A university virtual museum for the recovery of Historical Memory

[EN] The university’s cultural heritage is characterized by its dispersion, variety of typologies, difficulties for its conservation or a shortage of economic resources for his dissemination. The use of new technologies gives an opportunity to make accessible this type of cultural heritage accessible to citizenship. The UC does not have a university museum to preserve, research, and disseminate its heritage, but instead, it does have university museographic collections with different well-organized sections. The print section, with more than three thousand drawings and engravings, cannot be permanently exposed. The new technologies allow to the knowledge of this pieces through the use of virtual exhibitions. Since 2008, the University of Cantabria has developed various projects through the internet, combining research, dissemination and accessibility. Its starting point was the creation of the Virtual Print Cabinet that collected and digitized the entity’s graphic art collection. Already in 2015, after the denomination of Museographic Collection, the web page project "UC University Cultural Heritage" has been developed, where the different types of heritage are collected, as well as 360º virtual tours of some buildings and areas of the campus. Since the beginning of 2020, and accelerated due to the evolution of Covid 19, the Exhibitions Area for the Vice-Chancellor’s Culture of the university has designed a virtual museum of one of the collections of its graphic work section, which otherwise could not be exhibited permanently. This is the Paul Quintanilla Art Legacy, deposited at the UC by the Bruno Alonso Foundation, which includes more than 80 works that the Cantabrian creator Luis Quintanilla Isasi (1893-1978) produced from the 1930s to the middle of the 20th century. His figure as a plastic artist and his political commitment before and after the Spanish civil war are to be recovered in the virtual museum "Luis Quintanilla, Art and Memory". The project combine the new technologies and the rehabilitation of Historical or Democratic Memory through art, combining the interaction of the spectator with a museographic discourse that relates pieces that the artist made from the UC Collection and others conserved in the United States or in the MNCARS.[ES] El patrimonio cultural universitario se caracteriza por su dispersión, variedad tipológica, dificultades de conservación o la falta de recursos económicos para su difusión. Las nuevas tecnologías resultan esenciales para difundir y hacer accesible a todos los públicos este tipo de patrimonio cultural. La UC no dispone de un museo universitario que conserve, investigue y difunda su patrimonio, sino que dispone de colecciones museográficas universitarias con diferentes secciones bien organizadas. La sección de obra gráfica, con más de tres mil grabados y dibujos tiene una complicada conservación y no puede estar permanentemente expuesta. Las nuevas tecnologías permiten conocer estas piezas mediante el uso de visitas o exposiciones virtuales. La Universidad de Cantabria ha desarrollado diversos proyectos de difusión a través de internet desde el 2008, conjugando investigación, difusión y accesibilidad. Su punto de partida fue la creación del Gabinete de Estampas Virtual que recogió y digitalizó el conjunto de arte gráfico de la entidad. Ya en 2015, tras la denominación de Colección Museográfica se ha desarrollado el proyecto de página web “Patrimonio Cultural Universitario UC”, en donde se recogen las distintas tipologías patrimoniales, así como, paseos virtuales 360º por algunos edificios y zonas del campus. Desde principios de 2020 y, acelerado por la evolución de la pandemia COVID 19, el Área de Exposiciones del Vicerrectorado de Cultura y Participación de la institución, ha diseñado un museo virtual de uno de los Fondos de su sección de obra gráfica, que de otra forma no podrían ser expuestos de forma permanente. Se trata del legado Paul Quintanilla, depositado por la Fundación Bruno Alonso y que recoge más de 80 obras que el creador cántabro Luis Quintanilla Isasi (1893-1978) realizó desde los años treinta hasta mediados del siglo XX. Su figura como artista plástico y su compromiso político antes y después de la guerra civil española pretenden ser recuperados en el museo virtual “Luis Quintanilla, Arte y Memoria”. El proyecto conjuga nuevas tecnologías y la rehabilitación de la Memoria Histórica o Democrática a través del arte conjugando la interactuación del espectador con un discurso museográfico que pone en relación piezas que el artista realizó de la Colección UC y otras conservadas en Estados Unidos o en el MNCARS.García Gutiérrez, N.; Ruiz López, O. (2022). Un museo virtual universitario para la recuperación de Memoria Histórica. En CIMED21 - I Congreso internacional de museos y estrategias digitales. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 517-534. https://doi.org/10.4995/CIMED21.2021.12293OCS51753

Low-temperature electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 to liquid fuels: effect of the Cu particle size

