Construction Management and Design-Build/Fast Track Construction From the Perspective of a Generla Contractor

In the accompanying paper a method for blind (i.e., no calibration needed) estimation and compensation of the time errors in a time interleaved ADC system was presented. In this paper we evaluate this method. The Cramer-Rao bound is calculated, both for additive noise and random clock jitter. Monte-Carlo simulations have also been done to compare to the CRB. Finally, the estimation method is validated on measurements from areal time interleaved ADC system with 16 ADCs

Scalar Theory as an example of AdS/QFT

We take a look at the properties of scalar fields in anti--de--Sitter space in five dimensions. More specifically we define bulk--to--boundary and bulk--to--bulk propagators for a five--dimensional scalar field and use these to calculate four--point functions. Finally we take a look at two--point functions and three--point functions and numerically calculate masses, residues and decay constants for the fourdimensional particles coming from the five--dimensional scalar field.Är hela världen, hela universum, endast ett hologram? Sent förra året (2013) publicerade en grupp fysiker sitt resultat från två simuleringar vilket kan vara början på att svara på frågan. Den första räknade ut observabler så som det radiella avståndet till händelsehorisonten, entropi med flera, baserat på strängteori. Den andra simuleringen beräknar en liknande sak fast i ett universum med lägre dimensioner, utan gravitation. Det visar sig att simuleringarnas resultat överlappar, vilket pekar på att de beskriver samma sak. Detta är ett exempel på den så kallade holografiska principen: All information om ett rum i $n$ dimensioner kan helt beskrivas genom att kolla på den $(n-1)$--dimensionella ytan av rummet där, enligt teorin, all information finns bevarad. I slutet av år 1997 kom Juan Maldacena med det som nu kallas \\ "AdS/CFT--korrespondensen" eller "Maldacena's förmodan" (Eng. Maldacena's conjecture) som använder den holografiska principen och relaterar strängteori, en teori i elva dimensioner, till en med färre dimensioner, exempelvis den teori vi använder för att beskriva kvarkar, vilken har endast fyra dimensioner. Detta betyder att man kan använda korrespondensen för att arbeta med samma teori som fysiker har arbetat med länge, och översätta resultaten till strängteori, ett relativt nytt område inom kvantfältteorin. Korrespondensen ses därmed som en av de mest lyckade teorierna inom strängteori för tillfället. Denna avhandling tar en titt på grunderna i teorin, förklarar korrespondensen och använder den för att beräkna observabler av ett skalärt fält och jämföra den fem--dimensionella teorin med en liknande fyr--dimensionell teori

Controlling a Robot with Two Force Sensors in a Lead-Through Programming Scenario

To simplify the programming of industrial robots a method called lead-through programming has been developed where the programmer basically leads the robot using his/her hands. The objective of this thesis has been to see how a safety system (protecting the tool from large forces) for a lead-through programming controller could be achieved by using an extra force sensor mounted at the tool. A modified controller is presented with a description of its implementation, simulations results and test results from running on a real robot

Future acidification of the Baltic Sea - A sensitivity study

Future acidification of coastal seas will depend not only on the development of atmospheric CO2 partial pressure (pCO(2)), but also on changes in the catchment areas, exchange with the adjacent ocean, and internal cycling of carbon and nutrients. Here we use a coupled physical-biogeochemical Baltic Sea model to quantify the sensitivity of pH to changes both in external forcing and internal processes. The experiments include changes in runoff, supply of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (A(T)), nutrient loads, exchange between the Baltic and North Seas, and atmospheric pCO(2). We furthermore address the potential different future developments of runoff and river loads in boreal and continental catchments, respectively. Changes in atmospheric pCO(2) exert the strongest control on future pH according to our calculations. This CO2-induced acidification could be further enhanced in the case of desalination of the Baltic Sea, although increased concentrations of A(T) in the river runoff due to increased weathering to some extent could counteract acidification. Reduced nutrient loads and productivity would reduce the average annual surface water pH but at the same time slightly increase wintertime surface water pH (the annual pH minimum). The response time of surface water pH to sudden changes in atmospheric pCO(2) is approximately one month, whereas response times to changes in e.g. runoff and A(T)/DIC loads are more related to residence times of water and salt (> 30 years). It seems unlikely that the projected future increase in atmospheric pCO(2) and associated pH reduction could be fully counteracted by any of the other processes addressed in our experiments.Peer reviewe

