Calidad versus productividad: ¿qué es lo primero?

This document refers to some key factors as competitive, technological and organizational which may affect management decisions involved in determining the sequence of quality or productivity. The objective is to try to close the "implementation gap" by studying successful experiences (taken from real life) of companies that faced and over sacked this challenge, and by characterizing the internal and external circumstances to the companies that determined the order of priority of the implementation. The analysis has both logical and empirical bases, detailed in the cases described. Finally, the choice will depend between the challenges a company faces, the resources , and the time context in which it has actions. In conclusion, it is possible to define the profile of companies and their internal/external environments that allow to define the order of priority between productivity and quality, for this there are several implementation guidelines: the set of product-market characteristics such as the product lifecycle and the degree of product diversity and market growth rate, cost leadership and immediate access of the product.Este documento hace referencia a algunos factores clave como competitivos, tecnológicos y organizacionales que pueden afectar las decisiones de gestión involucradas en la determinación de la secuencia de calidad o productividad. El objetivo es intentar cerrar la "brecha de implementación" estudiando experiencias exitosas (tomadas de la vida real) de empresas que enfrentaron y superaron este desafío, y caracterizando las circunstancias internas y externas de las empresas que determinaron el orden de prioridad de la implementación. El análisis tiene bases tanto lógicas como empíricas, detalladas en los casos descritos. Finalmente, la elección dependerá entre los desafíos que enfrenta una empresa, los recursos y el contexto temporal en el que actúa. En conclusión, es posible definir el perfil de las empresas y sus entornos internos/externos que permitan definir el orden de prioridad entre productividad y calidad, para ello existen varios lineamientos de implementación: el conjunto de características producto-mercado como el producto ciclo de vida y el grado de diversidad del producto y tasa de crecimiento del mercado, liderazgo en costos y acceso inmediato al producto

Study soil analysis in Alamo, Temapache and Veracruz, to generate doses of fertilization in orange

A nivel mundial los cítricos son el principal frutal cultivado, en México la producción de naranja es de gran importancia económica, los principales municipios productores del estado de Veracruz se encuentran Álamo, Papantla, Martínez de la Torre, Tihuatlán, Chicontepec y Temapache. Estas zonas, mantienen un rendimiento promedio bajo en comparación con otros países productores y un factor que puede mejorar los rendimientos es la óptima fertilización la cual tiene que ser respaldada con análisis de suelos para poder definir una dosis. Se realizaron 646 muestreos de suelo a una profundidad de 30 cm, en el municipio de Temapache, Veracruz, mediante un muestreo aleatorio simple, el tamaño de la muestra se adaptó a las condiciones de cada comunidad. Los análisis fueron enviados a dos laboratorios. Se evaluaron el pH, materia orgánica, nitrógeno, fósforo, potasio. Los resultados se analizaron con estadística no paramétrica mediante un análisis de frecuencias para lo que se plantearon diez rangos, se utilizó R stadistic package versión 64 3.2.0. El pH en más del 70% de los suelos fue alcalino, la concentración de materia orgánica solo en el 34.44% se encontró en condiciones adecuadas, los macroelementos se encuentran en condiciones óptimas a excepción del nitrógeno el cual se presentó en niveles bajos

Exploiting the Use of Convolutional Neural Networks for Localization in Indoor Environments

Indoor localization has been an active research area for the last two decades. A great number of sensors have been applied in the task of localization—some with high computational and energy demands (e.g. laser beams), or with issues related to the coverage area, for example, by making use of images obtained by a network of cameras. A different approach, which presents less energy demands and a wide area of coverage, can be created by means of the signal strength of wireless networks. The open issue with signal strength is its high instability due to interferences, attenuation and fading, which, in general, makes the localization systems to present less than desired accuracy. In this article, we exploit the use of Convolutional Neural Networks (ConvNets) in the task of localization. The main motivation behind the employment of ConvNets is its inherent ability of feature extraction, which we believe can deal better with the noise without a filtering step. We evaluate how ConvNets can be employed and identify the best topologies that lead to the lowest errors

Synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyrimidines with immobilized urease: Effect of method immobilization on magnetic supports

The effect of the urease immobilization method was studied on magnetic supports for the Biginelli/Hantzsch reaction. For this purpose, Fe3O4/SiO2 was modified with 3-Aminopropyl-Triethoxysilane and then activated with glutaraldehyde. A ratio of 500 mg of enzyme per gram of support at 4°C and 18 h were sufficient for the physical adsorption, while 24 h were required for covalent bonding. The Biginelli and Hantzsch reactions were used to evaluate urease application in multicomponent reactions (MCRs). The synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyrimidines was successfully performed using immobilized urease favoring the Hantzsch product. The magnetic properties of the supports allow easy separation, and the urease immobilized by both methods improved the enzymatic activity compared to that of free urease.Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicada

ClusT3: Information Invariant Test-Time Training

Deep Learning models have shown remarkable performance in a broad range of vision tasks. However, they are often vulnerable against domain shifts at test-time. Test-time training (TTT) methods have been developed in an attempt to mitigate these vulnerabilities, where a secondary task is solved at training time simultaneously with the main task, to be later used as an self-supervised proxy task at test-time. In this work, we propose a novel unsupervised TTT technique based on the maximization of Mutual Information between multi-scale feature maps and a discrete latent representation, which can be integrated to the standard training as an auxiliary clustering task. Experimental results demonstrate competitive classification performance on different popular test-time adaptation benchmarks

