Clinical presentation of abdominal tuberculosis in HIV seronegative adults

BACKGROUND: The accurate diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis usually takes a long time and requires a high index of suspicion in clinic practice. Eighty-eight immune-competent patients with abdominal tuberculosis were grouped according to symptoms at presentation and followed prospectively in order to investigate the effect of symptomatic presentation on clinical diagnosis and prognosis. METHODS: Based upon the clinical presentation, the patients were divided into groups such as non-specific abdominal pain & less prominent in bowel habit, ascites, alteration in bowel habit, acute abdomen and others. Demographic, clinical and laboratory features, coexistence of pulmonary tuberculosis, diagnostic procedures, definitive diagnostic tests, need for surgical therapy, and response to treatment were assessed in each group. RESULTS: According to clinical presentation, five groups were constituted as non-specific abdominal pain (n = 24), ascites (n = 24), bowel habit alteration (n = 22), acute abdomen (n = 9) and others (n = 9). Patients presenting with acute abdomen had significantly higher white blood cell counts (p = 0.002) and abnormalities in abdominal plain radiographs (p = 0.014). Patients presenting with alteration in bowel habit were younger (p = 0.048). The frequency of colonoscopic abnormalities (7.5%), and need for therapeutic surgery (12.5%) were lower in patients with ascites, (p = 0.04) and (p = 0.001), respectively. There was no difference in gender, disease duration, diagnostic modalities, response to treatment, period to initial response, and mortality between groups (p > 0.05). Gastrointestinal tract alone was the most frequently involved part (38.5%), and this was associated with acid-fast bacteria in the sputum (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Gastrointestinal tract involvement is frequent in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Although different clinical presentations of patients with abdominal tuberculosis determine diagnostic work up and need for therapeutic surgery, evidence based diagnosis and consequences of the disease does not change

Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation

The Inhibition Effects of Methionine on Corrosion Behavior of Copper in 3.5% NaCl Solution at pH=8.5

WOS: 000326716200025The inhibition effect of methionine on the corrosion behaviour of copper was investigated in 3.5% NaCl solution with and without methionine. For this purpose, potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques were used. The surface morphology of the metal surface after exposed to corrosive medium was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of temperature has also studied in the temperature range from 298 K to 328 K. The effect of temperature has also studied in the temperature range from 298 K to 328 K. Some thermodynamic parameters were calculated and discussed. It was found that, methionine could inhibit the corrosion of copper in 3.5% NaCl solution. Methionine as a organic corrosion inhibitor for copper, and physically adsorbed molecules forming a protective film. Inhibition efficiency increases with decreasing methionine concentration and behaves as a mixed-type inhibitor.Cukurova UniversityCukurova University [FEF2010 YL51]The authors are greatly thankful to Cukurova University Research Found for financial support (project number of FEF2010 YL51)

Successful anesthetic and airway management in Coffin-Siris syndrome with congenital heart disease: Case report

Introduction: Coffin-Siris Syndrome (CSS) is a rare congenital malformation syndrome characterized with mild to severe developmental and cognitive delay, coarse facial features, fifth digit aplasia or hypoplasia associated with ectodermal, constitutional and organ-related (cardiac/neurolo gical/gastrointestinal/genitourinary...) anomalies. Here, we have reported a successful anesthetic and airway management in a case of 5-year old boy with CSS who underwent congenital heart surgery. Case report: A 5-year old male child weighing 14 kg, who was diagnosed as CSS underwent operation for the repair of partial atrioventricular septal defect and secundum atrial septal defect. This case report pertains to the successful anesthetic and airway management in the background of difficult airway and presence of various cardiac abnormalities. Although patient was anticipated to be difficult for intubation due to laryngomalacia, micrognathia, macroglossia, tracheal intubation was performed without any difficulty using fiber-optic laryngoscopy. At the end of the operation, the patient was transferred to the cardiovascular intensive care unit and was extubated when his spontaneous breathing was satisfactory 4 h later after the operation without any complication. Results and discussion: CSS often requires surgery and anesthetic intervention. The abnormal facial and airway as well as mental related features may lead intubation difficult, potentially due to short neck, large tongue and lips, poor dentition and poor communication. Thinking that the practicing anesthetist needs to have appropriate knowledge for this entity and the equipment for managing difficult airway should readily be available. One of these patients which successfully managed without any complication was described in this brief report. (C) 2016 Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Egyptian Society of Anesthesiologists