The Juridical Status of Privileged Combatants Under the Geneva Protocol of 1977 Concerning International Conflicts

Centralized control and coordination of the connections in a wireless network is not possible in practice. To keep the delay from measure-ment instants to actuating the decisions, distributed control is required. This paper focuses on the uplink (from mobiles to base stations) and dis-cusses distributing the decision of when and when not to transmit data (distributed scheduling) to the mobiles. The scheme, uplink transmission timing, utilizes mobile transmitter power control feedback from the base station receiver to determine whether the channel is favorable or not compared to the average channel condition. Thereby, the battery consumption and disturbing power to other connections are reduced. The algorithm can be described as a feedback control system. Some transient behaviors are analyzed using systems theory, and supported by wireless network simulations of a system with a WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) radio interface as in most 3G systems

Inert Doublet Model and LEP II Limits

The inert doublet model is a minimal extension of the standard model introducing an additional SU(2) doublet with new scalar particles that could be produced at accelerators. While there exists no LEP II analysis dedicated for these inert scalars, the absence of a signal within searches for supersymmetric neutralinos can be used to constrain the inert doublet model. This translation however requires some care because of the different properties of the inert scalars and the neutralinos. We investigate what restrictions an existing DELPHI collaboration study of neutralino pair production can put on the inert scalars and discuss the result in connection with dark matter. We find that although an important part of the inert doublet model parameter space can be excluded by the LEP II data, the lightest inert particle still constitutes a valid dark matter candidate.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures; v2: published versio

Finger-Joints and Laminated Wood. Final Report for the BFR-project

This report gives an overview and summary of research on wood-adhesive bonds performed during several years in a number of separate studies. These studies concern the mechanical testing, numerical analysis and constitutive modelling of wood-adhesive bonds in timber engineering. Applications such as finger-joints and glued-laminated timber are considered. The experimental studies include the testing of the fracture characteristics of wood-adhesive bonds. The numerical studies relate to the strength of finger-joints and laminated beams.In the experimental studies, the complete stress-displacement response of small specimens, particularly their fracture softening behaviour beyond peak stress, was recorded. A major outcome from the experiments is that wood-adhesive bonds can behave in a fracture-softening manner, and that it is possible to record this under stable conditions.In one of the numerical studies the finite element method was employed to analyse the stress distribution around zones of low stiffness in a laminated beam. A fracture mechanics analysis was also performed of the delamination of a laminated beam. The results show that the often made assumption of a stress redistribution taking place around weak zones is not necessarily true. Another finding is that the delamination of an initially cracked glulam beam tends to be increasingly dominated by mode II failure as the lamination thickness decreases.In another study, also related to finger-joints and laminated beams, the finger-joint failure in a glulam beam was simulated using a nonlinear fictitious crack model with stochastic properties. The results show the proposed approach to be able to account for such phenomena as the size effect and the laminating effect. Another observation is that finger-joint fracture energy, i.e. the ductility, has a major influence on lamination and beam strength. The influence of bondline defects on the tensile strength of a finger-joint was also investigated. It was demonstrated that even a small defect in the form of a glueline void, can have a relatively strong influence on the tensile strength. It was also demonstrated that the strength of finger-joints is largely inuenced by the outermost finger.Finally, an interface model based on damage mechanics is suggested for the modelling of wood-adhesive interfaces. This model accounts for joint dilatation and post-cracking friction. Also, a homogenisation scheme is presented for combining the proposed model with ordinary plasticity models for the adhesive bulk. This homogenisation procedure is based on assumptions regarding the stress and strain gradients typical of thin bondlines