Evaluación comparativa de los protocolos de enrutamiento en WSN de tipo geográfico 2-f-MFR, 2-f-GEDIR, GDSTR, GEAR Y GAF

Ingeniero (a) ElectrónicoPregrad

Brown Fat Paucity Due to Impaired BMP Signaling Induces Compensatory Browning of White Fat

Summary Maintenance of body temperature is essential for survival of homeotherms. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a specialized fat tissue that is dedicated to thermoregulation1. Due to its remarkable capacity to dissipate stored energy and its demonstrated presence in adult humans2-5, BAT holds great promise for the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome1. Rodent data suggest the existence of two types of brown fat cells: the constitutive BAT (cBAT), which is of embryonic origin and anatomically located in the interscapular region of mice, and the recruitable BAT (rBAT) that resides within white adipose tissue (WAT)6 and skeletal muscle7, that has alternatively been called beige8, brite9, or inducible BAT10. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulate the formation and thermogenic activity of BAT10-12. We here provide evidence for a systemically active regulatory mechanism that serves to control whole body BAT-activity for thermoregulation and energy homeostasis. Genetic ablation of type 1A BMP-receptor (Bmpr1A) in brown adipogenic progenitor cells leads to a severe paucity of cBAT. This in turn increases sympathetic input to WAT, thereby promoting the formation of rBAT within white fat depots. This previously unknown compensatory mechanism, aimed at restoring total brown fat-mediated thermogenic capacity in the body, is sufficient to maintain normal temperature homeostasis and resistance to diet-induced obesity. These data suggest an important physiological cross-talk between the constitutive and recruitable brown fat cells. This sophisticated regulatory mechanism of body temperature may participate in the control of energy balance and metabolic disease

Salvemini's antifascist exile in London: attracting the attention of a British audience

In 1925 the Fascist dictatorship forced Gaetano Salvemini to leave Italy and begin a new life in exile. Salvemini understood he could find political and financial support in London to achieve two main aims: to live a decent life as an antifascist exile and fight the Fascist dictatorship from abroad. Thanks to a network encompassing intellectuals, academics, journalists, and politicians, London provided Salvemini with a platform for sharing antifascist stances outside Italy. This essay will develop research on this topic by taking into account Salvemini's conference speeches, articles, books, and essays written while in Britain, from 1925 to 1934. The corpus of the selected texts will show that Salvemini carefully singled out topics that were able to attract the attention of a foreign audience, particularly British public opinion. Therefore, the analysis of Salvemini's intellectual production during this period and the reaction of the press will contribute to cast a new light on his antifascist strategies; in other words, it will lead to a consideration of the extent to which being part of a British intellectual network transformed his approach to the antifascist struggle. Nel 1925, a causa della dittatura fascista, Salvemini fu costretto a lasciare l'Italia e a iniziare una nuova vita in esilio. Capì che poteva ottenere sostegno politico ed economico a Londra, per raggiungere due obiettivi principali: condurre una vita onesta e combattere la dittatura fascista dall'estero. Grazie a una rete formata da intellettuali, accademici, giornalisti e politici, Londra offrì a Salvemini la possibilità di far sentire la sua voce e portare l'antifascismo alla ribalta oltre i confini italiani. Questo saggio sviluppa ulteriormente la ricerca su questo argomento prendendo in esame la produzione scritta di Salvemini durante la sua permanenza in Gran Bretagna, ossia tra il 1925 e il 1934. I testi selezionati dimostrano che Salvemini si concentrò su alcune tematiche che considerava rilevanti e in grado di suscitare l'interesse dell'opinione pubblica britannica. Di conseguenza, l'analisi della produzione di Salvemini in questo periodo e la reazione della stampa intende offrire un contributo alla comprensione delle sue strategie antifasciste; in altre parole, porta a considerare la misura in cui l'essere parte di una rete intellettuale britannica trasformò l'approccio di Salvemini alla lotta antifascista

Visualizing interactions between company fundamentals, traditional news and social media through features engineering

We combined sentiment signals coming from traditional news media, Twits and corporates fundamentals in order to predict monthly stock returns for S&P500 companies. We implemented features engineering layers at the top of these signals, with the intent of modeling the decision process of investors that operate within the stock market. We approached the problem as a classification task based on a Random Forest classifier. Through our research we managed to obtain a Receiver Operating CharacteristicArea Under the Curve (Roc Auc) of 0.7949 and an Accuracy Score of 0.8126 over the monthly returns in the next five days after the last training date, results in opposition with the underlying assumptions of Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH). In addition to classification metrics, we proposed a consistent methodology for evaluating features importance in time series forecasting tasks based on Shap values, highlighting how the distribution of sentiment signals among companies with similar fundamentals accounts for a remarkable impact on monthly returns

Tissue Triage and Freezing for Models of Skeletal Muscle Disease

Skeletal muscle is a unique tissue because of its structure and function, which requires specific protocols for tissue collection to obtain optimal results from functional, cellular, molecular, and pathological evaluations. Due to the subtlety of some pathological abnormalities seen in congenital muscle disorders and the potential for fixation to interfere with the recognition of these features, pathological evaluation of frozen muscle is preferable to fixed muscle when evaluating skeletal muscle for congenital muscle disease. Additionally, the potential to produce severe freezing artifacts in muscle requires specific precautions when freezing skeletal muscle for histological examination that are not commonly used when freezing other tissues. This manuscript describes a protocol for rapid freezing of skeletal muscle using isopentane (2-methylbutane) cooled with liquid nitrogen to preserve optimal skeletal muscle morphology. This procedure is also effective for freezing tissue intended for genetic or protein expression studies. Furthermore, we have integrated our freezing protocol into a broader procedure that also describes preferred methods for the short term triage of tissue for (1) single fiber functional studies and (2) myoblast cell culture, with a focus on the minimum effort necessary to collect tissue and transport it to specialized research or reference labs to complete these studies. Overall, this manuscript provides an outline of how fresh tissue can be effectively distributed for a variety of phenotypic studies and thereby provides standard operating procedures (SOPs) for pathological studies related to congenital muscle disease

Application of NMR microscopy to the morphological study of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, during its metamorphosis.

Zero (ZQ) and double (DQ) quantum 2D chemical shift selective and spin- echo 3D NMR imaging at microscopy resolution, has been applied to the morphological study of silkworm, Bombyx mori, during its metamorphosis. Attention has been focused on the evolution of the internal structure of the insect during its postembryonal life occurring through the larval, pupal and adult development. A major objective of this work was the characterization of the silk glands, responsible for synthesis and secretion of fibroin and sericin, through the changes of distribution and mobility of water, by imaging the water protons during postembryonal life stages. Moreover, alanine deriving from silk gland proteins was imaged during the last life stage of Bombyx mori

Un vistazo panorámico

Ezequiel Rojas y la primera república liberal. Gustavo Humberto Rodríguez. Universidad Externado de Colombia, Bogotá, 1984, 331 págs

Second Documented Record Of The Rufous-fronted Antthrush, Formicarius Rufifrons (aves: Formicariidae), In Brazil

We present the second documented record of the Rufous-fronted Antthrush Formicarius rufifrons Blake, 1957 in Brazil. The record was made in Ramal do Riozinho do Rola, 45 km north of Rio Branco municipality, Acre state. The recordings were deposited in the archives of Xeno-canto and Wikiaves. Our record represents a distribution extension of 247 km northeast of the closest known location. © 2016 Check List and Authors.12