Conformal Efficiency Factors of Friction Pairs in Construction Machinery

Formulae for the efficiency factor of moving friction pairs of construction equipment are investigated in terms of their mutual adaptation (conformism) during friction and wear. As a basis, the average coefficients of sliding friction and dimensions of the reference line curves, the half-sums of their products of the worn surfaces microrelief for mating parts are taken. Coefficients of sliding friction and dimensions of reference lines were determined from the partial values of microwear and micromaterial of the normalized system of relative reference lines and convergences. Calculated values of conformal efficiency factors were compared with efficiency factors obtained from the tested dependence, as well as from the wedge operator in the dry friction mode. The research was carried out on the example of model hinges of hydraulic excavator attachments

INTEGRAL detection of hard X-rays from NGC 6334: Nonthermal emission from colliding winds or an AGN?

We report the detection of hard X-ray emission from the field of the star-forming region NGC 6334 with the the International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory INTEGRAL. The JEM-X monitor and ISGRI imager aboard INTEGRAL and Chandra ACIS imager were used to construct 3-80 keV images and spectra of NGC 6334. The 3-10 keV and 10-35 keV images made with JEM-X show a complex structure of extended emission from NGC 6334. The ISGRI source detected in the energy ranges 20-40 keV and 40-80 keV coincides with the NGC 6334 ridge. The 20-60 keV flux from the source is (1.8+-0.37)*10(-11) erg cm(-2) s(-1). Spectral analysis of the source revealed a hard power-law component with a photon index about 1. The observed X-ray fluxes are in agreement with extrapolations of X-ray imaging observations of NGC 6334 by Chandra ACIS and ASCA GIS. The X-ray data are consistent with two very different physical models. A probable scenario is emission from a heavily absorbed, compact and hard Chandra source that is associated with the AGN candidate radio source NGC 6334B. Another possible model is the extended Chandra source of nonthermal emission from NGC 6334 that can also account for the hard X-ray emission observed by INTEGRAL. The origin of the emission in this scenario is due to electron acceleration in energetic outflows from massive early type stars. The possibility of emission from a young supernova remnant, as suggested by earlier infrared observations of NGC 6334, is constrained by the non-detection of 44Ti lines.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures, Astronomy and Astrophysics (in press

Generated heat by different targets irradiated by 660 MeV protons

246-254Calorimetric experiments have been performed to analyze different thick targets of natU, C, Pb material, irradiated by 660 MeV protons at the Phasotron accelerator facility, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, Russia. The method of online temperature measurement has been compared with MCNPX 2.7.0 simulation and selected with Ansys Transient Thermal Simulation to compare measured temperature with the simulated one. Thermocouples type T and E have been used as a temperature probe. Many different positions have been measured for each target. Temperature results are following very well the processes inside of the cylinders. Changes of heat deposition caused by drops of the proton beam intensity are displayed very well as a jagged line shown in almost every chart. Accurate temperature changing measurement is a very modest variation of how to observe inner macroscopic behavior online

Hard X-ray Emission Clumps in the gamma-Cygni Supernova Remnant: an INTEGRAL-ISGRI View

Spatially resolved images of the galactic supernova remnant G78.2+2.1 (gamma-Cygni) in hard X-ray energy bands from 25 keV to 120 keV are obtained with the IBIS-ISGRI imager aboard the International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory INTEGRAL. The images are dominated by localized clumps of about ten arcmin in size. The flux of the most prominent North-Western (NW) clump is (1.7 +/- 0.4) 10^{-11} erg/cm^2/s in the 25-40 keV band. The observed X-ray fluxes are in agreement with extrapolations of soft X-ray imaging observations of gamma-Cygni by ASCA GIS and spatially unresolved RXTE PCA data. The positions of the hard X-ray clumps correlate with bright patches of optical line emission, possibly indicating the presence of radiative shock waves in a shocked cloud. The observed spatial structure and spectra are consistent with model predictions of hard X-ray emission from nonthermal electrons accelerated by a radiative shock in a supernova interacting with an interstellar cloud, but the powerful stellar wind of the O9V star HD 193322 is a plausible candidate for the NW source as well.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, Astronomy and Astrophysics Letter

Monitoring mixed neutron-proton field near the primary proton and deuteron beams in spallation targets