TFS-ViT: Token-Level Feature Stylization for Domain Generalization

Standard deep learning models such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) lack the ability of generalizing to domains which have not been seen during training. This problem is mainly due to the common but often wrong assumption of such models that the source and target data come from the same i.i.d. distribution. Recently, Vision Transformers (ViTs) have shown outstanding performance for a broad range of computer vision tasks. However, very few studies have investigated their ability to generalize to new domains. This paper presents a first Token-level Feature Stylization (TFS-ViT) approach for domain generalization, which improves the performance of ViTs to unseen data by synthesizing new domains. Our approach transforms token features by mixing the normalization statistics of images from different domains. We further improve this approach with a novel strategy for attention-aware stylization, which uses the attention maps of class (CLS) tokens to compute and mix normalization statistics of tokens corresponding to different image regions. The proposed method is flexible to the choice of backbone model and can be easily applied to any ViT-based architecture with a negligible increase in computational complexity. Comprehensive experiments show that our approach is able to achieve state-of-the-art performance on five challenging benchmarks for domain generalization, and demonstrate its ability to deal with different types of domain shifts. The implementation is available at: https://github.com/Mehrdad-Noori/TFS-ViT_Token-level_Feature_Stylization

Ternary hydrotalcites in the multicomponent synthesis of 4H-pyrans

Lamellar double hydroxides (LDH) with double divalent cations were synthesized by the co-precipitation method and studied in the multicomponent synthesis of 4H-pyrans. The solids obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N2 adsorption isotherms, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The XRD patterns confirmed the formation of LDHs in which the incorporation of Ni2+ or Co2+ improves their crystalline and textural properties. The results of catalytic activity showed that the synthesis of 4H-pyrans is favored in solvent-free conditions with the LDH–Ni catalyst, avoiding calcination processes. In addition, it was found that hydrotalcite with double divalent cations can conduct this reaction through multicomponent synthesis or by the Michael addition reaction, which can be performed by different types of basicity that depend on the composition of another divalent cation in the brucite layer or a calcination process.Fil: Nope Vargas, Eliana Rocio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas "Dr. Jorge J. Ronco". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Sathicq, Angel Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas "Dr. Jorge J. Ronco". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Martínez, José J.. Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Rojas, Hugo A.. Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Luque, Rafael. Universidad de Córdoba; EspañaFil: Romanelli, Gustavo Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas "Dr. Jorge J. Ronco". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas; Argentin

Ternary hydrotalcites in the multicomponent synthesis of 4H-pyrans

Lamellar double hydroxides (LDH) with double divalent cations were synthesized by the co-precipitation method and studied in the multicomponent synthesis of 4H-pyrans. The solids obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N2 adsorption isotherms, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The XRD patterns confirmed the formation of LDHs in which the incorporation of Ni2+ or Co2+ improves their crystalline and textural properties. The results of catalytic activity showed that the synthesis of 4H-pyrans is favored in solvent-free conditions with the LDH–Ni catalyst, avoiding calcination processes. In addition, it was found that hydrotalcite with double divalent cations can conduct this reaction through multicomponent synthesis or by the Michael addition reaction, which can be performed by different types of basicity that depend on the composition of another divalent cation in the brucite layer or a calcination process.Fil: Nope Vargas, Eliana Rocio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas "Dr. Jorge J. Ronco". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Sathicq, Angel Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas "Dr. Jorge J. Ronco". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Martínez, José J.. Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Rojas, Hugo A.. Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Luque, Rafael. Universidad de Córdoba; EspañaFil: Romanelli, Gustavo Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas "Dr. Jorge J. Ronco". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas; Argentin

Cómo manejamos las fracturas de las espinas tibiales en el Hospital de San José

Las fracturas de las espinas tibiales son relativamente infrecuentes, se producen generalmente en niños y adolescentes pero la prevalencia en adultos jóvenes está en aumento. La clasificación más utilizada es la de Meyers y McKeever modificada por Zaricznyj. El tratamiento conservador se recomienda para las fracturas tipo I. El tratamiento quirúrgico está indicado para las fracturas tipo II, III y IV. Este tipo de fracturas pueden tratarse mediante reducción abierta y fijación interna con tornillos; sin embargo, realizar la fijación de estas fracturas por vía artroscópica con suturas produce menor morbilidad, garantiza una fijación estable incluso en las fracturas conminutas y evita la necesidad de un segundo procedimiento para retirar el material de osteosíntesis. El objetivo de la presente nota es describir la técnica quirúrgica que venimos empleando en la unidad de Artroscopia y Cirugía de Rodilla del Hospital de San José de Bogotá. Consideramos que esta técnica es reproducible, cómoda y fácil de realizar. Se puede hacer en todos los tipos de fracturas y permite una adecuada reducción y estabilización de las mismas.Tibial eminence fractures are relatively uncommon, usually involve children and adolescents but prevalence in young adults is increasing. The classification used is a Meyers and McKeever modified by Zaricznyj. Conservative treatment is recommended for type I fractures. Surgical treatment is indicated for fractures type II - III and IV. Such fractures can be treated by open reduction and internal fixation with screws, however performing fixation of these fractures with arthroscopic sutures, produces less morbidity, ensures stable fixation, even in comminuted fractures; and avoids the need of second procedures to remove material. The purpose of this Technical Note is to describe the surgical technique we have been using in the unit of Arthroscopy and Knee Surgery at Hospital de San José de Bogotá. We believe that this technique is reproducible, convenient and easy to perform. It can be done on all types of fractures and allows adequate reduction and stabilization thereo