End stage renal disease patients on haemodialysis profiled epidemiologically at medical college of sub-Himalayan region of India

Background: Mostly, end organ damage becomes the reason for morbidity and mortality among patients with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) due their chronicity. Derangement of renal function along with brain and heart damage are considered to be a significant problem of NCDs. The objectives of this study were on this background of end stage renal disease (ESRD) as a common complication for common NCDs, present study was planned to study the distribution of responsible NCDs.Methods: Over three-year period, all the cases reported GFR <15ml/min/1.73m2 were studied.Results: Total 100 patients (male:65) were studied with mean age of 51.0±13.0 years. Diabetes mellitus (38.0%), hypertension (28.0%), and glomerulonephritis (16.0%) were three leading cause for ESRD. Idiopathic cause was observed among 12.0% patients. Fifteen percent patients could not survive.Conclusions: NCDs mainly diabetes mellitus and hypertension observed to be most common cause for ESRD

In-situ observation and transport modelling of arsenic in Gangetic plain, India

The focus of this study is to investigate the arsenic movement and impacts on the residual concentrations on groundwater pollution load. The Gangetic plain area in the Ballia, Uttar Pradesh is selected as study area, which is also reported to extreme arsenic pollution in soil-water system. A modelling approach is developed to assess the arsenic flux in partially saturated zone using data of soil texture, soil hydraulic properties and stratigraphy. Soil type, slope, and land-use cover is considered for estimating the transient flux at the top boundary from daily precipitation and evapotranspiration data of the study area. Solute transport in the subsurface is predicted by the mass transfer equation, which is derived by integrating Darcy\u27s law with the equation of mass balance. The arsenic profiles of varying hydrogeological conditions associated with different locations in the study area are presented as breakthrough curves. The results shows that the arsenic transport is dominated by the advective flux and strongly depends on the soilmoisture flow conditions. Which may increases the arsenic load to underlaying groundwater resources. The simulated results suggest that mobility plays a vital role arsenic transport as well as on adsorbed arsenic concentration in subsurface. Likewise, the adsorption isotherms show that the high peak curve for Bairai and low at Sikarderpur. A higher pollution risk is observed in the Belthara Road, whereas a lower vulnerability is computed in the north and northeast regions. This study can help in strategising sustainable groundwater management and protection planning of identified regions of India

Assessment of LNAPL in subsurface under fluctuating groundwater table using 2D sand tank experiments

The focus of this study was to investigate the fate and transport of toluene, a light nonaqueous-phase liquids (LNAPLs) in the subsurface region under dynamic groundwater table conditions. A series of experiments were conducted using two-dimensional (2D) sand tank setup having dimensions 125×90×10  cm 125×90×10  cm (L×H×W L×H×W ) and integrated with an auxiliary column of inner diameter 14 cm and height 120 cm. Initially, a steady-state flow and LNAPL transport experiment was conducted under stable groundwater table condition. Thereafter, three groundwater table fluctuation experiments were conducted on a rising and falling groundwater table in 2, 4, and 8 h to maintain rapid, general, and slow fluctuation conditions, respectively. The pure phase of toluene was injected at a rate of 1  mL/min 1  mL/min for a total duration of 5 min. Soil-water and soil-vapor samples were periodically collected and analyzed for toluene concentrations. Later, the representation of the 2D sand tank setup was numerically simulated to obtain the response of flow and the LNAPL transport under varying groundwater table conditions. Analysis of the results shows that a large LNAPL pool area (250  cm 2 250  cm2 ) develops under rapidly fluctuating groundwater conditions, which significantly enhances the dissolution rate and contributes to a high concentration of dissolved LNAPLs at the receiving receptors. Estimated values of Sherwood and Peclet numbers show that the dissolution rates were highly affected by groundwater table dynamics, which may cause loss of pure-phase pollutant mass around the pollutant source. The concentration isolines of toluene show that the transport of dissolved LNAPL plumes was also comparatively fast in the case of rapidly fluctuating groundwater. A high biodegradation rate was observed in plume regions having concentration ranges of 140–160 ppm, while it decreases in plume regions having very high (>160  ppm >160  ppm ) and low concentrations (<140  ppm <140  ppm ) of dissolved LNAPL. In the sand tank, microbial growth was found to increase as the plume moved away from the LNAPL pool toward a low gradient, which intensifies the detrimental impact of toluene on the survival of indigenous microorganisms near the LNAPL pool. The results of this study may help in implementing effective remediation techniques to decontaminate LNAPL polluted sites under fluctuating groundwater table conditions, especially in (semi)-arid coastal aquifers

SOA-Based Distributed System in Online Transaction Processing

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) with transactional workflow support is a state- of- the- art architectural style for constructing enterprise application. In this research, rate of progress activities raise distributed service in a coordinated manner, using transaction context propagating message, coordination protocol and compensation logic. We reviewed the past, present and future of transaction processing and transaction integrity. Most of the challenges and requirement that led to the development and evolution of transaction processing system are still applicable today and recently, we have some intriguing developments. We take an explorative approach to probe the theoretical and implementational feasibility of managing transaction in the web service world