282-293At the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) we are involved in the Accelerator-Driven-System (ADS) research. We perform experiments with assemblies composed of a spallation target and a subcritical blanket irradiated with high-energy proton or deuteron beams that generate high-energy neutron fields by spallation and fission reactions. In this paper, three uranium assemblies are presented: Energy plus Transmutation (E+T), QUINTA and BURAN. We discuss the results of the E+T and QUINTA irradiations by 1.6 GeV deuterons and 660 MeV protons, respectively. We have focused on the regions close to the primary beam passage through the targets. The field has been measured using activation detectors of 209Bi, 59Co, and natPb. Monte Carlo simulations using MCNPX 2.7.0 have been performed and compared to the experimental results. We discovered that the field intensity near the primary beam is very dependent on the precision of the accelerator beam settings. Therefore, a Monte Carlo-based study of the influence of the uncertainty of primary proton beam parameters on experimental result accuracy of the QUINTA assembly has been carried out. The usage of MCNPX 2.7.0 in the future BURAN irradiations has been assessed.</span

Взаимосвязь вегетативной дисфункции и степени выраженности когнитивного дефицита у больных дисциркуляторной энцефалопатией

The purpose of present research is to estimate the correlation between vegetative dysfunction and cognitive impairment in patients with chronic ischemia of the brain. We supervised 112 patients with chronic ischemia of the brain. To determine cognitive impairment we used Mini Mental State Examination scale. To determine vegetative dysfunction we used A.M.Vayne's questionnaire. Also heart rate variability (HRV) examination was carried out. All the patients were divided into 2 groups depending on expressiveness of cognitive impairment: light and moderate cognitive impairment. The expressed vegetative dysfunction was revealed according to A.M.Vejna's questionnaire and according to HRV in patients with moderate cognitive impairment. In patients with chronic ischemia of the brain with moderate cognitive impairment revealed shift of vegetative balance aside prevalence of hyperactivity of sympathetic adrenal system that is adverse the factor in progressing a chronic ischemia of a brain.Изучена взаимосвязь вегетативной дисфункции и степени выраженности когнитивного дефицита у больных дисциркуляторной энцефалопатией I и II стадий. Обследовано 112 пациентов с дисциркуляторной энцефалопатией (ДЭ). Выраженность когнитивного дефицита оценивали по шкале Mini Mental State Examination. Для оценки выраженности вегетативной дисфункции применялся опросник А.М. Вейна, исследовалась вариабельность сердечного ритма (ВСР). Были выделены две группы пациентов: с легким и умеренным когнитивным дефицитом. Установлена выраженная вегетативная дисфункция по данным опросника А.М. Вейна и по всем показателям ВСР у пациентов с умеренным когнитивным дефицитом. У больных ДЭ с умеренным когнитивным дефицитом обнаружен сдвиг вегетативного баланса в сторону преобладания активности симпатоадреналовой системы, что является неблагоприятным прогностическим фактором в прогрессировании хронической ишемии мозга

Generated heat by different targets irradiated by 660 MeV protons

Calorimetric experiments have been performed to analyze different thick targets of natU, C, Pb material, irradiated by 660 MeV protons at the Phasotron accelerator facility, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, Russia. The method of online temperature measurement has been compared with MCNPX 2.7.0 simulation and selected with Ansys Transient Thermal Simulation to compare measured temperature with the simulated one. Thermocouples type T and E have been used as a temperature probe. Many different positions have been measured for each target. Temperature results are following very well the processes inside of the cylinders. Changes of heat deposition caused by drops of the proton beam intensity are displayed very well as a jagged line shown in almost every chart. Accurate temperature changing measurement is a very modest variation of how to observe inner macroscopic behavior online

Generated heat by different targets irradiated by 660 MeV protons

Calorimetric experiments have been performed to analyze different thick targets of natU, C, Pb material, irradiated by 660 MeV protons at the Phasotron accelerator facility, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, Russia. The method of online temperature measurement has been compared with MCNPX 2.7.0 simulation and selected with Ansys Transient Thermal Simulation to compare measured temperature with the simulated one. Thermocouples type T and E have been used as a temperature probe. Many different positions have been measured for each target. Temperature results are following very well the processes inside of the cylinders. Changes of heat deposition caused by drops of the proton beam intensity are displayed very well as a jagged line shown in almost every chart. Accurate temperature changing measurement is a very modest variation of how to observe inner macroscopic behavior online