The Role Of Varicocele Treatment In The Management Of Non-Obstructive Azoospermia

The literature on male reproductive medicine is continually expanding, especially regarding the diagnosis and treatment of infertility due to non-obstructive azoospermia. The advent of in vitro fertilization with intracytoplasmic sperm injection has dramatically improved the treatment of male infertility due to non-obstructive azoospermia. Assisted reproduction using testicular spermatozoa has become a treatment of hope for men previously thought to be incapable of fathering a child due to testicular failure., In addition, numerous studies on non-obstructive azoospermia have reported that varicocelectomy not only can induce spermatogenesis but can also increase the sperm retrieval rate; however, the value of varicocelectomy in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia still remains controversial. The purpose of this review is to present an overview of the current status of varicocele repair in men with non-obstructive azoospermia.PubMedWoSScopu

Interim Analysis of Baseline Characteristics and Preferences of Administration Route of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Who Are Bio-Naive or Switched between Advanced RA Treatments; A Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study

WOS: 000447268901146

Factors Affecting Complication Rates of Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy in Children: Results of Multi-Institutional Retrospective Analysis by Pediatric Stone Disease Study Group of Turkish Pediatric Urology Society

WOS: 000293688300097PubMed ID: 21784482Purpose: We evaluated factors affecting complication rates of ureteroscopy for pediatric ureteral calculi. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 642 children who underwent ureteroscopy at 16 Turkish centers between 2000 and 2010. Semirigid ureteroscopy was used with various calibers to treat 670 ureteral units in 660 sessions. Complications were evaluated according to the Satava and Clavien classification systems. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done to determine predictive factors affecting complication rates. Results: A total of 367 females and 265 males were studied. Mean +/- SD patient age was 90.2 +/- 51.4 months (range 4 to 204). Mean +/- SD stone size, operative time and postoperative hospital stay were 8.9 +/- 4.7 mm, 45.8 +/- 23.8 minutes and 1.8 +/- 2.8 days, respectively. At a mean +/- SD followup of 13.3 +/- 17.6 months 92.8% of patients were stone-free and efficacy quotient was 90.3%. Complications, which occurred in 8.4% of patients (54 of 642), were intraoperative in 25 (Satava grade I to II in 22), early postoperative in 25 (Clavien grade I to II in 23) and late postoperative in 4 (all grade III). While operative time, age, institutional experience, orifice dilation, stenting and stone burden were statistically significant on univariate analysis, multivariate analysis revealed that operative time was the only statistically significant parameter affecting the complication rate. Conclusions: Semirigid ureteroscopy is effective, with a 90% stone-free rate and efficacy quotient. Most complications are low grade and self-limiting. Our results confirm that prolonged operative time is an independent predictor of complications, and should be considered when choosing and performing the treatment modality