A novel gas-phase electrocatalytic system based on a low-temperature proton exchange membrane (Sterion) was developed for the gas-phase electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 to liquid fuels. This system achieved gas-phase electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 at low temperatures (below 90 °C) over a Cu cathode by using water electrolysis-derived protons generated in-situ on an IrO2 anode. Three Cu-based cathodes with varying metal particle sizes were prepared by supporting this metal on an activated carbon at three loadings (50, 20, and 10 wt %; 50% Cu-AC, 20% Cu-AC, and 10% Cu-AC, respectively). The cathodes were characterized by N2 adsorption–desorption, temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and their performance towards the electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 was subsequently studied. The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) containing the cathode with the largest Cu particle size (50% Cu-AC, 40 nm) showed the highest CO2 electrocatalytic activity per mole of Cu, with methyl formate being the main product. This higher electrocatalytic activity was attributed to the lower Cu–CO bonding strength over large Cu particles. Different product distributions were obtained over 20% Cu-AC and 10% Cu-AC, with acetaldehyde and methanol being the main reaction products, respectively. The CO2 consumption rate increased with the applied current and reaction temperature

Electrochemical Activation of Ni Catalysts with Potassium Ionic Conductors for CO2 Hydrogenation

Three different kind of Ni-based catalysts were prepared on a K-β″Al2O3 solid electrolyte by combining the annealing of an organometallic paste and the addition of a catalyst powder. The different catalysts films were tested in the CO2 hydrogenation reaction under electrochemical promotion by K+ ions, and were characterized by XRD and SEM. The catalyst film derived from the addition of an α-Al2O3 powder to the Ni catalyst ink presented the highest catalytic activity as a result of the increase in Ni catalyst film porosity. The influence of the applied potential and other operation variables were evaluated on the Ni catalytic activity and selectivity. Hence, the CO production rate was enhanced either by decreasing the applied potential (with the consequent supply of K+ ions to the catalyst surface) or by increasing the CO2 (electron acceptor) feed concentration. On the other hand, CH4 production rate was favoured at positive potentials (removing K+ from the catalyst surface) or by increasing the H2 (electron donor) feed concentration. The global CO2 consumption rate increased upon negative polarization in all experiments and the electrochemical promotion of catalysis effect showed to be reversible and reproducible. Hence, the electrochemical promotion phenomena demonstrated to be a very useful technique to in situ modify and control the catalytic activity and selectivity of a non-noble metal such as Ni for the production of CH4 or syngas via CO2 valorization.Es la versión preprint del artículo. Se puede consultar la versión final en https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-015-0488-

Direct production of flexible H2/CO synthesis gas in a solid electrolyte membrane reactor

The development of novel configurations for the production of synthesis gas (syn-gas) of flexible H2/CO ratio is of great importance to reduce the cost for the synthesis of synfuels and high-value chemicals. In this work, we propose a radically novel approach to the direct production of syn-gas with flexible H2/CO ratio based on the solid electrolyte membrane reactor (SEMR). For that purpose, a single-chamber solid electrolyte membrane reactor based on yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) has been developed (Pt/YSZ/Pt), where both active Pt catalysts–electrodes were exposed to the same reaction atmosphere (C2H5OH/H2O = 0.7 %/2 %). The application of different polarizations at temperature range (600–700 °C) allows to control the H2/CO ratio of the obtained syn-gas, i.e., the ratio was varied between 1.5 and 12 under polarization conditions. Unlike conventional catalytic partial oxidation processes, the H2/CO adjustment was managed without the requirement of external O2 feeding to the reactor. An increase in the applied current or potential caused the H2/CO ratio to increase vs. the open-circuit conditions where ethanol reforming occurred on the Pt catalyst–electrodes which is due to an increase in the rate of the electro-catalytic processes. On the other hand, a decrease in the H2/CO ratio at a fixed potential was achieved at higher temperatures due to the further reaction of the produced H2 with the rest of the species present in the gas phase, leading to a decrease in the faradaic efficiency. The proposed configuration may be of great interest especially for biorefinery applications where H2, syn-gas and electricity may be produced from bioethanol.Es la versión preprint del artículo. Se puede consultar la versión final en https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-015-2922-

Electrochemical reforming vs. Catalytic reforming of ethanol: A process energy analysis for hydrogen production

