Valores, actitudes y motivaciones en la juventud ante el emprendimiento individual y colectivo

En el presente trabajo se recopilan una serie de datos recientes –extraídos de diversas fuentes estadísticas acerca de la situación de la juventud y sus expectativas laborales en España y en Andalucía– para contrastar en qué medida las formas de emprendimiento individual y colectivo se presentan como una alternativa cada vez más asequible para este colectivo. En primer lugar se contextualiza hasta qué punto crear una empresa es una opción de inserción laboral en la juventud española. Seguidamente se profundiza en la vocación emprendedora, el asociacionismo y en el conocimiento de la economía social –en este caso de la juventud andaluza–. Por último se proponen algunas ideas conclusivas, a raíz de los datos expuestos, ya que las actitudes manifestadas pueden ser un indicador de las oportunidades u obstáculos que existen para el desarrollo de este tipo de fórmulas empresariales para el futuro

The “Bullied” Manager: An Empirical Study of Individual, Organizational and Contextual Factors

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to study the determinants of workplace bullying in a group of employees with a privileged position within the company: managers. First of all, we define the phenomenon. After, we make a review of literature with the object to set related variables in a global model of workplace bullying. A sample population of 608 managers was obtained from the microdata file of the last European Working Conditions Survey (European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions). The methodology used to achieve our research objectives is based on the binary logistic regression model. With this statistical technique we determine the probability of the occurrence of an event-workplace bullying in this case-compared to the probability of the occurrence of the opposite event. The global model is integrated by individual, organizational and contextual factors and predicts the likelihood of workplace bullying in 68% (61.6% between bullied managers and 75.9% between non bullied managers). The resulting model for managers is similar to models of workplace bullying for employees in general. Key words: Workplace bullying; Power; Harassment; Mobbing; Manager

Tecnología y trabajo asociado: en busca del equilibrio

This paper considers the conflict between cooperatives and technology. Data and examples are given from various empirical studies carried out in Spain and show that there is no general support for the optimistic hypothesis that cooperatives need to humanise opportunities for technological adaptation in order to avoid conflicts. Firstly, it is noted that the use of technology in this type of enterprise is usually very much limited by the activity. The impact of technology on the manufacturing sector is very different to that on cooperatives offering services or professional activities. Secondly, technology depends on business strategy. According to the Miles and Snow classification as applied to cooperatives, those in the industrial sector develop reactive and defensive strategies, whereas professional cooperatives show different strategies. This strategic behaviour and the increasing trend towards the creation of cooperatives in the industrial and services sectors leads to the conclusion that this type of enterprise tends to avoid the problems associated with industrial technology by the greater need for funds and the destruction of jobs involved in technological adaptation.Associated Work Cooperatives, Technology, Strategy

Downward fingering accompanies upward tube growth in a chemical garden grown in a vertical confined geometry

Chemical gardens are self-assembled structures of mineral precipitates enabled by semi-permeable membranes. To explore the effects of gravity on the formation of chemical gardens, we have studied chemical gardens grown from cobalt chloride pellets and aqueous sodium silicate solution in a vertical Hele–Shaw cell. Through photography, we have observed and quantitatively analysed upward growing tubes and downward growing fingers. The latter were not seen in previous experimental studies involving similar physicochemical systems in 3-dimensional or horizontal confined geometry. To better understand the results, further studies of flow patterns, buoyancy forces, and growth dynamics under schlieren optics have been carried out, together with characterisation of the precipitates with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry. In addition to an ascending flow and the resulting precipitation of tubular filaments, a previously not reported descending flow has been observed which, under some conditions, is accompanied by precipitation of solid fingering structures. We conclude that the physics of both the ascending and descending flows are shaped by buoyancy, together with osmosis and chemical reaction. The existence of the descending flow might highlight a limitation in current experimental methods for growing chemical gardens under gravity, where seeds are typically not suspended in the middle of the solution and are confined by the bottom of the vessel.Leverhulme Trust RPG-2015-002Spanish Government FIS2016-77692-C2-2PP PCIN-098European COST action CA1712

El directivo «acosado»: un estudio empírico de los factores individuales, organizativos y contextuales

