Intervención Logopédica en un caso de Disfagia Neurógena Severa producida por un Traumatismo Craneoencefálico Severo

La disfagia neurógena es un síntoma muy común en aquellas personas afectadas por lesiones neurológicas. Entre sus causas más frecuentes, se encuentran las personas afectadas por traumatismos craneoencefálicos (TCE), como es el caso que nos ocupa. Si esta disfagia no es tratada correctamente desde el momento de su aparición, ya sea en el centro sanitario o en un centro específico para su tratamiento, se pueden producir graves complicaciones difíciles de vencer en el futuro, viéndose obligados a alimentarse por vías alternativas a la vía oral durante años, lo que va a influir de manera negativa en la calidad de vida y relación del sujeto. El presente trabajo se centra en el tratamiento de una disfagia de grado severo en un varón de cuarenta y un años con daño cerebral adquirido por un TCE severo producido hace diez años. Le realizaron una Traqueotomía por dificultades respiratorias posteriores al accidente, y en un primer momento se alimentaba por sonda nasogástrica combinando con pequeñas dosis a nivel oral para valorar su respuesta. Posteriormente se le cambió la sonda nasogástrica por una sonda tipo PEG (Gastronomía Endoscópica Percutánea), la cual mantiene hasta el momento.Grado en Logopedi

Los hispanos pretorianos en legiones y cohortes imperiales. Armamento, indumentaria y equipamiento

En este trabajo se aborda el tema de los pretorianos en diversas formaciones militares romanas siendo su origen hispánico. Se tratan aspectos muy variados pero relacionados al tema que nos permiten obtener una mayor información para entender más sobre el tema. También se habla sobre la indumentaria, armamento y equipamiento de estos, pues es otra característica distinguida con el resto de romanos. Todo ello acompañado de algunas fotos que enriquecen el texto y la información que se aporta.In this work I speak about praetorians in multiply roman military formations with and Hispanic origin. I speak about many different aspects but with a relationship with the theme that allow us to obtain more information to learn more about the theme. Also I speak about the dress, weapons and equipment of they, well is another different characteristic about the rest of the romans. All of it, accompanied with some photos that enrich the text and the information that brings in.Departamento de Historia Antigua y MedievalGrado en Histori

Amperometric detection of triclosan with screen-printed carbon nanotube electrodes modified with Guinea Grass (Panicum maximum) peroxidase

Triclosan is a compound with antimicrobial activity broadly used in consumer products. Because of its well documented toxicity, the amount of triclosan present in different products needs to be tightly controlled. This paper outlines a new amperometric sensor for triclosan detection consisting of a screen-printed carbon nanotube electrode (SPCNE) modified w ith Guinea grass peroxidase (GGP). The GGP-modified S PCNE was a ble t o d etect an enhanced electrochemical response of triclosan, unlike the bare SPCNE. The cyclic voltammograms of the GGP-modified SPCNE in a solution of potassium ferrocyanide showed an increase in the current values and linearity between scan rates and oxidation peak currents, suggesting a surface controlled process. The GGP-modified SPCNEs howed an excellent electrocatalytic activity to triclosan oxidation, at a redox potential of 370 mV, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, exhibiting a linear response between 20 mM to 80 mM and a detection limit of 3 µM. This new amperometry system, based on carbon nanotubes integrated with GGP, becomes a potential tool for environmental analysis and food quality control.Fil: Orduz Navas, Angie Estefany. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; Argentina. Universidad Industrial Santander; ColombiaFil: Gutiérrez, Jorge Andres. Universidad Industrial Santander; ColombiaFil: Blanco, Sergio Ismael. Universidad Industrial Santander; ColombiaFil: Castillo, John. Universidad Industrial Santander; Colombi

Ciudad de Buenos Aires: elementos para una política de transporte

Existe un amplio consenso sobre la importancia de los problemas de transporte que afectan a la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires y a la ciudad de Buenos Aires, en particular. La concesión de los servicios de subterráneos y ferrocarriles urbanos, la puesta en marcha de planes de inversión en materia vial (como la Red de Accesos a la Ciudad de Buenos Aires), la aparición de proyectos de transporte generados desde distintos organismos oficiales y de propuestas provenientes de ámbitos privados son, entre otros, algunos elementos que dan cuenta de la vigencia que tienen los problemas de transporte dentro de la agenda pública de temas a discutir. Parece apropiado, entonces, reflexionar acerca de ciertos principios generales que puedan actuar como marco para la formulación de una política de transporte para la ciudad. Este trabajo procura aportar algunos criterios y definir prioridades que sirvan como fundamento para la elaboración de políticas concretas. En la sección final, y a modo de ejemplo de la articulación entre estos dos niveles, se sugieren líneas de acción más específicas para dos componentes del sistema de transporte: los subterráneos y la vialidad urbana.

