided that the
scalar field has an exponential potential whose overall sign is negative and
whose exponent is constrained observationally by the rotation velocities of
galaxies. The local space-time of the fluctuation contains a three dimensional
space-like hypersurface with surplus of angle.Comment: 5 REVTeX pages, no figures. Contains important suggestions provided
by the referee. Final version, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Axiomatic geometric formulation of electromagnetism with only one axiom: the field equation for the bivector field F with an explanation of the Trouton-Noble experiment
In this paper we present an axiomatic, geometric, formulation of
electromagnetism with only one axiom: the field equation for the Faraday
bivector field F. This formulation with F field is a self-contained, complete
and consistent formulation that dispenses with either electric and magnetic
fields or the electromagnetic potentials. All physical quantities are defined
without reference frames, the absolute quantities, i.e., they are geometric
four dimensional (4D) quantities or, when some basis is introduced, every
quantity is represented as a 4D coordinate-based geometric quantity comprising
both components and a basis. The new observer independent expressions for the
stress-energy vector T(n)(1-vector), the energy density U (scalar), the
Poynting vector S and the momentum density g (1-vectors), the angular momentum
density M (bivector) and the Lorentz force K (1-vector) are directly derived
from the field equation for F. The local conservation laws are also directly
derived from that field equation. The 1-vector Lagrangian with the F field as a
4D absolute quantity is presented; the interaction term is written in terms of
F and not, as usual, in terms of A. It is shown that this geometric formulation
is in a full agreement with the Trouton-Noble experiment.Comment: 32 pages, LaTex, this changed version will be published in Found.
Phys. Let
The Minimum-Uncertainty Squeezed States for for Atoms and Photons in a Cavity
We describe a six-parameter family of the minimum-uncertainty squeezed states
for the harmonic oscillator in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics. They are
derived by the action of corresponding maximal kinematical invariance group on
the standard ground state solution. We show that the product of the variances
attains the required minimum value 1/4 only at the instances that one variance
is a minimum and the other is a maximum, when the squeezing of one of the
variances occurs. The generalized coherent states are explicitly constructed
and their Wigner function is studied. The overlap coefficients between the
squeezed, or generalized harmonic, and the Fock states are explicitly evaluated
in terms of hypergeometric functions. The corresponding photons statistics are
discussed and some applications to quantum optics, cavity quantum
electrodynamics, and superfocusing in channeling scattering are mentioned.
Explicit solutions of the Heisenberg equations for radiation field operators
with squeezing are found.Comment: 27 pages, no figures, 174 references J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.,
Special Issue celebrating the 20th anniversary of quantum state engineering
(R. Blatt, A. Lvovsky, and G. Milburn, Guest Editors), May 201
Precise nondivergent analytic formulas for the radiative corrections to the beta energy spectrum in hyperon semileptonic decays over the entire Dalitz plot
Very accurate analytical expressions for the radiative corrections of
unpolarized hyperons semileptonic decays of charged and neutral baryons have
been obtained in the recent past. Some of these formulas contain logarithmic
singularities at the edges of the Dalitz plot for the three- and four-body
decays. These singularities are analyzed and integrated analytically to obtain
new divergentless formulas for the energy spectrum of the produced beta
particle. The new equations contain terms of the order alpha times the momentum
transfer, are applicable to any beta decay process and are suitable for a
model-independent experimental analysis.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figure
The Escherichia coli transcriptome mostly consists of independently regulated modules
Underlying cellular responses is a transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) that modulates gene expression. A useful description of the TRN would decompose the transcriptome into targeted effects of individual transcriptional regulators. Here, we apply unsupervised machine learning to a diverse compendium of over 250 high-quality Escherichia coli RNA-seq datasets to identify 92 statistically independent signals that modulate the expression of specific gene sets. We show that 61 of these transcriptomic signals represent the effects of currently characterized transcriptional regulators. Condition-specific activation of signals is validated by exposure of E. coli to new environmental conditions. The resulting decomposition of the transcriptome provides: a mechanistic, systems-level, network-based explanation of responses to environmental and genetic perturbations; a guide to gene and regulator function discovery; and a basis for characterizing transcriptomic differences in multiple strains. Taken together, our results show that signal summation describes the composition of a model prokaryotic transcriptome
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