The aim of this paper is to study the determinants of workplace bullying in a group of employees with a privileged position within the company: managers. First of all, we define the phenomenon. After we make a review of literature with the object to set related variables in a global model of workplace bullying. A sample population of 608 managers was obtained from the microdata file of the last European Working Conditions Survey (European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions). The methodology used to achieve our research objectives is based on the binary logistic regression model. With this statistical technique we determine the probability of the occurrence of an event –workplace bullying in this case– compared to the probability of the occurrence of the opposite event. The global model is integrated by individual, organizational and contextual factors and predicts the likelihood of workplace bullying in 68% (61,6% between bullied managers and 75,9% between non bullied managers). The resulting model for managers is similar to models of workplace bullying for employees in general.El objetivo del presente trabajo es estudiar los factores determinantes del acoso laboral que inciden en un colectivo de trabajadores con una situación privilegiada dentro de la empresa: los directivos. Tras delimitar conceptualmente el fenómeno, se realiza un recorrido sobre los hallazgos obtenidos a nivel empírico para establecer las variables presentes en un modelo global del acoso laboral. Con una submuestra aleatoria de 608 directivos y mandos intermedios obtenida de la última Encuesta Europea de Condiciones de Trabajo se estima, por etapas, un modelo de regresión logística binaria, para determinar la probabilidad de ocurrencia del acoso. El modelo global obtenido contiene variables a nivel individual, laboral-organizativas y contextuales y predice la probabilidad de acoso en un 68 por 100 (61,6% en directivos acosados y 73,9% en directivos no acosados), obteniéndose un modelo de acoso entre directivos muy similar al que se deduce de la literatura empírica analizada para todo tipo de trabajadores

Flexibilidad y compromiso: cemento de las estructuras organizativas emergentes

2.º Premio Estudios Financieros 1997.Modalidad: Recursos Humanos. Para los autores del presente artículo, las estructuras organizativas tradicionales, modelo piramidal, garantizan el control sobre los objetivos organizativos a través de la disciplina. Pero estos modelos de coordinación y control sólo son eficaces cuando son pocos los objetivos a alcanzar. Frente a estos diseños organizativos, las estructuras esféricas, más ágiles y flexibles, permiten hacer frente con mayor eficacia a los actuales entornos fuertemente complejos, dinámicos y turbulentos. En este marco, los autores consideran que el compromiso personal es la variable básica que garantiza el funcionamiento de estas estructuras emergentes. Estudiar las formas de influencia de los directivos sobre sus colaboradores y estudiar si estas influencias generan o no «compromiso», es la finalidad del presente trabajo

The Effect of the Presence of Amino Acids on the Precipitation of Inorganic Chemical-Garden Membranes: Biomineralization at the Origin of Life

If life developed in hydrothermal vents, it would have been within mineral membranes. The first proto-cells must have evolved to manipulate the mineral membranes that formed their compartments in order to control their metabolism. There must have occurred a biological takeover of the self-assembled mineral structures of the vents, with the incorporation of proto-biological molecules within the mineral membranes to alter their properties for life’s purposes. Here, we study a laboratory analogue of this process: chemical-garden precipitation of the amino acids arginine and tryptophan with the metal salt iron chloride and sodium silicate. We produced these chemical gardens using different methodologies in order to determine the dependence of the morphology and chemistry on the growth conditions, as well as the effect of the amino acids on the formation of the iron-silicate chemical garden. We compared the effects of having amino acids initially within the forming chemical garden, corresponding to the internal zones of hydrothermal vents, or else outside, corresponding to the surrounding ocean. The characterization of the formed chemical gardens using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and scanning electron microscopy demonstrates the presence of amino acids in these structures. The growth method in which the amino acid is initially in the tablet with the iron salt is that which generated chemical gardens with more amino acids in their structures.European Commission P-18-RT-3786Spanish Andalusian CA1712

Exploding Chemical Gardens: A Phase-Change Clock Reaction.

Chemical gardens and clock reactions are two of the best-known demonstration reactions in chemistry. Until now these have been separate categories. We have discovered that a chemical garden confined to two dimensions is a clock reaction involving a phase change, so that after a reproducible and controllable induction period it explodes

Burocracia y eficacia: hacia una organización ambidextra

1.er Premio Estudios Financieros 1999.Modalidad: Recursos Humanos Las nuevas formas y prácticas organizativas no parecen abogar por la desaparición absoluta de todo tipo de burocracia, sino más bien de una forma de entenderla. Los procedimientos formales han sido diseñados tradicionalmente para hacer un plan infalible del proceso de trabajo, aunque con esta perspectiva los resultados se han alejado considerablemente de este objetivo. En este trabajo se pretende comprobar la existencia de un tipo de formalización que permita a los empleados aumentar su nivel de eficacia, superando la perspectiva unidimensional -sólo su intensidad- por otra bidimensional que considera tanto su intensidad como su carácter. De esta forma se ha constatado mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario multidimensional a 445 personas de 32 organizaciones distintas, la existencia de cuatro contextos -permisivo, coercitivo, orgánico y autocrático- con resultados diferentes en cuanto a nivel de compromiso, alienación y desgaste de sus componentes

OpenFOAM Numerical Simulations with Different Lid Driven Cavity Shapes

The finite volume method have been developed to solve the Navier-Stokes equations with primitive variables and non dimensional form. This work examine the classical benchmark problem of the lid-driven cavity at a different Reynolds range (Re = 10,100,400, 1000, 2000, 3200) and several cavity geometries. The cavity configurations include square cavity, skewed cavity, trapezoidal cavity and arcshaped cavity. The flow is assumed laminar and solved in a uniform mesh. A CFD tool with its solvers (icoFoam) will be used for this study