Yrkes- och arbetsplatsinlåsning En empirisk studie av omfattning och hälsokonsekvenser

Locked-in, in the occupation and the working place. An empirical study of prevalence and health consequencies. The aim of the study was to analyze health and working conditions for employees in different employment situations and especially to analyze the consequences of being locked-in, i.e. to be in a non-preferred occupation and/or in a non-preferred working place. The study group was a representative sample from Statistics Sweden's Labour Market Survey 1997 (N= 3812). The response rate was 87 percent. Thirty-six percent of the permanent employed and 62 percent of the temporary employed were in some form of negative employment situation. Those who were in a non-preferred occupation as well as in a non-preferred working-place had small opportunities for development and got weak support from the their superior. They also reported more symptoms like stomach trouble, discomfort and fatigue than the other employment groups. Finally, there is a discussion of the necessity of including labour market as well as employment situation and work environment aspects in studies of work and health. Key words: Locked-in, control, health, employment situation, work environment.Studiens syfte var att analysera konsekvenser av inlåsning, dvs att vara i fel yrke (yrkesinlåsning) och/eller på fel arbetsplats (arbetsplatsinlåsning). Teoretiskt anknyts till begreppen kontroll och kontrollförlust. Undersökningsgruppen kommer från SCB:s arbetskraftundersökning hösten 1997 och består av 3812 personer. Bortfallet var cirka 13 procent. Trettiosex procent av de fast och 62 procent av de tidsbegränsat anställda var i en negativ anställningssituation. Andelen yrkesinlåsta var nästan identisk med resultaten från en studie två år tidigare. Att vara i såväl fel yrke som på fel arbetsplats, var förknippat med reducerade möjligheter att lära nytt och med svagt stöd från chefen liksom med överfrekvens av magbesvär, olust och trötthet och håglöshet. Avslutningsvis diskuteras nödvändigheten av att i stress och hälsostudier beakta såväl arbetsmarknads- som anställnings-, och arbetsmiljöförhållanden

Anställningsformer, arbetsmiljö och hälsa i ett centrum-periferiperspektiv

Forms of employment, work environment and health in to a centre : periphery perspective The aim of the study was to compare and analyse differences in work conditions and health between workers in permanent and temporary employment. The study group was a representative stratified sample from the working Swedish population (n=3812). The results show considerable differences between different subgroups of temporary employed. The working conditions in project and probationary employment are rather similar to those of permanent employment. Workers in vicarious job are in an intermediate position while people on call also show more of health problems. The differences between the employment subgroups are so consistent and of such amplitude that there are reasons to rank them in a centre : periphery structure. Key words: contingent work, temporary employment, health, on call, project employment, vicarious employment, work conditions, work environment.Syftet var att beskriva, jämföra och analysera skillnader i arbetsvillkor och hälsa mellan personer med fast anställning och personer i olika former av tidsbegränsade anställningar. Undersökningsgruppen (n=3812) var ett representativt stratifierat delurval från SCBs arbetskraftsundersökning hösten 1997. Objekt-/projektanställda och provanställda är de anställningsformer där arbetsvillkoren har största likheterna med fast anställda. Vikarier intar en mellanposition medan personer i behovsanställningar har minst av utvecklingsgenererande förhållanden och påtagligt mera hälsobesvär än personer i fasta anställningar och projekt och provanställda. Kvinnor är kraftigt överrepresenterade i denna anställningsform. Skillnaderna mellan de olika anställningsformerna är av den art och omfattning att de utgör underlag för en centrum : periferistruktur

Arbetsmiljö för tidsbegränsat respektive fast anställda 1997

The aim of the study was to compare and analyse differences in work conditions and health between workers in permanent and temporary employment. The study group was a representative stratified sample from the working Swedish population (n=3812).SCB gjorde på uppdrag av Arbetslivsinstitutet en undersökning om reglerad arbetstid, betald och obetald övertid, om man jobbar i det yrke man vill jobba i och om arbetsmiljö för personer med en tidsbegränsad eller en fast anställning. Undersökningsgruppen kommer från SCB:s arbetskraftundersökningar (AKU). I de ordinarie AKU-frågorna finns uppgifter om personliga bakgrundsförhållanden, anställningsform (SSYK-kod), bransch, arbetsgivare etc. Utöver dessa frågor gjordes tillägg av frågor från andra SCB-studier (Arbetsmiljöundersökningen m fl.). Därutöver nykonstruerade frågor med speciell inriktning för tidsbegränsat anställda, t ex. önskat framtidsyrke och arbetsplats, medbestämmande och utbildning, stöd, sjuknärvaro och hälsa

