ANÁLISE DE COMPORTAMENTOS DE MÃES QUE ACOMPANHAM SEUS FILHOS DURANTE TRATAMENTO ODONTOLÓGICO

The aim of this study was to describe and analyze the behavior of 10 mothers during sequential dental treatment sessions of their children. All sessions were recorded onto videotape with sonorous marks every 15-second interval, indicating the moments that behavior records would be performed. A behavioral repertoire general plotting indicated some common and specific behavior patterns, which were indicators of anxiety for some participants. Proportionally, local anesthesia injection procedures evoked avoidance and mothers´ escape behaviors. Results may establish the hypothesis that the pediatric dentistry, aware of parents’ behaviors, can adopt strategies that reduce parents’ anxiety, increasing children’s collaborative behaviors.Key words: Mother’s Behavior; Dental Anxiety; Behavior Analysis; Pediatric Dentistry.O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever e analisar os comportamentos de dez mães durante sessões seqüenciais de atendimento odontológico de seus filhos. Todas as sessões foram filmadas em videoteipe com marcas sonoras a cada 15 segundos, indicando os momentos em que foram efetuados os registros dos comportamentos. Um mapeamento geral do repertório de comportamentos permitiu apontar padrões comuns a todas as participantes e padrões específicos, indicadores de maior ansiedade de algumas participantes. Proporcionalmente, o procedimento de anestesia injetável evocou maior freqüência de comportamentos indicadores de fuga e/ou esquiva das mães. Os resultados permitem levantar a hipótese de que o cirurgião-dentista, atento aos comportamentos de pais e acompanhantes de crianças, pode adotar estratégias que reduzam a ansiedade dos pais, aumentando a freqüência de comportamentos colaborativos das crianças com o tratamento. Palavras-chave: comportamentos de mães; ansiedade em odontologia; análise de comportamentos; odontopediatria

The dentist's behavior analysis in the context of children treatment

Behavioral research in Dentistry has created possibilities of knowing different patterns of interaction between dentist and patient as well as procedures to improve dental care. The aim of the present study was to analyze the behavior of two dentists and a five-year old child, during clinical dental treatment. Dental treatment events were recorded and then described based on a functional analysis framework. Behaviors were classified into categories and analyzed in terms of actions-antecedent and consequential events. Results showed that dental treatment involves a bi-directional control of patient and dentists' behavior. Instruction and distraction were the main management procedures of cooperative behavior. Physical restraint and verbal punishment were often used to control uncooperative behaviors. The results showed that what leads a dentist to have such behavior might be closely related to how the patient behaves as well as how much expertise the dentist has on dental treatment for children.A pesquisa comportamental em odontologia tem permitido reconhecer padrões de interação do cirurgião-dentista com seu cliente, assim como, propor formas de intervenção sistemática que contribuam para a facilitação do atendimento clínico. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar funcionalmente os comportamentos do cirurgião-dentista em uma seqüência de sessões de atendimento odontológico de uma criança. Todas as sessões foram registradas em vídeo e os episódios de interação comportamental profissional-cliente descritos na íntegra. Os comportamentos foram classificados em categorias conforme sua funcionalidade. Os resultados mostraram que o tratamento odontológico envolve um controle bidirecional entre seus participantes ativos. O dentista utiliza-se da instrução e distração, enquanto estratégias de manejo de comportamentos colaborativos, assim como, de contenção física e punição verbal para o controle de eventos não-colaborativos. Os resultados permitiram supor que o que leva o dentista a atuar de modo particular, parece ser o padrão comportamental da criança, assim como sua história de aprendizagem ao contexto de tratamento.53354

Chronic toxicological evaluation of the hydroalcoholic extract of Operculina alata (Ham.) Urban on biochemical and hematological parameters in female Wistar rats

O extrato hidroalcoólico (EHA) da Operculina alata (Ham.) Urban, é comercializado pelas propriedades laxantes e catárticas. Apesar da ampla utilização na Medicina tradicional, existem poucos estudos sobre a segurança de uso. Foram investigados efeitos da administração crônica do EHA sobre parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos. Não foram observados sinais de toxicidade aguda ou morte, nem alterações nos perfis bioquímicos e hematológicos, excetuando-se aumento significativo nos níveis séricos de glicose, alanina amino-transferase e fosfatase alcalina e redução na contagem de monócitos. Embora estatisticamente significativas, as alterações ocorreram dentro da faixa de referência para espécie. Aparentemente, essas alterações não estão relacionadas a efeitos tóxicos do extrato.The hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) of Operculina alata (Ham.) Urban is commercialized due to its laxatives and cathartic properties. Despite its large use in traditional medicine, there are few studies about its safety. The effects of the chronic administration of the HAE on hematological and biochemical parameters were investigated. Acute toxicity signs or deaths were not observed, nor alterations on hematological and biochemical parameters, except for a significant increase of the seric levels of glucose, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase and also the decrease of monocytes counts. Although statistically significant, the alterations occurred on the reference values range and, apparently, they were not related to toxic effects of the extract.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Pain and quality of life in patients undergoing radiotherapy for spinal metastatic disease treatment