This work reports an energetic analysis for hydrogen production via catalytic steam and electrochemical ethanol reforming processes. For both systems, a complete flow diagram process was proposed and simulated by Aspen HYSYS according to literature data. Besides hydrogen, other byproducts such as acetaldehyde (electrochemical reforming) and ethylene and methane (catalytic reforming) were also considered. The energy requirement of the different process units was calculated according to the operating parameters. Just process energy (thermal energy and electrical energy) consumption was considered in the study of the steam reforming whereas both energy process and electrical energy consumption were considered in the study of the electrochemical reforming. Material balances revealed electrochemical reforming to present higher hydrogen yields. (0.0436 vs. 0.0304 kg H2/kg C2H5OH of the classical catalytic reforming). In addition to its higher simplicity, simulation results showed a lower energy consumption in the H2 production by the electrochemical approach (29.2 vs. 32.70 k Wh/Kg of H2). These results demonstrated the interest of the electrochemical reforming of ethanol to obtain high purity hydrogen in a single reaction/separation step, thereby representing an interesting alternative to classical catalytic reforming.Es la versión preprint del artículo. Se puede consultar la versión final en https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2015.05.00

Talleres motivacionales en la enseñanza de Estadística Básica

En numerosas titulaciones encontramos que aparecen asignaturas de Estadística dentro del bloque de Materias Básicas. Se trata de asignaturas fundamentales para las diferentes titulaciones, ya que en ellas se proporcionan herramientas e instrumentos que serán de gran utilidad para el desarrollo profesional de los estudiantes, aunque se trate de diferentes grados, como Trabajo Social, Relaciones Laborales y Recursos Humanos o Turismo, donde el contenido es similar, aunque el ámbito sugiera distintas situaciones de aplicación. Dicha asignatura de Estadística básica supone generalmente un bloqueo para el alumnado, ya que al no poseer una base matemática demasiado fuerte, se enfrenta a dicha asignatura con temor. En este trabajo se expone la experiencia realizada para enfocar la asignatura de Estadística en titulaciones que no son de ciencias y tecnología, de una manera más amigable, mediante el desarrollo de talleres que se han realizado a lo largo del cuatrimestre en el que se imparte la asignatura, para favorecer la adquisición de las competencias asignadas a las asignaturas. En concreto, se exponen cinco talleres motivacionales realizados en la mayoría de los casos mediante el uso de objetos manipulables, con los que se han conseguido reducir el nivel de abstracción de algunos conceptos teóricos fundamentales, aplicados a la parte de Estadística Descriptiva, Probabilidad e Inferencia Estadística. Según el alumnado encuestado tras la aplicación de los talleres motivacionales, ha sido conseguido el objetivo de aumentar la motivación por la asignatura

Uso de figuras mexicanas en el mensaje político del EZLN

La preservación de la propia identidad está en la base del mensaje de destacados movimientos civiles del siglo XX. La mitología nacional y la etnicidad fueron dos de los ejes temáticos que vertebraron el discurso de la rebelión zapatista en México en el año 1994. Símbolos, estereotipos y otros elementos significantes sirvieron a la promoción del mensaje político. Los mitos son el motor de los movimientos sociales. Chiapas se convirtió en un mito de los movimientos antiglobalización actuales. Aunque todo eso vino tras el 1 de enero de 1994. Mucho antes, por los años en los que se gestaba la rebelión en la selva, sus cabecillas acordaron agruparse bajo la denominación zapatista, dejando así constancia de sus deseos de paralelismo con tan ilustre mexicano. En México, los medios de comunicación han impulsado que la mitología de la Revolución se fije en la mente del espectador con unos determinados atributos. En la prensa española de la época del conflicto encontramos informaciones que se acompañan de imágenes de Emiliano Zapata y personas de su círculo. Hemos analizado 299 fotografías recogidas desde el 4 de enero de 1994 hasta el 30 de diciembre de 1994, de las que 114 son del diario El País, 122 de El Mundo, y 63 de ABC. Incluimos algunas fotografías publicadas que entendemos son relevantes para el desarrollo de nuestra argumentación. Las conclusiones más relevantes son que el Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (EZLN) se publicitó activamente en la opinión pública con planificación, creatividad y teatralidad. Creó y estructuró diversos sucesos informativos y jugó con simbolismos en el desarrollo de ellos. El mando zapatista controló su propia proyección en los medios. Los periódicos españoles El Mundo y El País reprodujeron viejos retratos del archivo de la Revolución identificándolos con el EZLN

Ultraviolet exposure of competitors during a Tokyo Olympic Sailing Regatta Test Event