Analysis of an attached sunspace with a thermal inertia floor

An attached sunspace is a partially or fully glazed enclosure, usually located on the first floor, facing south (in the Northern Hemisphere) and adjacent to a conditioned room. Because of the length and orientation of the glazed area, the temperature in the sunspace is usually higher than outside the building. As a Trombe–Mitchel wall, the sunspace has a considerable mass that accumulates thermal energy, but in this case the thermal mass is located in the floor. This capacity to accumulate thermal energy confers the attached sunspace features beyond passive insulation. The sunspace studied in this paper is part of an experimental building located in the North of Spain that was built in the frame of the so-called ARFRISOL project. It consists of a south-facing glazed exterior wall with both clear glass and semi-transparent photovoltaic panels, an intermediate space with a thick layer of sand over a concrete floor, and a partially glazed interior wall. In this paper, a three-dimensional computational model has been implemented to analyse the thermal behaviour inside the sunspace. This analysis takes into account, among other factors, the effects of sun position, incident solar irradiation and temperature both inside and outside

Swine enteric colibacillosis in Spain: pathogenic potential of mcr-1 ST10 and ST131 E. coli Isolates

This is a wide epidemiological study of 499 E. coli isolates recovered from 179 outbreaks of enteric colibacillosis from pig production farms in Spain during a period of 10 years. Most samples were of diarrheagenic cases occurred during the post-wean period (PWD) which showed to be significantly associated with ETEC (67%) followed by aEPEC (21.7%). On the contrary, aEPEC was more prevalent (60.3%) among diarrheas of suckling piglets, followed by ETEC (38.8%). STEC/ETEC or STEC were recovered in 11.3 and 0.9% of PWD and neonatal diarrhea, respectively. Detection of the F4 colonization factor was not significantly different between isolates recovered from neonatal pigs and those recovered post wean (40.5 versus 27.7%) while F18 was only present among PWD isolates (51.5% of ETEC, STEC, and STEC/ETEC isolates). We also found a high prevalence of resistance to colistin related to the presence of the mcr-1 gene (25.6% of the diarreagenic isolates). The characterization of 65 representative mcr-1 isolates showed that all were phenotypically resistant to colistin (>2 μg/ml), and most (61 of 65) multidrug-resistant (MDR). Six ETEC and one STEC mcr-1 isolates were also carriers of ESBL genes. In addition, other seven mcr-1 isolates harbored mcr-4 (three ETEC) and mcr-5 (two ETEC and two aEPEC) genes. In the phylogenetic analysis of the 65 mcr-1 diarrheagenic isolates we found that more than 50% (38 out of 65) belonged to A-ST10 Cplx and from those, 29 isolates showed the clonotype CH11-24. In this study, we also recovered 18 ST131 isolates including seven mcr-1 carriers. To the best of our knowledge, this would be the first report of ST131 mcr-1 isolation in pigs. Worryingly, the swine mcr-1 ST131 carriers also showed MDR, including to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tobramycin, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. In the PFGE-macrorestriction comparison of clinical swine and human ST131, we found high similarities (≥85%) between two pig and two human ST131 isolates of virotype D5. Acquisition of mcr-1 by this specific clone means an increased risk due to its special feature of congregating virulence and resistance traits, together with its spread capability. Here we show a potential zoonotic swine source of ST131This study was supported by projects AGL2016-79343-R from the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI, Spain) and FEDER; PI16/01477 from Plan Estatal de I C D C I 2013–2016, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Subdirección General de Evaluación y Fomento de la Investigación, and FEDER; CN2012/303 andED431C 2017/57 from the Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria (Xunta de Galicia), and FEDER IG-M acknowledges the Conselleria de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria, Xunta de Galicia for his grant (Ref. ED481A-2015/149) “Axudas de apoio á etapa predoutoral do Plan galego de investigación, innovación e crecemento 2011-2015S

