Hadjadj: nuevas perspectivas en la crítica al programa transhumanista

La fe en el progreso técnico ha llevado a la liberación de las energías de la naturaleza y con ello, como dice Heidegger, se ha inaugurado el peligro de “ser absorbido por la tecnología”. En esta línea se encuentra las propuestas del transhumanismo, como el biomejoramiento humano, tratando de superar las limitaciones humanas como la salud, el conocimiento, la afectividad y moral, y mortalidad haciendo uso de las nuevas tecnologías NBIC. El filósofo francés, Fabrice Hadjadj, es un nuevo referente en la discusión del transhumanismo con sus análisis sobre la tecnología y la corporeidad humana. Mi propósito es mostrar las críticas que se encuentran en el pensamiento de Hadjadj a los núcleos esenciales del movimiento transhumanista, interpretándolas como desarrollos que continúan y profundizan las ya realizadas por autores como Jürgen Habermas y Michael Sandel; además, pretendo mostrar que son plausibles, tienen consideraciones convincentes y una nueva forma de pensar y responder al transhumanismo. La estructura está dividida en tres partes: 1) la exposición de los argumentos y crítica que Hadjadj hace a esta postura filosófica basándome en las liberaciones de nuestras limitaciones antes mencionadas; 2) centrarme en la propuesta que hace para superar esta postura, cómo complementa las críticas que hacen Habermas y Sandel desde una perspectiva metafísica; y, por último, 3) la defensa del ser humano desde su visión basada en sus “cuatro vueltas”.Faith in technical progress has led to the liberation of the energies of nature and with it, as Heidegger says, the danger of "being absorbed by technology" has been inaugurated. In this line we find the transhumanism approaches, such as human bio-enhancement, trying to overcome human limitations such as health, intellectual capacity, affectivity and morality, and mortality by making use of the new NBIC technologies. The French philosopher, Fabrice Hadjadj, has become a new reference in the discussion of transhumanism with his analysis of technology and human embodiment. My purpose is to show some of the critiques found in Hadjadj's thought to the essential aspects of the transhumanist movement, interpreting them as developments that continue to deepen those already made by authors such as Jürgen Habermas and Michael Sandel; furthermore, I intend to show that Hadjadj’s arguments are plausible, have convincing considerations and a new way of thinking and responding to transhumanism. The structure is divided into three parts: 1) the exposition of the arguments and criticism that Hadjadj makes to this philosophical position based on the liberations from our limitations mentioned above; 2) focus on the proposal he makes to overcome this position, how he complements the criticisms made by Habermas and Sandel from a metaphysical perspective; and finally, 3) the defense of the human being from his vision based on his "four returns".Filosofí

Standardization Framework for Sustainability from Circular Economy 4.0

The circular economy (CE) is widely known as a way to implement and achieve sustainability, mainly due to its contribution towards the separation of biological and technical nutrients under cyclic industrial metabolism. The incorporation of the principles of the CE in the links of the value chain of the various sectors of the economy strives to ensure circularity, safety, and efficiency. The framework proposed is aligned with the goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development regarding the orientation towards the mitigation and regeneration of the metabolic rift by considering a double perspective. Firstly, it strives to conceptualize the CE as a paradigm of sustainability. Its principles are established, and its techniques and tools are organized into two frameworks oriented towards causes (cradle to cradle) and effects (life cycle assessment), and these are structured under the three pillars of sustainability, for their projection within the proposed framework. Secondly, a framework is established to facilitate the implementation of the CE with the use of standards, which constitute the requirements, tools, and indicators to control each life cycle phase, and of key enabling technologies (KETs) that add circular value 4.0 to the socio-ecological transition

Eco‐Holonic 4.0 Circular Business Model to Conceptualize Sustainable Value Chain Towards Digital Transition

