A Systematic Packet Forwarding Approach for Overlapped Hetero Cooperative Sensor Network

Due to the limitation of energy and network lifetime, the routing protocols of wireless sensor network (WSN) must minimize energy consumption and thus extend the network lifetime. Systematic packet forwarding approach is the genuine classical routing protocol in WSN. A heterogeneous characteristics is introduced whileforwarding packet to the next node. During data transmission, we are using cooperative category routing to communicate with the sink node, so that it can utilize energy more effectively and evenly. By analysing the disadvantage of previous routing approach, this paper proposes an improved Systematic packet forwarding approach. The improved routing system can reduce energy consumption and thus prolong the network lifetime. In order to provide energy reduction concept to the improved routing system , this paper introduces energy pool it acts as a mediator for to control overall energy required for communication

Channel encoding system for transmitting image over wireless network

Various encoding schemes have been introduced till date focusing on an effective image transmission scheme in presence of error-prone artifacts in wireless communication channel. Review of existing schemes of channel encoding systems infer that they are mostly inclined on compression scheme and less over problems of superior retention of signal retention as they lacks an essential consideration of network states. Therefore, the proposed manuscript introduces a cost effective lossless encoding scheme which ensures resilient transmission of different forms of images. Adopting an analytical research methodology, the modeling has been carried out to ensure that a novel series of encoding operation be performed over an image followed by an effective indexing mechanism. The study outcome confirms that proposed system outshines existing encoding schemes in every respect

Treatment of subtrochanteric fracture femur by open reduction and internal fixation by long proximal femoral nailing

Background: Subtrochanteric fractures are devasting injuries that most commonly affect the elderly population and also in young.Methods: This is a prospective study of 20 cases of subtrochanteric fracture admitted to KIMS, Huballi between November 2008 to August 2010 treated with left proximal femoral nail (LPFN) by open method. Cases were taken according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, i.e., fresh subtrochanteric fracture in adults. Pathologic fractures, multiple fractures, fractures in children, old neglected fractures were excluded from the study. Objectives of this study were to study subtrochanteric fractures and to determine effectiveness of LPFN in tretment of subtrochanteric fractures by open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF).Results: In our study of 20 cases, there were 16 male and 4 female patients with age ranging from 17 years to 75 years with most patients in between 21-40 years. 65% of the cases admitted were road traffic accidents, 25% due to fall from height and 10% due to trivial fall with right side being more common side affected. Russell and Taylor type IA fracture accounted for 40% of cases. Mean duration of hospital stay was 24 days and mean time of full weight bearing was 14 weeks in our patients. Good to excellent results were seen in 85% of cases in our study.Conclusions: Subtrochanteric fractures of femur can be successfully treated by ORIF by LPFN resulting in proper anatomical reduction and hence alignment and high rate of bone union

A CASE REPORT OF SHADBINDU TAILA NASYA AND TRIKATU DHOOMAPANA ON APEENASA-ATROPHIC RHINITIS

Acharya Sushruta stated 28 Nasagata rogas. Out of these 28 Nasagata rogas some features of Pootinashya, Dushtha Pratishyaya and Apeenasa are similar to the clinical features of Atrophic Rhinitis (AR). Apeenasa is a Nasagata Roga characterized by nasal obstruction, running nose, Dryness of nose, anosmia, and loss of taste. This condition can be co-related with Atrophic Rhinitis. Though there are many modalities described in modern ENT, still it is not possible to cease the Permanent Impairment. In Ayurved many modalities are being described for Urdhwajatrugata Rogas and for Nasagata Vikara. Among them Nasya (administered of drugs in to nasal cavity) is best. As it is a Kapha Pradhana Vikara, Katu Dhoomapana can also be added to this procedure. The Nashya procedure is explained by Brihatrayees. The complete procedure of Nashya includes Poorva Karma (Snehana and Swedana), mobilizes the Doshas to the site of elimination and causes vasodilatation which helps in elimination of Doshas and provides better channel for absorption of the Oushadhi. Pradhana Karma (Nashya) eliminates the Doshas. Kavala as Paschat Karma eliminates the remaining Doshas and causes better absorption of the Oushadhi which ultimately eliminates the symptoms of the disease. A clinical observation has shown effective result in the treatment of AR with Shadbindu Taila Nasya and Trikatu Dhoomapana. And here we are revalidating the statement of our Acharyas. A case report of a female, aged 38 years with complain of nasal obstruction, foul smell from nose, anosmia, headache, nasal discharge, sneezing and general weakness has been presented here

Cross-Project Fault Prediction using Artificial Intelligence

Software defect prediction project focuses on finding errors or flaws in software and aiming to improve accuracy which gives evolution batch with detectable results while adding to modern outcomes and advancement liability foretelling defective code regions can assist initiators with recognizing bugs and arrange their test activities. The percentage of groups providing the legitimate foretelling is fundamental for early identification