Restos humanos, contextos funerarios y diversidad formal: los yacimientos calcolíticos de El Hornazo y El Túmulo IL.C1 de Cótar (Burgos)

El trabajo centra su atención en los restos humanos documentados en los yacimientos calcolíticos de El Hornazo y Túmulo IL.C1 de Cótar (Burgos). Estas evidencias no son muy habituales en el registro arqueológico de la zona oriental de la Meseta Norte, por lo que se ha realizado un estudio antropológico con el fin de obtener la mayor información posible de los mismos. No obstante, los datos obtenidos no se pueden desligar de su contexto por lo que también se presenta la información arqueológica relacionada con ellos. Los casos de estudio difieren en cuanto a patrones funerarios y cronología. Esta discrepancia necesita ser explicada. El estudio pretende no sólo presentar y discutir los aspectos formales desde un punto de vista antropológico sino plantear inferencias e hipótesis en relación al marco social donde se generaran las evidencias arqueológicas. En este sentido, se propone como hipótesis que debieron ser generadas por comunidades cuya organización se llevase a cabo bajo esquemas sociales segmentarios.

Human remains, funerary contexts and formal diversity: the chalcolithic sites of El Hornazo and The Burial Mound il.c1 from Cótar (Burgos)

El trabajo centra su atención en los restos humanos documentados en los yacimientos calcolíticos de El Hornazo y Túmulo IL.C1 de Cótar (Burgos). Estas evidencias no son muy habituales en el registro arqueológico de la zona oriental de la Meseta Norte, por lo que se ha realizado un estudio antropológico con el fin de obtener la mayor información posible de los mismos. No obstante, los datos obtenidos no se pueden desligar de su contexto por lo que también se presenta la información arqueológica relacionada con ellos. Los casos de estudio difieren en cuanto a patrones funerarios y cronología. Esta discrepancia necesita ser explicada. El estudio pretende no sólo presentar y discutir los aspectos formales desde un punto de vista antropológico sino plantear inferencias e hipótesis en relación al marco social donde se generaran las evidencias arqueológicas. En este sentido, se propone como hipótesis que debieron ser generadas por comunidades cuya organización se llevase a cabo bajo esquemas sociales segmentarios.The work focuses on human remains documented in the Chalcolithic sites of El Hornazo and Túmulo IL.C1 from Cótar. These remains are not very common in the archaeological record from eastern of North Plateau. So it has made an anthropological study in order to get as much information as possible from them. However, the data obtained cannot be separated from its context so that also presents archaeological information related with them. The cases of study differ as to the funerary patterns and chronology. This discrepancy needs to be explained. Therefore, the study aims not only to present and discuss the formal aspects from an anthropological point of view but to raise inferences and hypotheses regarding the social context where the archaeological evidence was generated. In this regard, it is proposed as a hypothesis that they should be created by communities who were organized under segmentary social schemes

Genomic characterization of prevalent mcr-1, mcr-4, and mcr-5 Escherichia coli within swine enteric colibacillosis in Spain

