Looking beyond the influence of origin and destination factors: The role of spillovers in migration from Spain to Europe

This paper analyses the factors involved in out-migration of the working-age native population from Spain to European countries during and after the Great Recession (2008-2016), accounting for the role of spatial spillovers through a spatial panel Durbin model. Furthermore, the study provides a comparative analysis between young and adult out-migrants to explore whether they hold different motivations. The findings reveal that out-migration of natives responded mainly to labour incentives and social protection expenditure, although the presence of amenities also mattered. Furthermore, they point to the relevance of social networks of former Spanish out-migrants residing in Europe as a pull factor, being this effect higher for young than for adult out-migrants. Finally, results disclose, regardless of the age group, the existence of very remarkable spatial spillovers

Disparidades regionales en la ue-15: un enfoque de convergencia.

Este trabajo trata de contribuir a la literatura existente sobre disparidades regionales en Europa a partir del análisis, durante el periodo 1995-2008, de distintos conceptos de convergencia. Para ello, y tras una sucinta revisión de la literatura empírica existente, se utilizan dos metodologías alternativas aunque complementarias: el enfoque clásico de convergencia y el enfoque de la dinámica distribucional. Los resultados obtenidos apuntan a la existencia de un proceso de convergencia regional en el PIB per cápita en Europa, así como a la presencia de una cierta, aunque no muy elevada, movilidad dentro de la distribución

Internal Migration in Spain: Dealing with Multilateral Resistance and Nonlinearites

This paper investigates the determinants of internal mobility across Spanish provinces of both foreigners and natives over the decade 2004-14. Building on an extended gravity model, our econometric strategy controls for multilateral resistance to migration by including different fixed effects structures. Additionally, the paper allows for some nonlinearities in the key economic determinants of migration, wages and unemployment. The main finding is that the impact of economic factors on internal migration is higher for foreigners than for natives; furthermore, the effect of these factors on internal migration is clearly nonlinear for the group of natives, while this only happens for foreigners when dyadic fixed effects of origin-destination are considered. Finally, the paper shows that the nature of the amenities with the greatest impact on internal movements differs between the two groups: foreigners look for social services and cultural amenities, whereas natives are more attracted by good climate conditions

Inversión extranjera directa en las regiones españolas: ¿Cuáles son los factores determinantes?

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper is to analyze foreign direct investment (FDI) flows in Spain at regional and sectoral levels over the period 1997-2013. After showing that they are very volatile and highly geographically concentrated, the paper examines their determinants by estimating an FDI equation by GMM and GLS. This is done not only for the whole period and total FDI but also for two sub-periods (pre-crisis and crisis) and main places of origin (Europe and America). The results show that FDI inflows in Spain are mainly determined by market size, the level of human capital in interaction with wages, and the own characteristics of Madrid.RESUMEN:The purpose of this paper is to analyze foreign direct investment (FDI) flows in Spain at regional and sectoral levels over the period 1997-2013. After showing that they are very volatile and highly geographically concentrated, the paper examines their determinants by estimating an FDI equation by GMM and GLS. This is done not only for the whole period and total FDI but also for two sub-periods (pre-crisis and crisis) and main places of origin (Europe and America). The results show that FDI inflows in Spain are mainly determined by market size, the level of human capital in interaction with wages, and the own characteristics of Madrid

Affinity-based color enhancement methods for contrast enhancement in hyperspectral and multimodal imaging

This work proposes separating data analysis from hyperspectral enhancement or editing, providing a robust, context-independent, fully-tunable framework for biomarker-based contrast in wide-field imaging with a series of reliable properties that could enable its use in guided surgery. Some applications of this method powered by deep learning diagnostics will be discussed and shown.Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (FIS2010-19860, TEC2016-76021-C2-2-R), Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (DTS17-00055, DTS15- 00238), Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (INNVAL16/02, INNVAL18/23), Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sports (FPU16/05705)

Fusion of OCT and hyperspectral imaging for tissue diagnosis and assessment

The combination of molecular (hyperspectral imaging) and morphological (optical coherent tomography imaging) optical technologies helps in the assessment of biological tissue both in pathological diagnosis and in the follow-up treatments. The co-registration of both imaging features allows quantifying the presence of chromophores and the subsurface structure of tissue. This work proposes the fusion of two optical imaging technologies for the characterization of different types of tissues where the attenuation coefficient calculated from OCT imaging serves to track the presence of anomalies in the distribution of chromophores over the sample and therefore to diagnose pathological conditions. The performance of two customized hyperspectral imaging systems working in two complementary spectral ranges (VisNIR from 400 to 1000 nm, and SWIR 1000 to 1700 nm) and one commercial OCT system working at 1325 nm reveals the presence of fibrosis, collagen alterations and lipid content in cardiovascular tissues such as aortic walls (to assess on aneurysmal conditions) or tendinous chords (to diagnose the integrity of the valvular system) or in muscular diseases prone to fibrotic changes and inflammation.Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (FIS2010-19860, TEC2016-76021-C2-2-R), Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (DTS17-00055, DTS15- 00238), Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (INNVAL16/02, INNVAL18/23) and Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sports (FPU16/05705)