Put-Call Parity in Indian Stock Markets post Turmoil Settlement

Purpose of the article: Put and call prices have a deterministic relationship for identical options irrespective of the investor dmand. The theoretical put-call parity (PCP) relationship may be analysed to explore the arbitrage opportunity and determine the extent of market efficiency. We have studied the violation of this relationship using a case of options traded on the National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) on various parameters including Moneyness, arbitrage differential, and time to maturity and trade volumes. Methodology/methods: We use regression models with dummy variables on one-year sample data (Jan-Dec 2017) of the NSE Nifty Call and Put options to examine the existence of arbitrage indicating the inefficiency of market particularly the illiquidity factor. In the selected period (turmoil settlement), the relative volatility is low and it is worth testing the PCP. Scientific aim: The aim of this research is to improve the knowledge on market efficiency in developing markets highlighting the role of major market participants. Findings: We have found that the violation of the put-call parity relationship in a large number of cases occurred even during the post turmoil settlement period. Arbitrage profits are found to be significant for deeply in-the-money and deeply out-of-the money options though the differentials are not significantly affected by the increase or decrease in time to maturity and liquidity indicating a direct relationship. Also, the gap between the spot price and the strike price of the Nifty index options is directly proportional to the arbitrage profit. Conclusions: We have established that in options markets, significant arbitrage opportunities exist violating the Put-Call parity relationship even in the times of low volatility and relatively higher trade volumes. For the policymakers, the immediate concern is to improve the market competitiveness

Analysis of maternal mortality in a tertiary care hospital of a metropolitan city

Introduction:&nbsp;In developing countries like India, maternal mortality ratio is still very high. Current study is an attempt to analyze maternal mortality and its determinants in a tertiary care hospital where highest quality of medical care is provided.&nbsp;Methods:&nbsp;It was a retrospective study. Five years data from January 2004 to December 2008 was reviewed from medical record department of tertiary care hospital in Mumbai. Fisher’s exact test was applied; Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated. SPSS Version 16.0 was used to analyse data.&nbsp;Result:&nbsp;Maternal mortality ratio was 68.4 per one lakh live births. Major cause of maternal mortality observed was haemorrhage. Multigravida, Age above 30 years and lack of antenatal check-up were significantly associated with higher risk of maternal mortality.&nbsp;Conclusion:&nbsp;Maternal mortality is still high even in a tertiary care centre as compared to MMR (Maternal Mortality Ratio) in developed countries. Timely monitoring/ management during antenatal and intra-natal period would substantially reduce maternal mortality

Breech presentation and neonatal fracture shaft femur – A rare case presentation

The breech extraction of the fetus through the vagina has a greater risk of hip fracture compared with the extraction by abdominalroute. A 2980 g male infant was delivered at 39 weeks by elective cesarean section for breech presentation. The newborn sustaineda fracture of the right femur. A simple immobilization of the limb in extension led to a complete healing of the fracture withoutsequelae. This case highlights that fact that cesarean delivery reduces the risk of causing a traumatic injury of the newborn comparedto vaginal delivery; especially, with breech presentation but does not eliminate this possible accidental complication

EFFICIENT SCALE INVARIENT FEATURE BASED METHOD FOR CROWD LOCALIZATION

Visual surveillance has been a very active research topic in the last few decade due to growing importance for security in the public areas. With the increasing number of CCTV networks in public areas, the enhancement in the computing power of modern computers and increase the possibility to entrust an automatic system with the security and the monitoring of events involving large crowds is within reach. Crowd detection and localization in the surveillance video is the first step in automatic crowd monitoring system. The performance of the whole system depends on this step. Detecting the crowd is a challenging task because the crowds come in different shape, size and color, against cluttered background and varying illumination conditions. As the size of the crowd increases managing the crowd becomes more complex

Comparison of dietary agents’ garlic and bitter melon on in vitro glycation and advanced glycation end products formation

Background: Protein glycation is a spontaneous post translational modification of proteins by excess sugars causing formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in diabetic individuals and responsible for diabetes complications. Momordica charantia L (bitter melon) and garlic have been used historically for medicinal purposes particularly for treatment of diabetes and cancers and contain potent antioxidant activity hence we planned to compare the antiglycating activities.Methods: Human serum albumin (HSA) was used for in vitro glycation. Various concentrations of extracts of M. charantia L and aged garlic were analyzed.Results: Co-incubation of the M. charantia L and aged garlic extracts with HSA-fructose mixture gives contradictory results in tryptophan fluorescence, AGE specific fluorescence and protein bound carbonyl studies.Conclusions: M. charantia L seems to aggravate sugar mediated glycation of the protein and need further studies to pinpoint specific bioactive compounds responsible for the observed activities whereas aged garlic seems to have strong ant glycation properties

A study of expressed emotion, perceived stress and socio-demographic profile in patients of dissociative disorder

Background: Dissociation is understood as one of coping mechanism to deal with intense stressors. Individuals vary widely in their subjective response to a similar stressful event depending on number of factors including their family and social support system. So, authors tried to study the expressed emotion in patients of dissociative disorder along with other socio-demographic factors and its relation with perceived stress.Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was done on 100 patients with primary diagnosis of dissociative disorder. Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D) was used to assess comorbid Depressive symptoms and Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAM-A) was used to asses comorbid anxiety symptoms. Perceived stress scale (PSS) was used to assess the perception of stress. Family emotional involvement and criticism scale (FEICS) was used to measure perceived criticism (PC) and intensity of emotional involvement (EI).Results: Mean perceived stress in this study was 25.8. Mean score for perceived criticism (PC) was 16.5 and emotional involvement (EI) was 15.7. Both measures of expressed emotions were significantly higher in females and subjects belonging to joint families and rural area. In this study perceived stress by subjects was significantly (p=0.001) correlated to perceived criticism (Pearson r = 0.78) and emotional involvement (Pearson r = 0.77).Conclusions: High perceived criticism and emotion over involvement of family member was associated with perceived stress in dissociation patients