High-Performance Packaging Technology for Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Modules

The properties of wide band gap (WBG) semiconductors are beneficial to power electronics applications ranging from consumer electronics and renewable energy to electric vehicles and high-power traction applications like high-speed trains. WBG devices, properly integrated, will allow power electronics systems to be smaller, lighter, operate at higher temperatures, and at higher frequencies than previous generations of Si-based systems. These will contribute to higher efficiency, and therefore, lower lifecycle costs and lower CO2 emissions. Over 20 years have been spent developing WBG materials, low-defect-density wafers, epitaxy, and device fabrication and processing technology. In power electronics applications, devices are normally packaged into large integrated modules with electrical, mechanical and thermal connection to the system and control circuit. The first generations of WBG device have used conventional or existing module designs to allow drop-in replacement of Si devices; this approach limits the potential benefit. To realize the full potential of WBG devices, especially the higher operating temperatures and faster switching frequency, a new generation of packaging design and technology concepts must be widely implemented

Status and Trend of Power Semiconductor Module Packaging for Electric Vehicles

Power semiconductor modules are the core components in power-train system of hybrid and electric vehicles (HEV/EV). With the global interests and efforts to popularize HEV/EV, automotive module has become one of the fast growing sectors of power semiconductor industry. However, the comprehensive requirements in power, frequency, efficiency, robustness, reliability, weight, volume, and cost of automotive module are stringent than industrial products due to extremely high standards of vehicle safety and harsh environment. The development of automotive power module is facing comprehensive challenges in designing of structure, material, and assembly technology. In this chapter, the status and trend of power semiconductor module packaging for HEV/EV are investigated. Firstly, the functionality of power electronics and module in HEV/EV power-train system, as well as the performance requirements by automotive industry, is addressed. A general overview of HEV/EV module design and manufacturing is discussed. Then, the typical state-of-the-art commercial and custom HEV/EV power modules are reviewed and evaluated. Lastly, the packaging trends of automotive module are investigated. The advanced assembly concept and technology are beneficial to thermal management, minimized parasitic parameters, enhancement of thermal and mechanical reliability, and the reduction of weight, volume, and cost

The Potential Antipyretic Mechanism of Gardeniae Fructus and Its Heat-Processed Products With Plasma Metabolomics Using Rats With Yeast-Induced Fever

Gardeniae Fructus (GF), prepared GF (GFP), and carbonized GF (GFC) are widely used in China for the treatment of fever. However, the involved antipyretic mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In this study, rectal temperature and pyrogenic cytokines were used to evaluate the antipyretic effect of raw and processed GF in rats with dry-yeast-induced pyrexia. Reverse phase and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry were used to acquire the metabolomics profile of GF, GFP, and GFC in rats with pyrexia. The results showed that the rectal temperature of rats treated with GF, GFP, and GFC was suppressed after 6 h (P < 0.05), compared with that observed in pyrexia model rats. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that the expression of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 were suppressed by GF, GFP, and GFC. Moreover, GFC suppressed the expression of interleukin 6 significantly (P < 0.01). Of note, 11, 15, and 25 feature metabolites were identified in the GF, GFP, and GFC groups. Pathway analysis showed that GF mainly regulated the biosynthesis of valine, leucine, and isoleucine. Notably, GFP was involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism, while GFC was linked to glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism. These results suggested that GF, GFP, and GFC maintained their antipyretic effect despite heat processing. However, heat processing altered endogenous feature metabolites and certain pathways of GF, GFP, and GFC in rats with yeast-induced pyrexia to exert an antipyretic effect

The moderating effect of environmental dynamism on green product innovation and performance

Environmental management has been researching extensively in the last two decades. Pressure from environmental regulations or policies plays an important role to boost environmental management practices. Nevertheless, the relationship between such pressure and the ultimate firm performance is not very obvious. Although green product innovation has been recognized as a predictor to improve environment performance, there is a lack of discussion in the literature to examine the mediating effect of green product innovation between the aforementioned pressure and firm performance. Additionally, most previous studies adopted a static view which ignores the implications on external dynamic factors in many empirical studies. In this connection, this study contributes to the field of knowledge by filling these two gaps. More specifically, this study: (i) examines the effect of green product innovation on the relationship between pressure of environmental regulations (or policies) and firm performance; and (ii) evaluates the moderating effect of environmental dynamism on the relationship between green production innovation and firm performance. A questionnaire survey is conducted in an emerging country, China, to verify the hypotheses.Institute of Textiles and Clothin

Lipid profiles in the cerebrospinal fluid of rats with 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions as a model of Parkinson’s disease

BackgroundParkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with characteristic pathological abnormalities, including the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons, a dopamine-depleted striatum, and microglial activation. Lipid accumulation exhibits a close relationship with these pathologies in PD.MethodsHere, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was used to construct a rat model of PD, and the lipid profile in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained from model rats was analyzed using lipidomic approaches.ResultsEstablishment of this PD model was confirmed by apomorphine-induced rotation behaviors, loss of DA neurons, depletion of dopamine in the striatum, and microglial activation after 6-OHDA-induced lesion generation. Unsupervised and supervised methods were employed for lipid analysis. A total of 172 lipid species were identified in CSF and subsequently classified into 18 lipid families. Lipid families, including eicosanoids, triglyceride (TG), cholesterol ester (CE), and free fatty acid (FFA), and 11 lipid species exhibited significantly altered profiles 2 weeks after 6-OHDA administration, and significant changes in eicosanoids, TG, CE, CAR, and three lipid species were noted 5 weeks after 6-OHDA administration. During the period of 6-OHDA-induced lesion formation, the lipid families and species showed concentration fluctuations related to the recovery of behavior and nigrostriatal abnormalities. Correlation analysis showed that the levels of eicosanoids, CE, TG families, and TG (16:0_20:0_18:1) exhibited positive relationships with apomorphine-induced rotation behaviors and negative relationships with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in the midbrain.ConclusionThese results revealed that non-progressive nigrostriatal degeneration induced by 6-OHDA promotes the expression of an impairment-related lipidomic signature in CSF, and the level of eicosanoids, CE, TG families, and TG (16:0_20:0_18:1) in CSF may reveal pathological changes in the midbrain after 6-OHDA insult

c-Myb ノ カジョウ ハツゲン ワ ナイヒ サイボウ シュウダンチュウ ノ ケツエキ ゼンク サイボウ ノ ヒンド オ ゾウカサセル

京都大学0048新制・論文博士博士(医学)乙第11893号論医博第1907号新制||医||932(附属図書館)UT51-2006-P42京都大学大学院医学研究科分子医学系専攻(主査)教授 長澤 丘司, 教授 中畑 龍俊, 教授 山中 伸弥学位規則第4条第2項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDA

Association between Serum Uric Acid and Liver Enzymes in Adults Aged 20 Years and Older in the United States: NHANES 2005–2012

Although the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has been widely reported, the relationship between SUA and liver enzymes has rarely been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of SUA levels with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in populations aged 20 years and older in the United States. We analyzed 7165 individuals aged 20 years and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the United States. Weighted multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the relationship between SUA and ALT and AST. A generalized additive model and a smooth curve fitting were used to observe the linear relationship. SUA was positively correlated with ALT and AST. In addition, the overall increasing trend of ALT and SUA was observed across the SUA quartile groups. In the stratified analysis by sex and race, the SUA levels in male, female, Mexican American, and Non-Hispanic White individuals, and those of another race, were positively correlated with ALT and AST. However, the SUA levels in Non-Hispanic Black individuals had a nonlinear relationship with ALT and AST. In individuals aged 20 years and older in the United States (excluding Non-Hispanic Black individuals), SUA levels were positively associated with ALT and AST. Therefore, with a rise in SUA levels, liver function should be monitored or intervened with in people aged 20 years and older in the United States

A Randomized Comparative Study on the Efficacy of Intracoronary Infusion of Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Stem cell therapy has shown therapeutic benefit in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), but doubt remains about the most appropriate stem cell subpopulation. The current study compared the efficacy of intracoronary administration of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) or mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) in patients with DCM. Fifty-three patients with DCM and reduced (< 40%) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), were randomized to intracoronary infusion of BMMC (BMMC group, n = 16) or BMSC (BMSC group, n = 17) or equal volume normal saline (CTRL group, n = 20). LVEF, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd), and myocardial perfusion were assessed at baseline and at 3-month and 12-month follow-ups. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were also recorded. At the 3-month follow-up, LVEF, NYHA class, and myocardial perfusion had improved significantly in the BMSC group (P = 0.004, 0.020 and 0.019, respectively) along with significant changes in LVEF and NYHA class in the BMMC group compared with CTRL (P = 0.042 and 0.047, respectively), however, LVEDd remained unchanged. In comparison with CTRL, LVEF, NYHA class, and myocardial perfusion improved significantly in the BMSC group at the 12-month follow-up (P = 0.005, 0.050 and 0.038 respectively), but not in the BMMC group (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences between the transplantation groups during follow-up (P > 0.05). There were no differences in MACE among the 3 groups (P = 0.817). Intracoronary bone marrow stem cell transplantation in DCM is safe and effective, while BMSC and BMMC infusion possess comparable effectiveness.SCI(E)ARTICLE2238-2445

Correction to: Cellular immunotherapy using irradiated lung cancer cell vaccine co-expressing GM-CSF and IL-18 can induce significant antitumor effects

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported an error in Fig 5 of this article, graphs presenting FCM and immunofluorescent for CD4T, CD8T and NK cell of the Control Groups (LL2, LL2-irradation, MCS-irradiation) were inadvertently duplicated from another parallel experiment