Efficient Circuit Configuration to Reduce Comparator Requirement of 8-Bit Flash Analog to Digital Convertor

Need constantly exists for converters with higher resolution, faster conversion speed and lower power dissipation. High-speed analog to digital converters (ADC’s) have been based on flash architecture, because all comparators sample the analog input voltage simultaneously, this ADC is thus inherently fast. Unfortunately, flash ADC requires 2N - 1 comparators to convert N bit digital code from an analog sample. This makes flash ADC’s unsuitable for high-resolution applications. This paper demonstrates a simple technique to reduce comparator requirement of 8-bit flash ADC that requires as few as 65 comparators for 8-bit conversion. In this approach, the analog input range is partitioned into 64 quantization cells, separated by 63 boundary points. A 6-bit binary code 000000 to 111111 is assigned to each cell. A 8-bit flash converter requires 256 comparators, while proposed technique reduces number of comparator requirements to 65 for 8-bit conversion. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150711

DIABETIC RETINOPATHY AND ITS INTERPRETATIONS THROUGH AYURVED

Chaksyu is the Pradhana-anga that is affected in Diabetic retinopathy. So the Netra Rakshana is highly essential for the human being in Diabetic retinopathy. Now-a-Days Diabetic retinopathy is a major vision threatening factor. The prevalence rates are; Diabetic retinopathy (34.6%), Proliferative Diabetic retinopathy (7%), diabetic macular oedema (6.8%) and Vision threatening Diabetic retinopathy (10.2%). To treat the disease we need to know the level of impairment, the signs and its etiopathology. In Ayurved it is very important to know the Samprapti before treating the disease. Now-a-days Pratyaksha gyana plays a vital role to trace out the disease. Complain of the patient, sign and symptom of the disease along with the pathogenesis is necessary to diagnose and to treat the disease. The features occurs in the fundus in Diabetic retinopathy cannot visualize by Pratyaksha, explained in classical literatures. Many ophthalmic investigations, procedures have been developed so far like fundoscopy, OCT, B’scan, fluorescent test etc. to detect the pathology occurred in the fundus of Diabetic retinopathy eyes. So it is very important for all Shalaki is to correlate the disease, to derive a conclusion according to the Ayurvedic Samprapti/ pathogenesis and terminology described in classical literatures. By analyzing the Samprapti of the disease we can conclude that, the pathology occurred in fundus are most probably due to the Dhatu-kshaya janya, Urdhwaga-raktapittaja, Mandagni janya and Avarana janya. Diabetic retinopathy can be correlated with Pramehaja Timira and its treatment is the treatment of Prameha explained in classics having Chakshushya property

Facial Skin Disease Detection using Image Processing

Busy lifestyle, modernization, increasing pollution and unhealthy diet have led to problems which people are neglecting. Not drinking enough water, stress and hormonal changes are causing problems to skin. Causes may be situational or genetic. Few skin conditions are minor while others can be life-threatening. The skin is the largest organ of the body and is composed of water, proteins, fats and minerals. Problems appear on outer layer of the skin that is epidermis. Skin diseases are considered to be the fourth most common cause of human illness. Skin diseases are observed to increase with age and were seen frequently in both men and women. Skin disorders can be temporary or permanent. Skin diseases have an impact on individual, family and social life caused by inadequate self-treatment which may also induce psychological problems. In recent years, use of computer technologies is becoming practically universal for both personal and professional issues. Facial skin problem identification and recognition has evolved to a great extent over the years. Detection of skin diseases is done using Convolution Neural Network (CNN) and image processing methods. CNN yields better performance in terms of accuracy, precision and results than the existing conventional methods. Image processing uses digital computer to process the images through an algorithm. We focus on features like skin tone, skin texture and color. We present a brief review about various facial skin problems providing more insight about the effective models and algorithms used

Cocoa Care - An Android Application for Cocoa Disease Identification

India is an agricultural country. The correct and timely identification of diseases in crops is very much essential in agriculture. To obtain more valuable products, a product quality control is basically mandatory. Cocoa is an economically important crop that nowadays enlarges its production in southern India. To assist the farmers growing cocoa, we developed an android application Cocoa-Care. This application automatically identifies the diseases of cocoa crops, thereby helps the farmers who have little or no information about the disease. This application is developed by applying digital image processing techniques on the diseased cocoa images. Our approach replaces the manual disease inspection by the android application that identifies the cocoa disease from the captured image and suggests the possible remedies for the farmer. We used moment based texture features for the image representation and description. The matching is performed by nearest neighbor classifier. The results obtained are promising and this application can be used in the real time