Ege Üniversitesi hastanesi veri tabanında kayıtlı erişkin akut lösemi olgularının epidemiyolojik ve genel sağkalım özelliklerinin retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmesi

Amaç: Akut lösemi/lenfoma ve myeloid sarkom, hematopoietik prekürsör hücrelerden gelişen klonal neoplastik proliferasyonlardır. Bu çalışmada, olgularının epidemiyolojik analizlerinin yapılması, global sonuçlarla karşılaştırılarak değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Ege Üniversitesi Kanserle Savaş Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi veri tabanına kayıtlı, 1992-2017 yıllarında akut lösemi/lenfoma ve myeloid sarkom tanısı alan 2.046 erişkin olgu retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Olguların %58’i erkek olup; ortalama tanı yaşı 50,62, medyan tanı yaşı ise 52 idi. En sık (%62,5) akut myeloid lösemi (AML) izlendi. Olguların %95,8’i lösemik prezentasyon göstermekteydi. Sınıflandırılamayan lenfoblastik lösemi (ALL) olguları yıllara göre azalırken, diğer gruplarda yıllara göre lösemi tanısında artış dikkatimizi çekti. Çocukluk yaş grubunda daha sık karşımıza çıkan ALL olgularında yaş arttıkça görülme oranlarının azaldığı, hücre dizisi belirsiz akut lösemi olgularında ise yaş arttıkça görülme oranlarının da arttığı saptandı. AML ve tüm lösemi olguları ise en çok 40-64 yaş aralığında yer almaktaydı. Akut lösemi olgularında 1, 5, 10 ve 25 yıllık sağkalım sırasıyla %55,7, %29, %23 ve %15 olarak bulundu. Ayrıca sağkalım 18-39 yaş grubunda %52,3, 40-64 yaş grubunda %35,3, 65 yaş ve üstü grupta %20,9 idi. Sonuç: Cinsiyet ve sağkalım arasında bir fark saptanmaz iken, lösemik prezentasyon gösterenlerde, tedavi almayan olgularda ve yaş arttıkça sağkalım daha kısa bulunmuş ve istatistiksel olarak da anlamlı saptanmıştır. Prognozda, histolojik tip, yaş ve tedavi bizim çalışmamızda da öne çıkan önemli parametrelerdendir.Aim: Acute leukemia/lymphoma and myeloid sarcoma originated from hematopoietic precursor cells are clonal neoplastic proliferations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological analysis of patients and compare them to global findings. Materials and Methods: The data, including 2,046 adult patients diagnosed as acute leukemia/lymphoma, and myeloid sarcoma recorded at Ege University Cancer Control and Research Center, within 1992-2017, were evaluated retrospectively. Results: Of the patients, 58% was male; the mean age was 50.62, the median age was 52. The most common type of leukemia (62.5%) was acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Leukemic presentation was seen in 95.8% of the patients. While the non-specified type of lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) decreased in years, the diagnosis of leukemia in other groups increased in years. It was found that the incidence of ALL, which are more common in the pediatric age, decreased with age, and the incidence of acute leukemia with ambiguous lineage increased with age. Most of the AML and all leukemia patients were in the age range of 40-64. Overall survival for 1, 5, 10, and 25-year in patients with acute leukemia were 55.7%, 29%, 23%, and 15%, respectively. In addition, it was 52.3% in the 18-39 age range, 35.3% in the 40-64 age range, and 20.9% in the 65 age and over. Conclusion: While there was no significant difference between gender and survival, leukemic presentation, untreatment and older age was statistically significantly correlated with poor overall survival. Histologic type, age, and treatment of the disease were found to be among the most important prognostic parameters in our stud

