Diurnal Variations in Neural Activity of Healthy Human Brain Decoded with Resting-State Blood Oxygen Level Dependent fMRI

It remains an ongoing investigation about how the neural activity alters with the diurnal rhythms in human brain. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) reflects spontaneous activities and/or the endogenous neurophysiological process of the human brain. In the present study, we applied the ReHo (regional homogeneity) and ALFF (amplitude of low frequency fluctuation) based on RS-fMRI to explore the regional differences in the spontaneous cerebral activities throughout the entire brain between the morning and evening sessions within a 24-h time cycle. Wide spread brain areas were found to exhibit diurnal variations, which may be attributed to the internal molecular systems regulated by clock genes, and the environmental factors including light-dark cycle, daily activities and homeostatic sleep drive. Notably, the diurnal variation of default mode network (DMN) suggests that there is an adaptation or compensation response within the subregions of DMN, implying a balance or a decoupling of regulation between these regions.National Natural Science Foundation of China [81371359]; National Basic Research Program of China [2015CB755500]; Basic Research Program of Shenzhen [JCYJ20160429191938883]SCI(E)[email protected]

Converse magnetoelectric effect in laminated composite of Metglas and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 with screen-printed interdigitated electrodes

In this study, we investigate the converse magnetoelectric (CME) effect in a laminated composite consisting of Metglas ribbons and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) plate with screen-printed interdigitated electrodes and operating in longitudinal magnetization and longitudinal polarization (L-L) mode. Large CME coefficients of 0.134 G·cm/V at frequency of 1 kHz and 2.75 G·cm/V at resonance frequency of 43.5 kHz under a small bias magnetic field of 7 Oe are achieved. The large CME effect can be attributed to the L-L mode and low mechanical loss of the Metglas/PZT laminated composite

Three-dimensional self-gated cardiac MR imaging for the evaluation of myocardial infarction in mouse model on a 3T clinical MR system.

To develop and assess a three-dimensional (3D) self-gated technique for the evaluation of myocardial infarction (MI) in mouse model without the use of external electrocardiogram (ECG) trigger and respiratory motion sensor on a 3T clinical MR system.A 3D T1-weighted GRE sequence with stack-of-stars sampling trajectories was developed and performed on six mice with MIs that were injected with a gadolinium-based contrast agent at a 3T clinical MR system. Respiratory and cardiac self-gating signals were derived from the Cartesian mapping of the k-space center along the partition encoding direction by bandpass filtering in image domain. The data were then realigned according to the predetermined self-gating signals for the following image reconstruction. In order to accelerate the data acquisition, image reconstruction was based on compressed sensing (CS) theory by exploiting temporal sparsity of the reconstructed images. In addition, images were also reconstructed from the same realigned data by conventional regridding method for demonstrating the advantageous of the proposed reconstruction method. Furthermore, the accuracy of detecting MI by the proposed method was assessed using histological analysis as the standard reference. Linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis were used to assess the agreement between the proposed method and the histological analysis.Compared to the conventional regridding method, the proposed CS method reconstructed images with much less streaking artifact, as well as a better contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between the blood and myocardium (4.1 ± 2.1 vs. 2.9 ± 1.1, p = 0.031). Linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated that excellent correlation was obtained between infarct sizes derived from the proposed method and histology analysis.A 3D T1-weighted self-gating technique for mouse cardiac imaging was developed, which has potential for accurately evaluating MIs in mice at 3T clinical MR system without the use of external ECG trigger and respiratory motion sensor

Data from: Three-dimensional self-gated cardiac MR imaging for the evaluation of myocardial infarction in mouse model on a 3T clinical MR system

Purpose: To develop and assess a three-dimensional (3D) self-gated technique for the evaluation of myocardial infarction (MI) in mouse model without the use of external electrocardiogram (ECG) trigger and respiratory motion sensor on a 3T clinical MR system. Methods: A 3D T1-weighted GRE sequence with stack-of-stars sampling trajectories was developed and performed on six mice with MIs that were injected with a gadolinium-based contrast agent at a 3T clinical MR system. Respiratory and cardiac self-gating signals were derived from the Cartesian mapping of the k-space center along the partition encoding direction by bandpass filtering in image domain. The data were then realigned according to the predetermined self-gating signals for the following image reconstruction. In order to accelerate the data acquisition, image reconstruction was based on compressed sensing (CS) theory by exploiting temporal sparsity of the reconstructed images. In addition, images were also reconstructed from the same realigned data by conventional regridding method for demonstrating the advantageous of the proposed reconstruction method. Furthermore, the accuracy of detecting MI by the proposed method was assessed using histological analysis as the standard reference. Linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis were used to assess the agreement between the proposed method and the histological analysis. Results: Compared to the conventional regridding method, the proposed CS method reconstructed images with much less streaking artifact, as well as a better contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between the blood and myocardium (4.1 ± 2.1 vs. 2.9 ± 1.1, P= 0.031). Linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated that excellent correlation was obtained between infarct sizes derived from the proposed method and histology analysis. Conclusion: A 3D T1-weighted self-gating technique for mouse cardiac imaging was developed, which has potential for accurately evaluating MIs in mice at 3T clinical MR system without the use of external ECG trigger and respiratory motion sensor