The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize a circular business model based on an Eco-Holonic Architecture, through the integration of circular economy and holonic principles. A conceptual model is developed to manage the complexity of integrating circular economy principles, digital transformation, and tools and frameworks for sustainability into business models. The proposed architecture is multilevel and multiscale in order to achieve the instantiation of the sustainable value chain in any territory. The architecture promotes the incorporation of circular economy and holonic principles into new circular business models. This integrated perspective of business model can support the design and upgrade of the manufacturing companies in their respective industrial sectors. The conceptual model proposed is based on activity theory that considers the interactions between technical and social systems and allows the mitigation of the metabolic rift that exists between natural and social metabolism. This study contributes to the existing literature on circular economy, circular business models and activity theory by considering holonic paradigm concerns, which have not been explored yet. This research also offers a unique holonic architecture of circular business model by considering different levels, relationships, dynamism and contextualization (territory) aspects

Enactive manufacturing through cyber-physical systems: a step beyond cognitive manufacturing

Cognitive manufacturing, as a paradigm for providing intelligence to manufacturing systems and enabling interaction with operators presents limitations. Manufacturing system requires to be adaptive to machine tools, manufacturing environments and operators. In this line, the enactive approach to cognitive science provides a paradigm for the design of new biologically inspired cognitive architectures. Likewise, the advantages of Key Enabling Technologies and the concept of Industry 4.0 reveal new opportunities for increasing industrial innovation and developing sustainable industrial environments. These technologies are appropriated to overcome the limitations of cognitive manufacturing, because they can achieve the integration of physical and digital systems focused on cyber-physical systems. In this work, an architecture for the sustainable development of enactive manufacturing systems based on holonic paradigm is proposed and its main associated informational model is described

Metabolism in eco-holonic manufacturing systems based on the living systems theory

The industrial metabolism has been conceived on the basis of analogies about the set of biochemical reactions (anabolism and catabolism) that occur in a living being and their flows of matter, energy and substances in natural ecosystems. This conception determines forms of appropriation and consumption of substances, materials and energy, from the natural environment (natursphere) and the technical environment (technosphere) for their transformation and subsequent elimination, under the articulation of criteria of cyclicity, toxicity and efficiency. The last aim of Industrial Ecology (IE), is materialized when the variety of industrial ecosystems is eco-compatible with the variety of natural ecosystems. The naturalisation of manufacturing systems is an effort to conceive them with variety similar to natural systems in order to achieve their eco-compatibility. In addition to bionic models from natural ecosystems in the field of industrial metabolism, several attempts have been made to design technical systems using bionic models from the Living Systems Theory (LST). The formulation of manufacturing systems based on living systems can be considered as a set of dynamic systems from Bertalanffy's perspective. In this paper is postulated an Eco-Holonic Reference Architecture for its projection in the design of manufacturing systems metabolism with an adaptive, self-regulating and required variety structure and with a potential toolbox in the core knowledge of the holon throughout its life cycl

A MPC Strategy for the Optimal Management of Microgrids Based on Evolutionary Optimization

In this paper, a novel model predictive control strategy, with a 24-h prediction horizon, is proposed to reduce the operational cost of microgrids. To overcome the complexity of the optimization problems arising from the operation of the microgrid at each step, an adaptive evolutionary strategy with a satisfactory trade-off between exploration and exploitation capabilities was added to the model predictive control. The proposed strategy was evaluated using a representative microgrid that includes a wind turbine, a photovoltaic plant, a microturbine, a diesel engine, and an energy storage system. The achieved results demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach, outperforming a global scheduling planner-based on a genetic algorithm by 14.2% in terms of operational cost. In addition, the proposed approach also better manages the use of the energy storage system.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad DPI2016-75294-C2-2-RUnión Europea (Programa Horizonte 2020) 76409