The problem-solving process in physics as observed when engineering students at university level work in groups

The problem-solving process is investigated for five groups of students when solving context-rich problems in an introductory physics course included in an engineering programme. Through transcripts of their conversation, the paths in the problem-solving process have been traced and related to a general problem-solving model. All groups exhibit backward moves to earlier stages in the problem-solving process. These earlier stages are revisited by the groups for identifying sub-problems, setting parameter values or even restating the goal. We interpret this action as coming from the fact that the students have not yet developed a knowledge base and a problem-solving scheme. Connected to the backward moves in the process are opportunities for the group members to build such a knowledge base from contributions and experiences from all group members. Problem contents that induce such moves are identified and can thus be considered by science teachers when constructing problems for group work

Swedish cohort study found that half of the girls with shunted hydrocephalus had precocious or early puberty

Aim: We aimed to evaluate the occurrence of, and risk factors for precocious and early puberty in a retrospective cohort study of girls with shunted infantile hydrocephalus. Methods: The study population comprised 82 girls with infantile hydrocephalus, born between 1980 and 2002, and treated with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Data were available for 39 girls with myelomeningocele and 34 without. Medical records were analysed regarding clinical data and timing of puberty. Precocious and early puberty was defined as the appearance of pubertal signs before 8 years and 0 months and 8 years and 9 months, respectively. Results: Median age at last admission was 15.8 years (range 10.0–18.0). In total, 15 girls (21%) had precocious puberty, and another 21 (29%) had early puberty. Three or more shunt revisions had been performed in 26/36 girls with early or precocious puberty and in 3/37 girls without (p = 0.01). The number of shunt revisions correlated negatively with age at the start of puberty in the girls with myelomeningocele (Spearman's correlation coefficient = −0.512, p = 0.001). Conclusion: Girls with shunted infantile hydrocephalus have a high risk of precocious or early puberty. Repeated shunt revisions seemed to be associated with early puberty

Reuse of steel industry slags in landfill top cover constructions

Godkänd; 2005; 20070520 (ysko

Satiety effects of spinach in mixed meals : comparison with other vegetables

The effects of vegetables in mixed meals on satiety were evaluated by varying the dose (portions 150 and 250 g containing 4.3 and 7.2 g of dietary fibre, respectively) and structure (cut and minced) of microwaved spinach. A control meal without spinach and the test meals with spinach were balanced regarding energy (2000 kJ) and digestible carbohydrates (59 g, 51 E%) and with protein and fat as far as possible similar. The meals were served in the morning, after an overnight fast, to ten healthy male volunteers. Satiety was registered and blood glucose as well as plasma insulin and C-peptide were analysed at regular intervals until 3.5 h postprandially. The largest spinach portions augmented satiety and reduced the postprandial glucose response. The total satiety scores seemed to be correlated positively to both the dietary fibre and the water content in the vegetable. Differences in structure had no influence on satiety scores

Reuse of steel industry slags in landfill top cover constructions

Godkänd; 2005; 20070520 (ysko

Reproductive performance in high-producing dairy cows

Milk yields >10,000 kg/year are common in modern dairy production, owing to improved nutrition, management and genetic gains through use of progeny-tested bulls. However, reproductive performance has decreased worldwide in many cows with a high genetic potential for milk production, particularly in the Holstein breed. Moreover, cow robustness and longevity is also threatened by increasing stress, udder health disturbances and of locomotion disorders. Genetic global misuse of a narrow base of AI sires -including those selected for high milk yield but not consequently for health and reproductive traits- has not only contributed to these undesirable effects on animal health and welfare but, together with sub-optimal management, jeopardized the ethical and economical sustainability of modern dairy farming. This review describes the state-of-the-art of this multifaceted problem and advises on how to ameliorate it, since it is not seen as an unsolvable problem. Use of high-fertility sires, of balanced breeding programs with adequate trait measurements, diet optimization, design of buildings and management systems that best support reproduction as well as cross-breeding; are among short- and medium-term strategies. In a longer perspective, holistic- and trait-orientated research on interrelations between gene regulation of nutrition, lactation and stress is needed; aiming at identifying reliable and cheap markers to be used on-line and on-farm as recorders of genetic traits. Awaiting the full application of juvenile genomic selection, a wider inclusion of functional traits (fertility, health and longevity) and of product quality are mandatory for breeding programs in order to secure acceptable fertility, sustained milk production and the best welfare of dairy cows. Such strategies have proven successful in the Nordic countries and are being increasingly adopted by others