Data_Sheet_1_Sex differences in symptom network structure of depression, anxiety, and self-efficacy among people with diabetes: a network analysis.docx

AimsThe present study aims to explore the relations between symptoms of depression and anxiety and self-efficacy among people with diabetes. At the same time, we also examined the sex difference between network structures.MethodsThis study recruited 413 participants with diabetes, and they completed Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Self-efficacy for Diabetes (SED). Symptom network analysis and network comparison test were used to construct and compare the depression-anxiety symptom network models of the female and male groups. Finally, we conducted flow diagrams to explore the symptoms directly or indirectly related to self-efficacy.ResultsThe strongest edges in the depression-anxiety symptom networks are the edge between “GAD3” (Excessive worry) and “GAD4” (Trouble relaxing) and the edge between “PHQ1” (Anhedonia) and “PHQ4” (Energy) in the female and male groups, respectively. Most of the symptoms with the highest EI and bridge EI are related to worry and nervousness. Additionally, in the flow diagram of the female group, “PHQ6” (Guilt) has a high negative association with self-efficacy.ConclusionFemales with diabetes are more vulnerable to depression and anxiety. Interventions targeting key symptoms in the network may be helpful in relieving the psychological problems among people with diabetes.</p

Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi Strengthen the Beneficial Effects of Warming on the Growth of Gynaephora Menyuanensis Larvae

 Herbivores experience an unprecedented variously impacts of climate warming. Besides, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) also is influence on herbivores through their common host plants. Surprisingly, there are no reports about how AMF affect the responses of herbivores to warming. To close this gap, we conducted a two factors experiment to research the effects of warming, fungicide (AMF suppression), and their interaction on the development of Gynaephora menyuanensis larvae, an endemic generalist herbivore species in northeastern Tibetan Plateau, and nitrogen content of Elymus nutans, which was the main food of G. menyuanensis. Warming significantly advanced the pupation time (PT), expanded the phenomena of protandry and increased the growth rate (GR) of G. menyuanensis larvae. Fungicide not affected the development of G. menyuanensis larvae, despite their negative effects on the content of E. nutans. Warming with fungicide decreased the GR of G. menyuanensis compared with warming treatment. In other words, AMF strengthen the beneficial effects of warming to G. menyuanensis. This study provides the first evidence of the impacts of AMF on the response of herbivore to warming

Data submit -2017.11.28

The data collected site was located at HBAMERS (latitude 37°37' N and longitude 101°12' E). The research station lies at 3200 m a.s.l on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and is subjected to a typical plateau continental climate, with short cool summers and long cold winters. Mean annual temperature is 2 ℃ and mean annual precipitation is 500 mm; with over 80% of precipitation falling during the summer months from June to August. The experiment was conducted in an alpine meadow dominated by Kobresia humilis, Festuca sinensis, Elymus nutans, Poa pratensis, Stipa purpurea, Carex tristachya, Gentiana straminea, Potentilla nivea and Gentiana farreri. Soil type is Gelic Cambisol with an average thickness of 0.65 m

Data from: Ecosystem nitrogen retention is regulated by plant community trait interactions with nutrient status in an alpine meadow

1.Biotic nitrogen (N) retention is an important ecosystem function in the context of ongoing land use intensification, N deposition and global warming. However, a paucity of experimental evidence limits understanding of how different plant community components influence N retention in terrestrial ecosystems. 2.In this investigation we conducted a 15N labelling experiment to test how plant community properties, including plant species richness/diversity, dominance and functional traits, influence plant N uptake and retention under different nutrient availabilities. A three-year experiment examined the effects of adding N (10 g N m−2 year−1) and phosphorus (P) (5 g P m−2 year−1) to an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. 3.Results show that 15N retention increased with the addition of N and P; the addition of P produced the largest increase of 15N retention in plant and soil N pools. Changes in soil nutrient conditions also facilitated different plant community controls on ecosystem N retention. Ecosystem 15N retention was influenced by species richness and root biomass in the control plots; whereas the N addition treatment showed an important effect of community-weighted means (CWM) of specific leaf area (SLA), and plots with additional P recorded lower CWM of root nitrogen content (root N) and larger CWM root:shoot ratios (R/S) as important determinants. 4.Synthesis. Ecosystem N retention was influenced by conservative and exploitative plant species and/or their traits under N deficient and abundant conditions, respectively, whereas species richness and community plant biomass were most influential under control conditions. The discovery of an interaction between plant community traits and nutrient biogeochemistry as a mechanism for ecosystem N retention offers a means to predict how vegetation in alpine meadow ecosystems will respond to expected global change