Model-Checking Process Equivalences

Process equivalences are formal methods that relate programs and system which, informally, behave in the same way. Since there is no unique notion of what it means for two dynamic systems to display the same behaviour there are a multitude of formal process equivalences, ranging from bisimulation to trace equivalence, categorised in the linear-time branching-time spectrum. We present a logical framework based on an expressive modal fixpoint logic which is capable of defining many process equivalence relations: for each such equivalence there is a fixed formula which is satisfied by a pair of processes if and only if they are equivalent with respect to this relation. We explain how to do model checking, even symbolically, for a significant fragment of this logic that captures many process equivalences. This allows model checking technology to be used for process equivalence checking. We show how partial evaluation can be used to obtain decision procedures for process equivalences from the generic model checking scheme.Comment: In Proceedings GandALF 2012, arXiv:1210.202

Análisis de la implementación de la regla fiscal en Colombia: aspectos relevantes y dificultades

El presente ensayo constituye una serie de conceptos que permiten obtener un mayor entendimiento de los que se pretende lograr con esta norma. Por otra parte se busca evidenciar las posibles dificultades que tendría esta norma para su correcta operatividad, generando así un amplio análisis de las características de este mecanismo y de igual forma permitiendo identificar las posibles dificultades que presentaría esta regla en Colombia. La estructura del desarrollo temático se establece en tres capítulos iniciando por la conceptualización de la regla fiscal, proseguida de la evidencia empírica que ha tenido esta regla en otros países resaltando el caso de Chile, por último se evidencian las posibles dificultades que tendría la regla fiscal en Colombi

The 2030 Agenda in local entities: Does gender matter in reporting on the Sustainable Development Goals?

This study analyses the influence of the gender of elected officials on the level of disclosure of information about the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by Spanish local governments, using a binary gender classification (man/woman). The results obtained from the websites of 102 municipalities from 2016 to 2021 reveal that the fact that the mayor is a woman has a positive and significant effect on the disclosure of SDG information, while the effect of the gender diversity of the councillors is positive, but not significant. Furthermore, the tendency to disclose SDG information is higher in those municipalities led by a woman with a higher percentage of women councillorsXunta de Galicia [Grant/Award Number: 2020 GPC GI-2016]S

A crowdsourcing database for the copy‑number variation of the Spanish population

The online version contains supplementary material available at https:// doi. org/ 10. 1186/ s40246‑ 023‑ 00466‑8. Additional file 1: Table S1. List and annotation of protein coding genes affected by at least one CNV in SPACNACS samples processed with Gridss pipeline. Additional file 2: Table S2. List of genes involved in drug pharmacokinet‑ ics and/or drug responseBackground Despite being a very common type of genetic variation, the distribution of copy-number variations (CNVs) in the population is still poorly understood. The knowledge of the genetic variability, especially at the level of the local population, is a critical factor for distinguishing pathogenic from non-pathogenic variation in the discovery of new disease variants.Results Here, we present the SPAnish Copy Number Alterations Collaborative Server (SPACNACS), which currently contains copy number variation profiles obtained from more than 400 genomes and exomes of unrelated Spanish individuals. By means of a collaborative crowdsourcing effort whole genome and whole exome sequencing data, produced by local genomic projects and for other purposes, is continuously collected. Once checked both, the Spanish ancestry and the lack of kinship with other individuals in the SPACNACS, the CNVs are inferred for these sequences and they are used to populate the database. A web interface allows querying the database with different filters that include ICD10 upper categories. This allows discarding samples from the disease under study and obtaining pseudo-control CNV profiles from the local population. We also show here additional studies on the local impact of CNVs in some phenotypes and on pharmacogenomic variants. SPACNACS can be accessed at: .Conclusion SPACNACS facilitates disease gene discovery by providing detailed information of the local variability of the population and exemplifies how to reuse genomic data produced for other purposes to build a local reference database.Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain (MICINN) Spanish GovernmentInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIEuropean CommissionEuropean Regional Development Fund (ERDF, "A way to make Europe")PID2020-117979RB-I00 IMP/00019 IMP/00009 PI20/0130

La dimensión política en la reforma agraria : reflexiones en torno al caso andaluz

Este trabajo responde a nuestra preocupación por el tema de la reforma agraria, que en la actualidad vuelve a ser relevante en el contexto de los problemas económicos, sociales y políticos de nuestro país y en especial de Andalucía. No pretendemos aquí hacer un análisis exhaustivo del tema, sino centrarnos en algunos aspectos concretos del mismo que a nuestro juicio merecen una atención especial y que con frecuencia, ahora, tienden a ser relegados. Nos referimos a las dimensiones sociológicas y políticas de la reforma agraria que, como decimos, a veces se ven oscurecidas por el tratamiento exclusivamente económico y técnico de esta cuestión. En absoluto negamos la importancia de estos dos aspectos, pero creemos que siempre deben considerarse en conexión con los que nosotros vamos a tratar en este trabajo. En definitiva, lo que se pretende aquí es recuperar en cierta medida el tratamiento político del tema, no sólo por las razones anteriores, sino también porque pensamos que esto es especialmente útil en el caso de Andalucía