Smart and connected Supply Chain

Con la llegada del internet de las cosas (IoT) y el internet industrial de las cosas (IIoT) la conectividad de todos los elementos de la cadena de suministro es una realidad que brinda la posibilidad de rastrear cualquier elemento de la misma. Para aprovechar la información que se genera de una cadena de suministro continuamente conectada y en funcionamiento, se empiezan a emplear los denominados gemelos digitales, una réplica virtual de dicha cadena incluyendo los activos físicos, los procesos y los sistemas. A medida que cambian las condiciones reales que afectan a la cadena de suministro, estas son registradas en el modelo virtual (gemelo digital) en tiempo real lo que permite una simulación instantánea del entorno y genera la oportunidad de tomar decisiones mejores, más optimizadas y en menor tiempo, hecho que supone una ventaja competitiva y una mejora en el desempeño. En este trabajo se va a establecer una revisión de los principales conceptos en torno a la cadena de suministro desde la perspectiva de la digitalización.With the arrival of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), the connectivity of all the elements along the supply chain is a reality that offers the possibility of tracking any element that integrates it. To use the information that is obtained from a supply chain that is always connected and working, “digital twins” (a virtual clone of its physical elements, processes and systems) are used. As soon as real conditions change, those changes are made also along the virtual world (digital twin) in real time and that allows an instantaneous simulation of the environment and generates the opportunity to take better, more optimized and faster decisions. All that is translated into a competitive advantage and an improvement in performance. This paper will establish a review of the main concepts around the supply chain from the perspective of digitalization. A review of the main concepts related to supply chain will be done in this paper using the digitalization perspective

El bien común en UPAEP: análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo

Ante los desafíos actuales de nuestra época, la universidad asume el compromiso de ser un agente de cambio por medio de la formación integral de líderes. Desde el contexto educativo, se analizarán dos de los bienes comunes, relación educativa e investigación, que influyen en la proyección de líderes que se comprometen con su entorno. Se aplicó un método de investigación cualitativo a través de la teoría fundamentada para buscar en los datos conceptualizaciones emergentes, que fueron categorizadas y analizadas en un proceso de constante comparación, con un instrumento de recopilación de información basado en gamestorming. En este caso, se analizarán los dos bienes comunes antes mencionados como parte de las dinámicas de bienes comunes. La agencia tiene un vínculo directo con el liderazgo y el sentido de transformación. La estabilidad es un concepto altamente valorado por los estudiantes. Existe un fuerte sentido de identidad como comunidad universitaria. La investigación tiene una relación directa con la innovación.  La relación educativa reflejada en el acompañamiento personalizado, la importancia de la formación integral y la visión de contribuir a la mejora de la humanidad son factores que impulsan una participación en la vida universitaria y la transformación social

Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Optical Frequency Comb Generation in Gain-Switched Semiconductor Lasers

We have performed a systematic experimental and simulation analysis of the optical frequency combs generated by gain-switching single mode laser diodes, either free-running or subjected to optical injection. The simulations have been produced with a dynamical model consisting of three rate equations that include stochastic noise terms. The model parameters have been extracted from experiments. An exhaustive comparison between the simulated and the experimental temporal profiles and optical spectra generated under a wide range of switching and optical injection conditions has been performed. The excellent quantitative agreement found in the entire range of the explored operating conditions supports the validity of the model for the analysis of the comb generation mechanisms. The detailed maps generated provide guidelines for selecting suitable operating conditions for specific comb characteristics.This work was funded by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of Spain (COMBINA, TEC201565212-C3-1-P and TEC201565212-C3-2-P)

Correction of negative dysphotopsia in Crystalens “Z syndrome”

We report a case of negative dysphotopsia in the left eye of a 56-year-old patient three months after uneventful bilateral phacoemulsification and implantation of a Crystalens® intraocular lens (Bausch and Lomb®) placed in the capsular bag. Three months postoperatively, the patient described visual field loss in the inferior temporal quadrant in the left eye under low light conditions. Anterior capsulorhexis was eccentric, allowing the inferior temporal optic edge to move forward, producing late asymmetric vault of the lens. One month later, when the equatorial diameter of the capsular bag decreased, we pushed the inferior temporary hinge backwards so that the lens moved back into the correct position. Six months after relocation, the lens position remained stable and negative dysphotopsia was absent. This case shows Crystalens Z syndrome as a new etiology of negative dysphotopsia, and a successful novel treatment in a patient without capsular fibrosis