Background Overexposure to sunlight is the main cause of skin cancer. Photoprotection practices and sunburn play a crucial role in skin cancer prevention. Objectives This study aimed to quantify the risk of sun exposure and to evaluate photoprotection practices in Spanish sailors during Olympic competitions. Methods Solar daily ultraviolet (UV) radiation cycle, personal UV dosimetry, photoprotection practices and sunburn checking were followed during three consecutive days of competition among sailors from the Spanish Olympic Sailing Team during a Tokyo Olympic Regatta Test Event. Results A total of 13 sailors (7 women), with mean age of 27.6 +/- 4.7 years and sports experience of 17.7 +/- 5.4 years, were studied. The most common phototypes were type III (53.8%) and type II (38.5%). The rate of sunburn checked was high (46.2%). The mean daily personal UV exposure received was 761.0 +/- 263.6 J/m(2), 3.0 +/- 1.1 minimal erythemal dose and 7.6 +/- 2.6 standard erythemal dose, seven times greater than the maximum permissible UV light exposure values for an 8 h working day. The use of a T-shirt was the most common practice (94.2%), followed by the use of shade (50.2%), hat/cap (44.0%), sunglasses (26.1%) and sunscreen (11.8%). Conclusions Olympic sailor's studies presented high levels of UV radiation received, high rate of sunburn and insufficient adherence to sun-protective behaviours (especially, to use of sunscreen) to prevent sunburn, the main cause of skin cancer. Sport Federations should develop educational campaigns addressing sun-related exposure habits and photoprotection behaviours to reduce the risk of skin cancer among these athletes

Gas-phase electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 to chemicals on sputtered Cu and Cu–C catalysts electrodes

A novel gas-phase electrocatalytic cell containing a low-temperature proton exchange membrane (PEM) was developed to electrochemically convert CO2 into organic compounds. Two different Cu-based cathode catalysts (Cu and Cu–C) were prepared by physical vapor deposition method (sputtering) and subsequently employed for the gas-phase electroreduction of CO2 at different temperatures (70–90 °C). The prepared electrodes Cu and Cu–C were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As revealed, Cu is partially oxidized on the surface of the samples and the Cu and Cu–C cathodic catalysts were comprised of a porous, continuous, and homogeneous film with nanocrystalline Cu with a grain size of 16 and 8 nm, respectively. The influence of the applied current and temperature on the electro-catalytic activity and selectivity of these materials was investigated. Among the two investigated electrodes, the pure Cu catalyst film showed the highest CO2 specific electrocatalytic reduction rates and higher selectivity to methanol formation compared to the Cu–C electrode, which was attributed to the higher particle size of the former and lower CuO/Cu ratio. The obtained results show potential interest for the possible use of electrical renewable energy for the transformation of CO2 into valuable products using low metal loading Cu based electrodes (0.5 mg Cu cm−2) prepared by sputteringSe desarrolló una nueva celda electrocatalítica en fase gaseosa que contiene una membrana de intercambio de protones (PEM) de baja temperatura para convertir electroquímicamente el CO 2 en compuestos orgánicos. Se prepararon dos catalizadores de cátodo basados ​​en Cu diferentes (Cu y Cu–C) mediante el método de deposición física de vapor (pulverización) y posteriormente se emplearon para la electrorreducción de CO 2 en fase gaseosa a diferentes temperaturas (70–90 °C). Los electrodos Cu y Cu–C preparados se caracterizaron por difracción de rayos X (XRD), fotoemisión de rayos Xespectroscopía (XPS) y microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM). Como se reveló, el Cu está parcialmente oxidado en la superficie de las muestras y los catalizadores catódicos de Cu y Cu-C estaban compuestos por una película porosa, continua y homogénea con Cu nanocristalino con un tamaño de grano de 16 y 8 nm, respectivamente. Se investigó la influencia de la corriente y la temperatura aplicadas sobre la actividad electrocatalítica y la selectividad de estos materiales. Entre los dos electrodos investigados, la película de catalizador de Cu puro mostró la mayor cantidad de CO 2tasas específicas de reducción electrocatalítica y mayor selectividad para la formación de metanol en comparación con el electrodo de Cu-C, lo que se atribuyó al mayor tamaño de partícula del primero y a la menor relación CuO/Cu. Los resultados obtenidos muestran un potencial interés para el posible uso de energía eléctrica renovable para la transformación de CO 2 en productos valiosos utilizando electrodos basados ​​en Cu de baja carga de metal (0,5 mg Cu cm −2 ) preparados por pulverización catódica