Encapsulation of the Antistaphylococcal Endolysin LysRODI in pH-Sensitive Liposomes

© 2020 by the authors.Phage lysins are promising new therapeutics against multidrug-resistant bacteria. These so-called enzybiotics offer, amongst their most notable advantages, high target specificity and low resistance development. Moreover, there are numerous recent and ongoing studies aimed at demonstrating the efficacy and safety of endolysins in animal models or even in clinical trials. Nonetheless, as is the case for other antimicrobials, it is important to assess potential strategies that may broaden their potential applications or improve their stability. Encapsulation, for instance, has given very good results for some antibiotics. This study sought to evaluate the feasibility of encapsulating an endolysin against the opportunistic human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, one of the most problematic bacteria in the context of the current antibiotic resistance crisis. Endolysin LysRODI has antimicrobial activity against many S. aureus strains from different sources, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates. Here, this protein was encapsulated in pH-sensitive liposomes with an efficacy of approximately 47%, retaining its activity after being released from the nanocapsules. Additionally, the encapsulated endolysin effectively reduced S. aureus cell counts by > 2log units in both planktonic cultures and biofilms upon incubation at pH 5. These results demonstrate the viability of LysRODI encapsulation in liposomes for its targeted delivery under mild acidic conditionsThis study was funded by grants AGL2015-65673-R (MINECO/FEDER, UE), EU ANIWHA ERA-NET (BLAAT ID: 67)/PCIN-2017-001 (AEI/FEDER, UE), Proyecto Intramural CSIC201670E040, Proyecto Intramural CSIC 201770E016. IDI/2018/000119 (Program of Science, Technology and Innovation 2018-2020 and FEDER EU funds, Principado de Asturias, Spain). S.P. has a postdoctoral fellowship CONACYT (México)Peer reviewe

Teledirección de proyectos de fin de carrera. Clasificación de las herramientas Internet para la docencia en P.F.C. en Informática Técnica de Gestión

Un proyecto informático desarrollado hoy en cualquier organización, tiene elevadas posibilidades de emplear herramientas Internet en su realización, dadas las ventajas que estas ofrecen para trabajar a distancia de donde se tomen las decisiones, residan los clientes... etc. Aparecen ventajas, pero también inconvenientes, derivados de una alteración en la comunicación habitual entre seres humanos. El alumno debe prepararse desde el punto de vista técnico pero también desde el organizativo, integrando estas herramientas en un grupo de trabajo, ámbito donde desarrollara estas habilidades una vez alcance su titulación. En el presente artículo analizamos un caso real, donde se constató que en el aprendizaje de estas herramientas se debía incluir el adiestramiento en técnicas de comunicación humana, remarcando las diferencias con la comunicación convencional, buscando un mejor entendimiento con su entorno (cliente, jefes de proyecto y compañeros de trabajo)

Optical fibre spectroscopy sensor for the quantitative determination of industrial textile dyes

In this paper, an extrinsic optical fibre sensor (OFS) for the quantitative determination of dyes used in the textile industry is presented. The system proposed is based on absorption spectroscopy and multivariate calibration methods to infer the concentration of different textile dyes. The performance of the sensor has been successfully assessed using calibrated dyes, with a very good correlation between the multivariate calibration models and the predicted values. The sensor system here demonstrated could be used to predict the colour of dye mixtures during the dyebath and, therefore, reduce the manufacturing costs

Automated surgical margin assessment in breast conserving surgery using SFDI with ensembles of self-confident deep convolutional networks

With an adequate tissue dataset, supervised classification of tissue optical properties can be achieved in SFDI images of breast cancer lumpectomies with deep convolutional networks. Nevertheless, the use of a black-box classifier in current ex vivo setups provides output diagnostic images that are inevitably bound to show misclassified areas due to inter- and intra-patient variability that could potentially be misinterpreted in a real clinical setting. This work proposes the use of a novel architecture, the self-introspective classifier, where part of the model is dedicated to estimating its own expected classification error. The model can be used to generate metrics of self-confidence for a given classification problem, which can then be employed to show how much the network is familiar with the new incoming data. A heterogenous ensemble of four deep convolutional models with self-confidence, each sensitive to a different spatial scale of features, is tested on a cohort of 70 specimens, achieving a global leave-one-out cross-validation accuracy of up to 81%, while being able to explain where in the output classification image the system is most confident.Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (FIS2010-19860, TEC2016-76021-C2-2-R), Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (DTS17-00055, DTS15- 00238), Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (INNVAL16/02, INNVAL18/23), Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sports (FPU16/05705)