Monitorization of the effects of spinal anaesthesia on cerebral oxygen saturation in elder patients using near-infrared spectroscopy

OBJECTIVE: Central blockage provided by spinal anaesthesia enables realization of many surgical procedures, whereas hemodynamic and respiratory changes influence systemic oxygen delivery leading to the potential development of series of problems such as cerebral ischemia, myocardial infarction and acute renal failure. This study was intended to detect potentially adverse effects of hemodynamic and respiratory changes on systemic oxygen delivery using cerebral oxymetric methods in patients who underwent spinal anaesthesia. METHODS: Twenty-five ASA I-II Group patients aged 65-80 years scheduled for unilateral inguinal hernia repair under spinal anaesthesia were included in the study. Following standard monitorization baseline cerebral oxygen levels were measured using cerebral oximetric methods. Standardized Mini Mental Test (SMMT) was applied before and after the operation so as to determine the level of cognitive functioning of the cases. Using a standard technique and equal amounts of a local anaesthetic drug (15 mg bupivacaine 5%) intratechal blockade was performed. Mean blood pressure (MBP), maximum heart rate (MHR), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and cerebral oxygen levels (rSO2) were preoperatively monitored for 60 min. Pre- and postoperative haemoglobin levels were measured. The variations in data obtained and their correlations with the cerebral oxygen levels were investigated. RESULTS: Significant changes in pre- and postoperative measurements of haemoglobin levels and SMMT scores and intraoperative SpO2 levels were not observed. However, significant variations were observed in intraoperative MBP, MHR and rSO2 levels. Besides, a correlation between variations in rSO2, MBP and MHR was determined. CONCLUSION: Evaluation of the data obtained in the study demonstrated that post-spinal decline in blood pressure and also heart rate decreases systemic oxygen delivery and adversely effects cerebral oxygen levels. However, this downward change did not result in deterioration of cognitive functioning

O efeito da "sedação multifásica" no exame de tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética em crianças, pais e anestesiologistas

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O nosso objetivo foi investigar o efeito da "sedação multifásica" em crianças submetidas à Tomografia Computadorizada (TC) ou Ressonância Magnética (RM), em seus pais e nos anestesiologistas responsáveis. "Sedação multifásica" foi definida como "o nível de sedação pretendido obtido com um ou mais agentes através da mesma via ou vias diferentes com mais de uma administração". MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Cem crianças e seus respectivos pais foram randomicamente designados para um dos dois grupos de estudo. Na fase 1, os pacientes do Grupo I receberam midazolam (0,5 mg.kg-1) em 5 mL de suco de frutas e os pacientes do Grupo II (grupo controle) receberam apenas suco de frutas. Na fase 2, após a canulação intravenosa (iv), bolus de propofol foi administrado para alcançar a sedação adequada para realização do exame de imagem. Os escores de ansiedade das crianças e de seus pais foram registrados usando a escala de Oucher e o IDATE, respectivamente, e a satisfação dos pais foi avaliada pela escala analógica visual (EAV). O número de tentativas para canulação iv, tempo de preparação e quantidade de hipnóticos foram registrados. RESULTADOS: O estado de ansiedade das crianças foi semelhante entre os grupos antes da pré-medicação, porém mais tarde esse nível foi menor no Grupo I. Antes do procedimento, o escore dos pais no IDATE foi semelhante, mas depois foi menor no Grupo I. A satisfação dos pais no Grupo I foi maior que no Grupo II. O número de tentativas de canulação iv e a dose necessária de propofol foi menor no Grupo I. CONCLUSÃO: O procedimento de "sedação multifásica" diminui a dor e a ansiedade das crianças e a ansiedade dos pais, aumentando a sua satisfação. Ele fornece uma sedação confortável e segura, pois possui um processo de preparação curto e sem problemas também para o anestesiologista responsável