An Improved Fatigue Detection System Based on Behavioral Characteristics of Driver

In recent years, road accidents have increased significantly. One of the major reasons for these accidents, as reported is driver fatigue. Due to continuous and longtime driving, the driver gets exhausted and drowsy which may lead to an accident. Therefore, there is a need for a system to measure the fatigue level of driver and alert him when he/she feels drowsy to avoid accidents. Thus, we propose a system which comprises of a camera installed on the car dashboard. The camera detect the driver's face and observe the alteration in its facial features and uses these features to observe the fatigue level. Facial features include eyes and mouth. Principle Component Analysis is thus implemented to reduce the features while minimizing the amount of information lost. The parameters thus obtained are processed through Support Vector Classifier for classifying the fatigue level. After that classifier output is sent to the alert unit.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, edited version of published paper in IEEE ICITE 201

Use and inappropriate use of proton pump inhibitors in hospitalized patients

Background: The discovery of Helicobacter pylori infection in etiology of peptic ulcer disease and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) in management of upper gastrointestinal diseases had been the milestones in medical science. PPI are currently being both overused and misused. In countries like India, where over 500 branded formulations of PPI are available, probability of misuse and abuse increases exponentially. The aim of the study was to find out inappropriate use of PPI, among hospitalized patients.Methods: In order to find answer to the research question a cross sectional study was conducted in indoor patient of a tertiary care private hospital at Jaipur, Rajasthan. Patients of either sex, aged 18 years or above belonging to rural and urban communities were participating in study. The sample size was 500.Results: It was noted that Inappropriate PPI use was observed in most of the hospital admitted patients (78%). Most common diagnosis among inappropriate PPI use was dengue fever (due to increased number of dengue cases during study period), followed by cerebrovascular accidents and urinary tract infection. Most common indication for appropriate PPI use was stress ulcer prophylaxis, again in dengue case (due to cardinal manifestation of thrombocytopenia).Conclusions: Almost all patients were once prescribed PPI after admission and discharged on PPI (99.2%). Thus, we recommend evidence-based prescription of PPI, to reduce side effects and excess cost

A case control study on the association between vitamin d deficiency and diabetes mellitus type 2 at tertiary care hospital, Jaipur

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of common metabolic disorders. Recently, emerging evidence has suggested a role for suboptimal vitamin D status in the etiology of T2DM. This study aimed to determine the association between Vitamin -D deficiency and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in patients of tertiary care centre, Jaipur. Method and material: This was a hospital based descriptive type of observational study done in Department of Medicine, of a tertiary care hospital in Jaipur, Rajasthan. This study included 100 cases and 100 control. Result: There were 55% males and 45% female among study participants. Out of 200 participants, 160 (80%) subjects are vit D deficient in which 84 (42%) are cases and 76 (38%) are controls, means cases are more deficient for vit D in comparision to controls. Conclusion: Though vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in T2DM and non-diabetic control subjects, its relationship in glycation control or insulin resistance in T2DM subjects could not be confirmed in our study population. This is potentially an important finding for public health, demonstrating that improvement in vitamin D status is one of the factors responsible for better health of the individuals