Background: Radiotherapy is an important tool in the control of pain in patients with spinal metastatic disease. We aimed to evaluate pain and of quality of life of patients with spinal metastatic disease undergoing radiotherapy with supportive treatment. Methods. The study enrolled 30 patients. From January 2008 to January 2010, patients selection included those treated with a 20Gy tumour dose in five fractions. Patients completed the visual analogue scale for pain assessment and the SF-36 questionnaire for quality of life assessment. Results: The most frequent primary sites were breast, multiple myeloma, prostate and lymphoma. It was found that 14 spinal metastatic disease patients (46.66%) had restricted involvement of three or fewer vertebrae, while 16 patients (53.33%) had cases involving more than three vertebrae. The data from the visual analogue scale evaluation of pain showed that the average initial score was 5.7 points, the value 30days after the end of radiotherapy was 4.60 points and the average value 6months after treatment was 4.25 points. Notably, this final value was 25.43% lower than the value from the initial analysis. With regard to the quality of life evaluation, only the values for the functional capability and social aspects categories of the questionnaire showed significant improvement. Conclusion: Radiotherapy with supportive treatment appears to be an important tool for the treatment of pain in patients with spinal metastatic disease. © 2013 Valesin Filho et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd

Brazilian maize genotypes sensitivity to water deficit estimated through a simple crop yield model Sensibilidade de genótipos brasileiros de milho ao deficit hídrico, estimada por um modelo simples de produtividade

The objective of this work was to determine the sensitivity of maize (Zea mays) genotypes to water deficit, using a simple agrometeorological crop yield model. Crop actual yield and agronomic data of 26 genotypes were obtained from the Maize National Assays carried out in ten locations, in four Brazilian states, from 1998 to 2006. Weather information for each experimental location and period were obtained from the closest weather station. Water deficit sensitivity index (Ky) was determined using the crop yield depletion model. Genotypes can be divided into two groups according to their resistance to water deficit. Normal resistance genotypes had Ky ranging from 0.4 to 0.5 in vegetative period, 1.4 to 1.5 in flowering, 0.3 to 0.6 in fruiting, and 0.1 to 0.3 in maturing period, whereas the higher resistance genotypes had lower values, respectively 0.2-0.4, 0.7-1.2, 0.2-0.4, and 0.1-0.2. The general Ky for the total growing season was 2.15 for sensitive genotypes and 1.56 for the resistant ones. Model performance was acceptable to evaluate crop actual yield, whose average errors estimated for each genotype ranged from -5.7% to +5.8%, and whose general mean absolute error was 960 kg ha-1 (10%).<br>O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a sensibilidade de genótipos de milho (Zea mays) ao deficit hídrico, pelo uso de um modelo agrometeorológico simples de estimativa de produtividade. Dados de produtividade real e agronômicos de 26 genótipos foram obtidos dos Ensaios Nacionais de Milho, em dez localidades, em quatro estados brasileiros, entre 1998 e 2006. Os dados meteorológicos, para cada experimento e período, foram obtidos das estações mais próximas de cada local. O índice de sensibilidade ao deficit hídrico (Ky) dos genótipos foi determinado por meio do modelo de depleção da produtividade. Os genótipos de milho podem ser classificados em dois grupos de resistência ao deficit hídrico. Os de resistência normal tiveram Ky entre 0,4 e 0,5 no período vegetativo, 1,4 e 1,5 no florescimento, 0,3 e 0,6 na frutificação, e 0,1 e 0,3 no período de maturação, enquanto os genótipos de maior resistência tiveram, respectivamente, os seguintes valores de Ky: 0,2-0,4; 0,7-1,2; 0,2-0,4; e 0,1-0,2. Em todo o ciclo, o Ky geral foi 2,15 nos genótipos mais sensíveis, e 1,56 nos de maior resistência ao deficit hídrico. O desempenho do modelo foi aceitável para a avaliação da produtividade real, cujos erros médios estimados para cada genótipo variaram de -5,7 a +5,8%, e cujo erro absoluto médio geral foi de 960 kg ha-1 (10%)

Rubus rosaefolius Extract as a Natural Preservative Candidate in Topical Formulations

Even though the synthetic preservatives may offer a high antimicrobial efficacy, they are commonly related to adverse reactions and regarded as having potentially harmful effects caused by chronic consumption. The development of natural preservatives provides a way of reducing the amount of synthetic preservatives normally used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations. In addition, these agents have less toxic effects and represent a possible natural and safer alternative of the preservatives. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the Rubus rosaefolius Smith extract efficiency as a natural preservative in base formulations. Of the extract, 0.2% (w/w) was assayed for its effectiveness of antimicrobial protection in two different base formulations (emulsion and gel). The microbial challenge test was performed following the standard procedures proposed by The United States Pharmacopoeia 33nd, European Pharmacopoeia 6th, Japanese Pharmacopoeia 15th, and the Cosmetics, Toiletries, and Fragrance Association using standardized microorganisms. The results demonstrated that R. rosaefolius extract at the studied concentration reduced the bacterial inocula, satisfying the criterion in all formulations, even though it was not able to present an effective preservative behavior against fungi. Thus, the investigation of new natural substances with preservative properties that could be applied in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products is relevant due to the possibility of substituting or decreasing the concentration of synthetic preservatives, providing a way for the development of safer formulas for the use of consumers