Errores en la visualización de figuras en el área de la geometría plana. Estudio de caso

La siguiente investigación (cualitativa), presenta un estudio de caso cuyo objetivo es identificar los errores que presenta un estudiante al visualizar una figura plana contrastada con una transformación (posición); para ello, fue necesario tener en cuenta los niveles de desarrollo del pensamiento geométrico que plantea Van Hiele para ubicar el nivel en el cual se iba a trabajar con dicho estudiante y su respectivo nivel de dificultad (prueba). Por otro lado, para tipificar los errores se muestra una clasificación dada por Radatz los cuales permiten una amplia concepción de lo que podría resultar del estudio; sin embargo, luego de aplicar una prueba sistematizada, se vio la necesidad de crear unas categorías emergentes que permitieron complementar la investigación

Transición socio-ecológica y su reflejo en un agroecosistema del sureste español (1752-1997)

Este artículo parte del supuesto de que el metabolismo social configura de una manera concreta a los agroecosistemas. En términos territoriales, el metabolismo social imprime una particular huella sobre el territorio, configurando paisajes específicos. Por ello, es conveniente distinguir entre la huella visible que todo metabolismo agrario tiene sobre el agroecosistema y la huella oculta, que es aquella parte del territorio, a veces muy distante, del que provienen recursos naturales o funciones ambientales que resultan imprescindibles para el funcionamiento del metabolismo estudiado. A partir de información etno-histórica, el presente artículo analiza la transición socio-ecológica de un agroecosistema en el sureste de España, el municipio de Santa Fe, considerando los cambios operados en el metabolismo agrario a lo largo de doscientos cincuenta años (1752-1997). El artículo muestra los distintos arreglos territoriales de las dos grandes formas de organización del metabolismo social que han existido desde mediados del siglo XVIII, dependientes del suelo o del subsuelo, según hayan tenido en la energía solar o en los combustibles fósiles su fuente de aprovisionamiento. Se concluye que el crecimiento agrario, esto es el aumento sostenido de la productividad de la tierra y del trabajo, sólo es posible mediante el aumento correlativo de la huella oculta, es decir mediante la importación de energía y materiales.This article is based on the premise that social metabolism shapes agro-ecosystems in a particular way. In territorial terms, the social metabolism leaves its own distinctive footprint on the territory, thus shaping specific types of landscape. It is therefore important to distinguish between the visible footprint, which all forms of agricultural metabolism make within the agro-ecosystem and the hidden footprint, which refers to that (often very distant) part of the territory from which the natural resources or environmental functions essential to the functioning of the metabolism under study originate. This article analyzes the socio-ecological transition of an agro-ecosystem in the south-east of Spain, the municipality of Santa Fe, and studies the changes undergone in the agricultural metabolism over a period of two hundred and fifty years (1752-1997). The study shows the different territorial arrangements of the two main forms of organization of the social metabolism which have existed since the mid-eighteenth century, dependent either on the soil or subsoil, according to whether their main source of energy is solar or from fossil fuels. It concludes that agricultural growth (i.e. a sustained increase in land productivity and work) is only possible through a correlative increase of the hidden footprint; that is to say, through the importation of energy and materials

Simplified Hand Configuration for Object Manipulation

This work is focused on obtaining realistic human hand models that are suitable for manipulation tasks. Firstly, a 24 DOF kinematic model of the human hand is defined. This model is based on the human skeleton. Intra-finger and inter-finger constraints have been included in order to improve the movement realism. Secondly, two simplified hand descriptions (9 and 6 DOF) have been developed according to the constraints predefined. These simplified models involve some errors in reconstructing the hand posture. These errors are calculated with respect to the 24 DOF model and evaluated according to the hand gestures. Finally, some criteria are defined by which to select the hand description best suited to the features of the manipulation task

Towards a Complete Scheme for Tabled Execution Based on Program Transformation

The advantages of tabled evaluation regarding program termination and reduction of complexity are well known —as are the significant implementation, portability, and maintenance efforts that some proposals (especially those based on suspension) require. This implementation effort is reduced by program transformation-based continuation call techniques, at some efficiency cost. However, the traditional formulation of this proposal [1] limits the interleaving of tabled and non-tabled predicates and thus cannot be used as-is for arbitrary programs. In this paper we present a complete translation for the continuation call technique which, while requiring the same runtime support as the traditional approach, solves these problems and makes it possible to execute arbitrary tabled programs. We also present performance results which show that the resulting CCall approach offers a useful tradeoff that can be competitive with other state-of-the-art implementation