Antimicrobial agents are crucial for the treatment of many bacterial diseases in pigs, however, the massive use of critically important antibiotics such as colistin, fluoroquinolones and 3rd–4th-generation cephalosporins often selects for co-resistance. Based on a comprehensive characterization of 35 colistin-resistant Escherichia coli from swine enteric colibacillosis, belonging to prevalent Spanish lineages, the aims of the present study were to investigate the characteristics of E. coli clones successfully spread in swine and to assess the correlation of the in vitro results with in silico predictions from WGS data. The resistome analysis showed six different mcr variants: mcr-1.1; mcr-1.10; mcr-4.1; mcr-4.2; mcr-4.5; and mcr-5.1. Additionally, blaCTX–M–14, blaCTX–M–32 and blaSHV–12 genes were present in seven genomes. PlasmidFinder revealed that mcr-1.1 genes located mainly on IncHI2 and IncX4 types, and mcr-4 on ColE10-like plasmids. Twenty-eight genomes showed a gyrA S83L substitution, and 12 of those 28 harbored double-serine mutations gyrA S83L and parC S80I, correlating with in vitro quinolone-resistances. Notably, 16 of the 35 mcr-bearing genomes showed mutations in the PmrA (S39I) and PmrB (V161G) proteins. The summative presence of mechanisms, associated with high-level of resistance to quinolones/fluoroquinolones and colistin, could be conferring adaptive advantages to prevalent pig E. coli lineages, such as the ST10-A (CH11-24), as presumed for ST131. SerotypeFinder allowed the H-antigen identification of in vitro non-mobile (HNM) isolates, revealing that 15 of the 21 HNM E. coli analyzed were H39. Since the H39 is associated with the most prevalent O antigens worldwide within swine colibacillosis, such as O108 and O157, it would be probably playing a role in porcine colibacillosis to be considered as a valuable subunit antigen in the formulation of a broadly protective Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) vaccine. Our data show common features with other European countries in relation to a prevalent clonal group (CC10), serotypes (O108:H39, O138:H10, O139:H1, O141:H4), high plasmid content within the isolates and mcr location, which would support global alternatives to the use of antibiotics in pigs. Here, we report for first time a rare finding so far, which is the co-occurrence of double colistin-resistance mechanisms in a significant number of E. coli isolatesThis study was supported by projects PI16/01477 from Plan Estatal de I+D+I 2013–2016, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Subdirección General de Evaluación y Fomento de la Investigación, and FEDER; AGL2016-79343-R from the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI, Spain) and FEDER; ED431C 2017/57 from the Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria (Xunta de Galicia) and FEDER. IG-M and VG acknowledge the Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria, Xunta de Galicia for their pre-doctoral and post-doctoral grants (Grant Numbers ED481A-2015/149 and ED481B-2018/018, respectively). SF-S acknowledges the FPU programme from the Secretaría General de Universidades, Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, Gobierno de España (Grant Number FPU15/02644)S

Sequence types, clonotypes, serotypes, and virotypes of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli causing bacteraemia in a Spanish hospital over a 12-year period (2000 to 2011)

The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence and determine the molecular characteristics of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) causing bacteraemia in a Spanish Hospital over a 12-year period (2000 to 2011). As far as we know, this is the first study which has investigated and compared the serotypes, phylogroups, clonotypes, virotypes, and PFGE profiles of ST131 and non-ST131 clones of bacteraemia ESBL-EC isolates. Of the 2,427 E. coli bloodstream isolates, 96 (4.0%) were positive for ESBL production: 40 for CTX-M-15, 36 for CTX-M-14, eight for CTX-M-1, four for CTX-M-9, CTX-M-32, and SHV-12. The number of ESBL-EC increased from 1.0% during 2000 to 2005 to 5.5% during 2006–2011 (P < 0.001). The 96 ESBL-EC isolates belonged to 36 different STs. The commonest was ST131 (41 isolates), followed by ST58, ST354, ST393 and ST405 (four isolates each). Most CTX-M-15 isolates (87.5%, 35/40) were ST131, whereas the 36 CTX-M-14 isolates belonged to 23 different STs and only 3 (8.3%) of them were ST131. The 35 ST131 CTX-M-15-producing isolates belonged to the H30Rx subclone and 29 of them showed the virotype A. A drastic change in ST131 virotypes happened in 2011 due to the emergence of the virotypes E (sat, papGII, cnf1, hlyA, and kpsMII-K5) and F (sat, papGII, and kpsMII-K5) which displaced virotype A (afa/draBC, afa operon FM955459, sat, and kpsMII-K2). Although the 96 ESBL-EC isolates showed 21 O serogroups and 17 H flagellar antigens, 39 belonged to serotype O25b:H4 (ST131 isolates). The second most prevalent serotype (O15:H1) was found to be associated with another important high-risk clone (ST393). In conclusion, the ST131 was the most frequent sequence type, being the H30Rx subclone responsible for the significant increase of ESBL-EC isolates since 2006. Here, we report two new virotypes (E and F) of the H30Rx subclone emerged in 2011. Future molecular studies are needed to understand the dynamics of expansion of this successful high-risk subclone in order to prevent its spread and establish the importance of the two new virotypesThis study was supported by the following projects: PI16/01477 from the Plan Estatal de I+D+I 2013-2016, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Subdirección General de Evaluación y Fomento de la Investigación, and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); AGL2013-47852-R from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) and FEDER; AGL2016-79343-R from the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and FEDER; and CN2012/303 and ED431C2017/57 from the Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria, (Xunta de Galicia) and FEDERS